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The role of maternal blood elabela levels in the prediction of placenta previa and accreta
No full textIntroduction: Placenta previa and Placenta Accreta Spectrum are life-threatening obstetric conditions that are challenging to diagnose accurately. Currently, there is no biochemical parameter available for their diagnosis. The aim of our study is to investigate the potential of Elabela as a laboratory marker that could predict placenta previa and placenta accreta, both of which can lead to severe, life-threatening complications for the mother. Methods: In this study, which was conducted prospectively in two tertiary centers between 2020 and 2022, Elabela levels were examined in patient groups with placental insertion and invasion anomalies. SPSS program was used for comparative statistical analysis between groups. Results: Of the 67 analyzed patients, 32 were in the control group, 12 were in the previa group, and 23 were in the accreta group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding age, BMI, number of curettages, presence of previous cesarean section, and smoking status. The Elabela level was measured at 135.6 +/- 72.1 in the control group, 988.3 +/- 925.5 in the previa group, and 376 +/- 364.6 in the accreta group, with a statistically significant difference between the groups. The cut-off value of Elabela levels in the previa group was determined to be 304, with a sensitivity of 83.30 % and a specificity of 83.60 % (AUC = 0.909). In the accreta group, the cut-off value was 195.5, with a sensitivity of 60.90 % and a specificity of 61.40 % (AUC = 0.658). Discussion: By showing that the prediction of placenta previa and placenta acreata can be made with a biochemical parameter in our study, young researchers will focus more on this subject and thus make many contributions to science
Optimum processing conditions for a trivalent-inactivated bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccine using field strains and immunogenicity of candidate formulations with different adjuvants
No full textBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is among the common bovine pathogens worldwide. One of the prominent protection measures of BVDV is vaccination. This study aimed to determine the growth characteristics, inactivation kinetics of vaccine candidates using local BVDV strains [TR-26 (BVDV-1f), TR-21 (BVDV-1l), and TR-15 (BVDV-2b)], and the serological response in experimental animals to inactivated BVDV vaccine formulations prepared with different adjuvants. Optimum MOI values for BVDV strains TR-26, TR-21, and TR-15 were determined as 0.1, 1.0, and 0.01, respectively. In addition, growth curves of TR-26, TR-21, and TR-15 strains were created, and it was determined that they reached the highest titers at 12, 48, and 36 h p.i., respectively. The strains TR-26, TR-21, and TR-15 with titers of 106.5, 106.5, and 105.25 TCID50/ml were completely inactivated by 1 mM binary ethyleneimine (BEI) at the 10th, 16th, and 10th hours of treatment, respectively. Guinea pigs were immunized with four vaccine formulations (F1, F2, F3, F4), two with aluminum-based [Al(OH)3, Al(OH)3+Saponin] and two with oil-based (ISA 50 and ISA 206) adjuvants. Neutralization tests were applied to determine the humoral immune response developed after vaccination. Both homologous and heterologous BVDV strains were used for evaluations. Oil adjuvanted vaccines were more efficient to induce antibody titers compared to Al(OH)3-based vaccines. In addition, between the oil adjuvanted vaccines, the titers of neutralizing antibodies obtained by Montanide® ISA 206 formulation were significantly higher than in Montanide® ISA 50 (p < 0.05). Post-vaccinal neutralizing antibodies were detected in the first sampling at 21st day and lasted longer than a 111 days period. The highest antibody response in Guinea pigs was for the strain TR-15. The availability of using BVDV-lf, 1l, and 2b local strains in vaccines and their effectiveness against homologous and heterologous strains have been demonstrated.Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) 119 O 57
Determination of physicochemical, functional,and morphological properties of Prosopis farcta (Çeti•) seed galactomannan as a new hydrocolloid source: Comparison with locust bean gum
No full textThe present study investigated the properties of galactomannan, a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from the Prosopis farcta (& Ccedil;eti) plant. These properties encompassed its functional characteristics, chemical composition, rheological behavior, and morphological structure. The results were systematically compared with those of the commercially utilized locust bean gum (LBG). Following ethanol precipitation, the yield of Prosopis farcta galactomannan (PFG) was determined to be 22.4 +/- 0.5 %. The mannose-to-galactose (M: G) ratios of PFG and LBG were calculated as 1.7:1 and 3.3:1, respectively. The solubility of PFG exhibited a temperature-dependent increase akin to that of LBG. Notably, PFG demonstrated superior emulsion capacity and stability even at low concentrations. Additionally, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed asymmetric broad peaks around the 2 theta = 20 degrees diffraction angle, signifying the amorphous nature of PFG. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, obtained after dissolving both PFG and LBG in deionized water and freeze-drying them, displayed a fibrous filament network structure in both samples.Harran University Sci-entific Research Projects (HUBAP) unit [22117]This study was financially supported by the Harran University Sci-entific Research Projects (HUBAP) unit (Project No: 22117)
Mortality Associated with Surgical Site Infections Following Cardiac Surgery: Insights from the International ID-IRI Study
No full textObjectives: Surgical site infections (SSIs) after cardiac surgery increase morbidity and mortality rates. This multicenter study aimed to identify mortality risk factors associated with SSIs after heart surgery. Methods: Conducted from January to March 2023, this prospective study included 167 patients aged >16 years with post-heart surgery SSIs. The primary focus was the 30-day mortality. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression utilizing the backward elimination method were used to establish the final model. Results: Several factors significantly correlated with mortality. These included urinary catheterization (odds ratio [OR] 14.197; 90% confidence interval [CI] 12.198-91.721]), emergent surgery (OR 8.470 [90% CI 2.028-35.379]), valvular replacement (OR 4.487 [90% CI 1.001-20.627]), higher quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores (OR 3.147 [90% CI 1.450-6.827]), advanced age (OR 1.075 [90% CI 1.020-1.132]), and postoperative re-interventions within 30 days after SSI (OR 14.832 [90% CI 2.684-81.972]). No pathogens were isolated from the wound cultures of 53 (31.7%) patients. A total of 43.1% of SSIs (n = 72) were due to gram-positive microorganisms, whereas 27.5% of cases (n = 46) involved gram-negatives. Among the gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococci (n = 30, 17.9%) were the predominant microorganisms, whereas Klebsiella (n = 16, 9.6%), Escherichia coli (n = 9, 5.4%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 7, 4.2%) were the most prevalent. Conclusions: To mitigate mortality after heart surgery, stringent infection control measures and effective surgical antisepsis are crucial, particularly, in the elderly. The clinical progression of the disease is reflected by the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and patient re-intervention, and effective treatment is another essential component of SSI management. © 2025 The Author
Excessive Weight Gain During Pregnancy Increased Ponoxarase 1 Level in Neonatal Cord Blood
No full textMaternal obesity is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for adverse fetal outcomes, primarily through its association with heightened oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate oxidative stress markers in umbilical cord blood of neonates born to obese mothers. Sixty-three pregnant women, who were of normal weight at the start of pregnancy but classified as obese at term, were included. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected immediately post-delivery and analyzed for serum oxidative stress markers (total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), paraoxanase (PON), aryl esterase, thiol, and catalase activities). Protein interaction networks were generated using Cytoscape (v3.10.3), and the overlapping proteins were further analyzed for functional annotations with ShinyGO (0.80). The top ten significantly enriched pathways were identified with a false discovery rate (FDR) threshold of <0.05. Significant associations were found between maternal BMI change and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) levels in umbilical cord blood, while no correlation was observed with other oxidative (total oxidant status) and antioxidant markers (total antioxidant status, aryl esterase, thiol, and catalase). Additionally, the correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between BMI change and fetal gestational age, but not with other demographic or clinical features. A total of 24 common protein interactors associated with PON1, obesity, and oxidative stress were identified. Functional annotation analysis revealed significant enrichment in antioxidant and oxidoreductase activities, along with pathways involved in insulin resistance, AGE-RAGE signaling, and atherosclerosis. Maternal obesity may specifically affect PON1 activity, potentially serving as a compensatory response to oxidative stress in neonates, suggesting PON1 as a possible biomarker for oxidative stress-related metabolic disturbances in neonates of obese mothers, with implications for monitoring and managing pregnancy outcomes in obese populations
Synthesis of new fluorinated sulfonates and their Schiff bases as anti-Alzheimer drug candidates: An in vitro-in silico study
No full textIn this research, we designed and synthesized a series of new 3- or 4-(trifluoromethyl)- substituted sulfonate esters (1–14) linked heterocyclic Schiff base derivatives (15–28) as potential inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. The chemical structures of the target compounds were elucidated using elemental analysis and various spectral techniques. In vitro inhibitory results revealed IC50 values ranging from 12.05±0.10 to 43.08±0.20 μM against acetylcholinesterase and 0.42±0.04 to 95.52±0.00 μM against butyrylcholinesterase. Among the tested compounds, most sulfonates were found to inhibit acetylcholinesterase better than butyrylcholinesterase. In contrast, their Schiff base derivatives inhibited butyrylcholinesterase more effectively acetylcholinesterase did. Compounds 19, 20, and 21 inhibited butyrylcholinesterase better than galanthamine. The effects of trifluoromethyl group at positions 3 or 4 of the sulfonate moiety and the biosubstitutions at position R2 of the spacer moiety on the inhibitory activities were evaluated. Moreover, the antioxidant potency of these compounds was assessed by three different assays (DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS cationic radical decolorization, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity. The newly synthesized derivatives showed very low antioxidant activity (>1000 μM) in the DPPH and ABTS assays, while some of 3- trifluoromethyl substituted Schiff base derivatives (compounds 15, 20, and 21) showed activity closer to α-tocopherol in cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assay. The binding modes and binding free energies for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor candidates were determined through docking studies. Taken together, we consider some inhibitor candidates to be valuable lead structures that can be used in further studies to design new anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs. © 2025 Elsevier B.V
Involvement of necroptosıs and apoptosıs ın protectıve effects of cyclosporın a on ischemıa-reperfusıon injury in rat kıdney
No full textWe aimed to investigate the protective effects of low dose cyclosporin A (CsA) on ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rat the kidney and on the apoptotic and necroptotic mechanisms involved. 1. Control group (received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of 1 ml sterile saline 15 min before the surgical procedure), 2. IR group (was subjected to 30 min of bilateral kidney ischemia followed by 90 min of reperfusion; and received a single i.p. dose of 1 ml sterile saline 15 min before the IR procedure, 3. IR + CsA group (received a single i.p. dose of 3 mg/kg CsA 15 min before the IR procedure. Renal functions (renal perfusion pressures, and serum urea-creatinine levels), kidney histological scores, MDA levels, and TNF-alpha, caspase-3, RIP1, RIP3, MLKL, CaMKII and CypD protein expressions were also measured. Renal perfusion pressures (PP), serum urea and creatinine levels, renal tissue MDA levels, and the protein expression levels of TNF-alpha, caspase-3, RIP1, RIP3, MLKL, CAMKII and CypD were significantly increased in the IR group compared to the control group (p < 0.05), Additionally, there were significant decreases in all the parameters in the IR + CsA group compared to those in the IR group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, histopathological analyses revealed significantly higher kidney injury scores in the IR group compared to the control group, and low dose CsA treatment improved the injury. A single low dose of CsA injection 15 min before IR, demonstrated a protective effect on bilateral renal IR injury and a reduction in apoptotic and necroptopic markers which is resulted in improvement of renal functions.Dicle University Scientific Research Project Coordinator [ECZACILIK.20.006]The project was supported by the Dicle University Scientific Research Project Coordinator (with the number ECZACILIK.20.006)
Utilization of orange peel waste for activated carbon production and its application in particleboard for formaldehyde emission reduction
No full textActivated carbon (AC) is valued for its large surface area, porosity, and chemical adsorption properties, making it suitable for a wide range of industrial applications. Its most common sources are coconut shells, wood, and coal - all of which are costly or harmful to the environment. It is thus important to finding sustainable feedstock, such as agricultural waste. Inexpensive materials like waste orange peel have been used in the production of AC. This study explores the synthesis of AC from orange peel waste through phosphoric acid (H3PO4) activation for potential applications in reducing volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde emissions in particleboard production. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to examine AC. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of AC was 497 m2g(-)(1). The addition of AC to urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive enhanced cross-linking and condensation reactions, improving the mechanical and physical properties of particleboards without compromising integrity. The effects of AC on formaldehyde emissions were assessed at 0 and 3 months. Compared to the control group, particleboards with AC showed a 28.98% reduction in free formaldehyde emissions at 0 months and a 45.25% reduction at 3 months. Activated carbon derived from orange peels can thus improve particleboard properties while reducing formaldehyde emissions in an environmentally sustainable way.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [121C429]This research was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (project no. 121C429)
Content analysis of Diyarbakir folk songs
No full textBu çalışmada, Diyarbakır yöresine ait türkülerin içerik analizi yapılarak sözlü kültürün ürünleri olan türkülerdeki tematik çeşitlilik ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada aşk, ayrılık, ölüm, gurbet gibi bireysel ve toplumsal duyguların işlendiği temaların yanı sıra; dağ, taş, ova su, toprak, çöl gibi doğa unsurlarının türkülere nasıl yansıdığı incelenmiştir. Dinî motifler, klasik edebiyatın yansımaları, kuş, kuzu, geyik gibi hayvan imgeleri, sayıların sembolik kullanımı ve renklerin kültürel çağrışımı da analiz edilerek Diyarbakır türkülerinin derin yapısına inilmeye çalışılmıştır. Diyarbakır türkülerinde yer alan yiyecek-içecek unsurlarının gündelik yaşamla ilişkisi; maddi mekânlar ve yer adları üzerinden coğrafyanın bellekteki izdüşümü; alkışkargışlarla yöre insanının duygu ve düşünceleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Deyim ve muhtelif ifadelerle Diyarbakır'ın ağız özellikleri, kültürel kimlik ve kolektif hafıza çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir.In this study, the content analysis of folk songs belonging to the Diyarbakır region was conducted, revealing the thematic d of oral culture products. The research examined how both individual collective emotions such as love, separation, death, and longing for one's homeland arereflected in the songs, along with natural elements like mountains, water and soil. Religious motifs, reflections of classical literature, and images of animals such as birds, lambs, and deer were analyzed to explored the cultural transformation within Diyarbakır folk songs. Through this is analysis, an effort was made to delve into the deep structure of Diyarbakır folk songs. Expressions related to eating and drinking, as well as nature-related elements in daily life, serve as a geographical memory of the region, leflecting the emotions and thoughts of the localpeople through praises and responses. Idioms and various expressions were evaluated within the framework of Diyarbakır's dialectal features, cultural identity, and collective memory
Investigation of enzymatic levan production in thermophilic bacteria
No full textEkzopolisakkaritler (EPS) hücre yüzeyine sıkıca bağlı bulunan kapsül yapısında veya gevşek bağlanma ile hücrenin yüzeyine bağlı mukoz (slime) yapısında bulunan dallı yapılardır. Birçok EPS çeşidi mevcuttur. Bunlardan biri de levan polisakaritidir. Levanın oluşumu, levansukraz tarafından transfruktozilasyon aktivitesi yoluyla gerçekleştirilir. Sakkarozdaki β (2-1) bağları kırılır ve fruktozil grupları sakkaroz ve serbest glikoz gibi alıcı moleküllere aktarılır. Bu aktivite sayesinde levansukrazlar (EC 2.4.1.10), levan ve fruktooligosakkaritlerin (FOS) oluşumunu katalize eder. Levan molekülü, fruktoz birimlerinin β-(2-6) ve β-(2-1) bağlarıyla bağlanmasıyla oluşur. Tamamen biyouyumlu bir polisakkarit olan levan, antioksidan, antikanser, antibiyotik ve prebiyotik özellikleri nedeniyle endüstriyel sektörler için en umut verici mikrobiyal EPS'lerden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, levan üretiminde önemli olan levansukraz üretimi, Diyarbakır ili Çermik ilçesindeki bir sıcak su kaynağından izole edilip tanımlanan termofilik Bacillus zhangzhounesis 2CA suşu ve Bacillus licheniformis 2CS suşu bakterileri kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Enzim aktivitesi 3,5-Dinitrosalisilik asit (DNS) yöntemi ile, protein miktarı ise Lowry yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Levansukraz üretiminin optimizasyonu için farklı sukroz (%0.5-3.0) konsantrasyonları, zamana bağlı (3-60 saat) enzim üretimi, farklı pH (4.0-11.0) ve farklı sıcaklıklar (40-70 oC) kullanılmıştır. Enzim kısmi olarak tuz çöktürme, iyon değişimi ve jel geçirgenlik kromatografisi yöntemleri ile saflaştırılmış, saflaştırılmış enzimin sıcaklık ve pH stabilitesi ile farklı metal ve kimyasalların etkileri araştırılmıştır. B. zhangzhouensis 2CA suşu için enzim üretiminin %1 sukroz varlığında 24 saatte gerçekleştiği ve optimum enzim aktivitesinin pH 6.0 ve 50 oC'de olduğu, B. licheniformis 2CS suşu için ise maksimum enzim üretiminin %2 sukroz varlığında 36 saatte gerçekleştiği ve optimum enzim aktivitesinin pH 7.0 ve 60 oC'de olduğu belirlenmiştir. Saflaştırılmış enzimin her iki suş için optimum pH ve sıcaklık değerlerinde stabilitesini koruduğu ve Ca2+ varlığında enzim aktivitesinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışma, her iki suş için çeşitli ticari ve endüstriyel uygulamalarda verimli levansukraz üretimi için bir model olarak hizmet edebilecek optimize edilmiş koşulları ortaya koymuştur.Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are branched structures found either as a capsule structure tightly bound to the cell surface or as a mucous (slime) structure loosely attached to the surface of the cell. There are many types of EPS. One of them is the levan polysaccharide. The formation of levan is carried out through the transfructosylation activity of levansucrase. The β-(2-1) bonds in sucrose are broken, and fructosyl groups are transferred to acceptor molecules such as sucrose and free glucose. Through this activity, levansucrases (EC 2.4.1.10) catalyze the formation of levan and fructooligosaccharides (FOS). The levan molecule is formed by the linking of fructose units via β-(2-6) and β-(2-1) bonds. Levan, a completely biocompatible polysaccharide, is considered one of the most promising microbial EPS for industrial sectors due to its antioxidant, anticancer, antibiotic, and prebiotic properties. In this study, levansucrase production, which is important for levan synthesis, was investigated using the thermophilic Bacillus zhangzhouensis 2CA and Bacillus licheniformis 2CS strains, isolated and identified from a hot spring in Çermik district of Diyarbakır province. Enzyme activity was determined by the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, and protein concentration was determined by the Lowry method. For the optimization of levansucrase production, different sucrose concentrations (0.5–3.0%), time-dependent (3–60 hours) enzyme production, different pH levels (4.0–11.0), and different temperatures (40–70 °C) were used. The enzyme was partially purified using salt precipitation, ion exchange, and gel filtration chromatography methods. The temperature and pH stability of the purified enzyme, as well as the effects of different metals and chemicals, were investigated. It was determined that enzyme production for the B. zhangzhouensis 2CA strain occurred at 24 hours in the presence of 1% sucrose, and the optimum enzyme activity was at pH 6.0 and 50 °C; while for the B. licheniformis 2CS strain, maximum enzyme production occurred at 36 hours in the presence of 2% sucrose, and the optimum enzyme activity was at pH 7.0 and 60 °C. It was determined that the purified enzyme maintained its stability at the optimum pH and temperature values for both strains and that enzyme activity increased in the presence of Ca²⁺. The study revealed optimized conditions that can serve as a model for efficient levansucrase production for various commercial and industrial applications for both strains.Dicle Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü (DÜBAP) tarafından Proje No: FEN23.028 kapsamında desteklenmiştir