Bioscientia Medicina - Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
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Risk Factors Related to Pneumonia in Toddlers in the Jeuram Health Center Work Area, Nagan Raya Aceh Regency
Get PDFBackground: Pneumonia has several risk factors, including low exclusive breastfeeding for infants, immunization status, smoking parents, and mother's level of knowledge related to pneumonia. This study aims to analyze the relationship between risk factors and pneumonia in toddlers in the work area of the Jeuram Health Center, Seunagan District, Nagan Raya Regency.
Methods: This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The participants in this study were all mothers with toddlers in the working area of the Jeuram Health Center, with a total sample of 99 mothers. The sampling technique used was total sampling. Data analysis using SPSS.
Results: Based on the results of statistical tests, it was concluded that the factors related to the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers in the working area of the Jeuram Health Center, Nagan Raya Regency, namely knowledge (p-value 0.017), immunization status (p-value 0.041), exposure to cigarette smoke (p-value 0.033).
Conclusion: Knowledge, immunization status, and exposure to cigarette smoke are associated with the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers
A Deadly Spontaneus Hemopneumothorax: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Spontaneous hemopneumothorax (SHP) is a subtype of hemopneumothorax in which there is an accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space without trauma or other definitive cause. Spontaneous hemopneumothorax is a rare disease.
Case presentation: A man, aged 32 years, came with a complaint of sudden shortness of breath due to a right hemopneumothorax patient who was put on a chest tube insertion. It looked like 1500 cc of blood came out accompanied by an air component. Next, the chest tube is connected to the water-sealed drainage. The patient found a decrease in Hb from 15 mg/dl to 12 mg/dl. In the next nine hours, the patient's Hb became 10 mg/dl. As a result of this condition, the patient underwent an emergency thoracotomy to evaluate the source of bleeding, where the patient's source bleeding was found to be an arterial vein malformation (AVM) at the apex of the lung attached to the chest wall. Anatomical and pathological examination showed confirmed arterial vein malformation.
Conclusion: Spontaneous hemopneumothorax, in this case, is a rare case caused by arterial-vein malformation. The right decision in patient management will determine the outcome and outcome of the treatment given.
 
Efficacy of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Against Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels in Diabetic Cataracts: In vivo Study
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes mellitus is a systemic condition that affects various organs, including the eyes. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) functions as an antioxidant because it belongs to a thiol group synthesis glutathione. However, the availability of cysteine in the body is only 15%, so cysteine supplementation can help with oxidative stress in diabetic cataracts. That it will prevent the reaction of lipid peroxidase and the formation of PUFA in the lens membrane, which causes damage to lens cells and is characterized by an increase in malondialdehyde. This study aims to determine the comparison of malondialdehyde levels in the lenses of diabetic cataract rats given or without topical NAC.
Methods: 36 rats were divided into the control group (received streptozotocin) and treatment group (received streptozotocin and topical NAC. Intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin was given 90 mg/kg BW and performed once a week for 3 weeks. GDP examination was performed the next day after the rats fasted for 16 hours from the vein. In the tail, GDP > 110 mg/dl categorized as diabetes. Topical NAC was given 4 times per day for 3 weeks. At the end of the study, the lens was extracted for the measurement of malondialdehyde.
Results: The mean MDA levels in the control group were higher (2.90±0.71nmol/ml) than in the treatment group (2.33±0.38nmol/ml), p<0.05.
Conclusion: NAC was effective in reducing oxidative stress levels in diabetic cataract lenses by lowering MDA levels better than the group that did not receive MDA in vivo
The Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera Burn Healing: In Vivo Study
Get PDFBackground: Burns is a type of wound that requires more intensive treatment considering the damage from these wounds is quite massive and very often causes infection. Topical antimicrobials used today have few side effects and are only partially effective in wound healing. The aim of the study was to explore the potential of Moringa oleifera on burn wound healing in vivo.
Methods: This study is an experimental study using 24 rats. Rats were grouped into 3 treatment groups and 1 control group. Furthermore, the number of fibroblasts and PMN cells was assessed in the wound tissue. Data analysis was done by univariate and bivariate.
Results: The combination of sulfur sulfadiazine and Moringa oleifera was able to significantly increase the number of fibroblasts and reduce PMN cells in burn tissue.
Conclusion: Moringa oleifera extract has the potential to accelerate burn healing by inhibiting inflammation and fibroblast activation
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Atopic Dermatitis
Get PDFAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin inflammation found in children with a varied course caused by external and internal factors. The incidence of AD in industrialized countries is 10-20% in children and 1-3% in adults. The main etiopathogenesis of AD is genetic and skin barrier disorders, immunologic disorders, and environment. Oxidative stress (SO) is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exceeds the defense capacity of the body's antioxidant system. Uncontrolled ROS production plays a major role in various skin diseases. Oxidative stress can damage the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of keratinocytes through lipid oxidation, as well as disrupt skin barrier function, increase the production of proinflammatory cytokines and worsen AD lesions. The main objectives of this literature review are to determine the role of oxidative stress in AD and antioxidants as adjunctive therapy
Efficacy of Exosome Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ACSs-Exosome) on Skin Flaps Transplantation in Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFBackground: Exosomes are a small subset of extracellular vesicles with a size of about 50 nm – 200 nm, which are found in many body fluids. The exosome is rich in various proteins and is a cargo that carries out the process of transporting and transporting between cells in the context of cell communication. This becomes a potential new therapeutic modality in triggering the modulation and activity of target cells so that ACSs-Exosome becomes a new potential to modulate skin flap transplantation repair in plastic surgery.
Methods: The literature search process was carried out in various databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, Cochrane Libraries, and Google Scholar) regarding the use of ASCs-exosome in skin flap transplantation repair in plastic surgery cases.
Results: A total of 5 studies were included in this systematic review. In general, ASCs-exosome administration was more effective in the percentage of flap survival area than in the placebo group. There are 3 studies that state that the effectiveness of flap area survival is more than 70 percent compared to the placebo group, which is only in the range of 30-40 percent.
Conclusion: ASCs-exosome has the potential to be developed to improve the survival rate of skin flap transplantation in the case of plastic surgery
Antibiotics Used in Leptospirosis: A Narrative Literature Review
Get PDFLeptospirosis is an acute infectious disease that affects both humans and animals (zoonosis). This disease is caused by the Leptospira species, a bacterium with 250 serovar variations which thus detecting its cases is prominently challenging. In Indonesia, Leptospirosis is regarded as an iceberg phenomenon since such a challenge prevents this disease from being diagnosed in clinical practice, despite study data indicating that a significant percentage of reservoir rats in Indonesia are positive for Leptospira bacteria. As such, this disease has a high mortality of rats due to therapeutic delays. The usage of antibiotics is consequently considered an optimal therapy for leptospirosis. Antibiotics are chosen based on the clinical severity of the disease and should be administered as prophylaxis in high-risk groups in order to lower morbidity and mortality
Evaluation of the Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Eradication Program in Palembang
Get PDFBackground: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) has the potential to cause Extraordinary Events (KLB), hence the government has made efforts to control DHF, one of which is through the PSN program. Evaluation is necessary to determine how the implementation of the PSN program is following the planned objectives and whether the program can control the breeding of mosquito larvae to reduce the number of dengue cases in Palembang City.
Methods: This study utilized a qualitative method with an analytical descriptive approach. The CIPP evaluation model was used to evaluate the context, input, process, and product to determine the success of the PSN program. The information was obtained from twelve informants who were recruited by purposive sampling.
Results: The study data was collected in the form of interviews, observations, and a document review to evaluate the dengue fever mosquito nest eradication program (PSN) in Palembang City in 2022. In general, the PSN program has gone well but is still constrained by budget. Furthermore, SOPs related to eradicating mosquito nests do not yet exist and there is a lack of community participation.
Conclusion: It is anticipated that Palembang City Health Office can use these study findings as a basis to justify budget allocation for the mosquito nest eradication program and develop SOPs regarding the eradication of mosquito nests to facilitate the program. They could also improve coordination, participation, and community empowerment to implement a larva-free village competition and providing a reward for villages that have been declared larva-free by the Puskesmas to encourage community participation in the eradication of mosquito nests
Diagnosis and Treatment of Multibacillary Leprosy Borderline Lepromatous Type: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. This disease has a high transmission ability and can cause physical disability and have an impact on the social life of the sufferer because of the negative stigma about leprosy. This study aims to describe the examinations performed in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with multibacillary leprosy, borderline lepromatous type.
Case presentation: A 43-year-old woman with a chief complaint of redness on the arm since 1 year ago. The patches are not itchy, painless, stiff, and numb. Since 3 months ago, the patient complained of red patches increasing and spreading to the trunk and legs. Dermatological examination found in the facial region et truncus anterior et posterior et superior, and inferior extremities bilateral showing multiple erythematous plaques, well-demarcated with scales in several parts. Sensory function examination revealed a decrease in lesions on the face, superior and inferior extremities, and anterior and posterior trunks. Negative AFB examination and biopsy results support the diagnosis of borderline lepromatous type (BL) multibacillary leprosy (MB).
Conclusion: Clinical findings in the form of hypopigmented lesions that feel numb is a cardinal signs of leprosy. Asymmetrical distribution of lesions with a number of more than 5 lesions accompanied by impaired nerve function in the form of decreased sensibility is a characteristic of MB leprosy. Histopathological features support the diagnosis of MB type BL leprosy even though the results of the skin slit smear examination were negative
Effectiveness Test of Green Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L.) on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus
Get PDFBackground: Diseases due to infection where one of the causes is Staphylococcus aureus is one of the biggest problems faced today. Treatment using penicillin antibiotics tends to cause resistance and side effects, so people prefer to overcome them by means of self-medication or the use of traditional ingredients such as betel leaf. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of green betel leaf extract (Piper betle L.) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus on the antibacterial activity.
Methods: This study is experimental research in vitro using a well diffusion method. The betel leaf was extracted using the maceration method and made into concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%.
Results: The average diameter of the inhibition zones was 9.82 mm, 9.11 mm, 9.28 mm, and 9.01 mm at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, sequentially.
Conclusion: The antibacterial activity of betel leaf extract in the overall concentration and the most optimal concentration was 5% at 9.82 mm