Bioscientia Medicina - Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
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Prepyloric Stricture in a 5-Year Old Infant Caused by Corrosive Injury: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: The incidence of corrosive ingestion is high and largely unreported in developing countries due to lack of parental supervision and careless storing of these chemicals at home.
Case presentation: A 5 years, 1-month-old boy came to the outpatient clinic department of pediatric Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital with a chief complaint of recurrent vomit since 6 weeks before admission. There was a history of ingested accumulator water 1,5 months before admission. The patient vomits every day, especially after eating and drinking.
Conclusion: The most common symptoms are vomiting, feeding problems in oral intake, and rapid weight loss. The clinical diagnosis of prepyloric stricture is based on the history of the disease, physical examination, and supporting the investigation. Treatment of gastric outlet obstruction caused by corrosive ingestion should be treated surgically
Palpebral Basal Cell Carcinoma Profile at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or basalioma is the world's most common type of non-melanoma skin cancer. 80% of BCC occurs in the head and neck area, and 20% occurs in the palpebrals. BCC contributes to 90-95% of malignancies that occur in the palpebrals, is more common in males, and the incidence is higher in those over 60 years of age. BCC grows slowly (slow-growing) and rarely metastasizes but can cause local destruction of surrounding structures. This study aims to explore the profile of palpebral basal cell carcinoma at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang, Indonesia.
Methods: This study is a descriptive observational study. A total of 36 research subjects participated in this study. Data analysis was performed using SPSS univariately.
Results: Palpebral basal cell carcinoma most often occurs in the age group of 61-70 years. Gender predilection is more common in men than women and generally occurs unilaterally. More people work outdoors than indoors. The inferior palpebral is the predilection for most tumor sites, and tumor invasion is found in the orbital area in 30.56% of cases. Wide excision and palpebral reconstruction are the most common treatment options.
Conclusion: Basal cell carcinoma of the lids most often occurs in the age group of 61-70 years, gender of male, unilateral, more working outdoors, the most predilection in the inferior palpebral and tumor invasion is found in the orbital area in 30.56% of cases, The most common treatments are wide excision and palpebral reconstruction
Determinant Analysis of Early Neonatal Mortality at the Datu Beru Takengon General Hospital, Central Aceh Regency, in 2022
Get PDFBackground: Attention to efforts to reduce neonatal mortality is important because neonatal mortality contributes to 74% of under-five deaths in Aceh. Of all neonatal mortality, 81% occurred in the 0-6 day age group (early neonates). This study aims to determine the analysis of the determinants of early neonatal mortality at the Datu Beru Takengon General Hospital, Central Aceh Regency.
Methods: The research design is an observational case-control approach. 84 case subjects and 84 control subjects were included in this study. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data analysis was performed to determine the determinants of early neonatal mortality, p<0.05.
Results: Asphyxia increases the risk of premature neonatal mortality by 6.8 times. Low birth weight infants increase the risk of early neonatal by 8.4 times. Prematurity increases the risk of early neonatal mortality by 7.1 times. A parity of more than 3 times increases the risk of early neonatal mortality by 8.9 times, and maternal gestational age of fewer than 20 years increases the occurrence of early neonatal mortality by 14.2 times.
Conclusion: Asphyxia, low birth weight, prematurity, parity with risk, and a young mother's gestational age are risk factors that contribute to early neonatal mortality
Sepsis-Induced Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) in Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adult (LADA)
Get PDFBackgrounds. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a slowly progressive form of autoimmune diabetes mellitus characterized by older age at diagnosis, presence of pancreatic autoantibodies, and lack of absolute insulin requirement at diagnosis. Patients with LADA had better β-cell function than patients with classic Type 1 DM (T1DM). Overtime, LADA tends to experience rapid and progressive loss of beta cell function that requires intensive insulin therapy. This case report aims to describe a case of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) in a patient with latent autoimmune diabetes in adult (LADA) induced by sepsis (urinary tract infection/UTI).
Case Presentations. A woman, 28 years-old, came to the Emergency Department (ED) RSMH Palembang with chief complaints of decreased consciousness and shortness of breath. Patient had a history of frequent urination, pain when urinating, and fever. Urinalysis examination were glycosuria, proteinuria, hematuria. Hb-A1c level was 10.7%, C-Peptide 0.11 ng/dL, Anti GAD65 qualitative positive, and Islet cell antibody (ICA) negative. Patient was diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), LADA, and sepsis due to urinary tract infection (UTI). Patients were managed with DKA and sepsis management algorithm.
Conclusion. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in LADA caused by sepsis is an emergency in the metabolic endocrine and diabetes fields. Prompt and appropriate management can improve outcome prognosis in this case
Evaluation of Rationality in Prescribing Metformin (Biguanide Group) at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang
Get PDFBackgrounds. It is very important to evaluate and assess the rationality of the use of antidiabetic drugs, especially the biguanide (metformin) group to maintain the quality and quality of diabetes mellitus drug administration so that the target of diabetes mellitus control can be optimized. This study aims to evaluate the rationality of prescribing metformin oral antidiabetic at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang.
Methods. The research design is a descriptive study using secondary data from medical records in the medical records section of Dr. Moh Hoesin Hospital Palembang. The object of research is all medical records of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who used metformin at RSMH Palembang in the period July 1st, 2019-July 31st, 2020, with complete medical record data and without serious comorbidities. The rationality for using metformin that was assessed in this study was the frequency of use, drug dose, route of administration, duration of administration, and drug interactions. The frequency of drug use is assessed by how many times the drug is taken in one day.
Results. The most age group of patients who received a prescription for metformin were 51-60 years old and 61-70 years old with a total of 17 patients (35.4%). The majority of patients were female as much as 60.4%. Drug interactions with metformin are still quite common, although the majority are synergistic and potentiating interactions. There are still 2 cases or 4.2 percent who experience antagonistic interactions.
Conclusion. The rationality for using metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is based on the criteria for the right dose (100%), the right frequency of drug administration (100%), the right time for giving the drug (100%), the right way of giving the drug (100%), and the right drug interaction. (95.8%)
Correlation of Interleukin-6 Levels with Clinical Features and Chest X-Ray Imaging in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang
Get PDFBackground. COVID-19 infection, both moderate and severe symptoms can cause pneumonia that can be detected on a chest X-ray. Along with the increasing severity of the clinical picture of COVID 19, it can also trigger a cytokine storm, one of which is an increase in Interleukin-6 levels. This study was conducted to see the correlation between IL-6 levels with clinical features and chest radiographs in patients with COVID-19
Methods. This research is a cross-sectional study using an observational analytic. The samples in this study were confirmed COVID-19 patients who were being treated at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang. A history and physical examination were performed to determine the clinical picture as well as a chest X-ray and IL-6 levels.
Results. There were 31 samples of COVID 19 patients. High levels of IL-6 were found in 26 (83.9%) samples. The clinical picture of the patient was dominated by dyspnea as much as 19 (61.3%), fever 16 (5.6%), low O2 saturation 12 (38.4%) and a chest X-ray of pneumonia 26 (83.9%). There was a significant relationship (P<0.05) between IL-6 levels with clinical features and chest X-rays. The R-value on the thorax with pneumonia (0.692), lesion area (0.711) and clinical features with temperature (0.906), respiratory rate (0.706) indicated a strong correlation, while O2 (-0.732) indicated a strong negative correlation.
Conclusion. There is a significantly strong correlation between Interleukin 6 levels with clinical features and chest X-rays in patients with COVID-19
Left Ventricular Thrombus in Old Myocardial Infarction
Get PDFBackground. Left ventricular thrombus is a major risk factor for systemic thromboembolism, a complication of acute and chronic myocardial infarction. The high incidence of left ventricular thrombus in untreated acute myocardial infarction patients can be described in the pre-thrombolytic era. Left ventricular thrombus occurred in 7-46% of cases, especially in anterior or apical myocardial infarction.
Case presentation. A 57-year-old man is reported with complaints of shortness of breath and a history of chest pain typical of angina, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. On electrocardiographic examination, infrequent premature ventricular contraction and anterior extensive old myocardial infarction were found. Transthoracic echocardiography examination revealed protuberant thrombi at the apex of the left ventricle with a size of 14 x 15 mm, left ventricular ejection fraction of 20%, and akinetic at extensive anterior, anterior, anterolateral, broad apical, inferoseptal, and inferior segments.
Conclusion. Untreated acute myocardial infarction has a high risk of developing left ventricular thrombus. Intravenous unfractional heparin and VKA in left ventricular thrombus patients with an increased risk of embolism respond well
Profile of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer and Malignant Melanoma at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang from 2017 - 2019: A Retrospective Study
Get PDFBackground: Currently, there is an increasing trend in skin cancer incidence, especially non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), also malignant melanoma (MM), causing an increase in morbidity and mortality rates. The high treatment cost causes an economic burden of disease in the country and negatively impacts public health issues. This study aimed to determine the profile of NMSC and MM regarding the sex, age, occupation, location of the lesion, clinicohistopathological diagnosis of skin cancer in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang January 2017-December 2019.
Methods: A retrospective analytical observational study obtained from medical records of NMSC and MM patients in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang from January 2017-December 2019 as confirmed using histopathological results from the Pathology Department.
Results: There were 324 new cases of NMSC and MM, including BCC 162 cases (50%) and SCC 130 cases (40.1%), whereas MM 32 cases (9.9%). Women had a higher probability of developing skin cancer with a ratio of 1.13:1. The average age of skin cancer was between 55-64 years old (33.6%), with a mean age of 57 years old. There was a statistically significant relationship between gender, age, occupation, and areas of skin cancer against skin cancer. Furthermore, overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is related to high-risk occupations, including farmers (50%), while the most frequent location of skin cancer was the face (67.3%).
Conclusion: Our study implicated a 1.5-fold increase in new cases of skin cancer between 2017 to 2019. BCC cases were more prevalent than SCC and MM cases. There was also a significant association between skin cancer and occupation also the location of skin cancer as the risk factor for UV exposure. Nevertheless, further research involving larger samples or a multicenter approach is needed
Potential of Hydrogel Acemannan Aloe Vera (Aloe vera) on Wound Healing After Tooth Extraction In vivo Via Regulation of Inflammatory Response
Get PDFBackground: Tooth extraction is a surgical procedure that involves hard tissue such as bone and soft tissue. Wounds on soft tissue are then followed by a healing process that occurs through three phases, namely the inflammatory phase, the proliferative phase, and the remodeling phase. Acemannan has the ability to stimulate hematopoiesis and antioxidant effects. Acemannan is able to reduce inflammation through prostaglandin synthesis and increase leukocyte infiltration and play a significant role in the oral wound healing process.
Methods: This study is an in vivo experimental study. A total of 30 rats (5 each/group) were divided into groups that received 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, povidone-iodine, and carbopol acemannan Aloe vera hydrogel. Furthermore, the number of macrophage cells in the tissue after tooth extraction was assessed. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS with ANOVA and post hoc LSD tests.
Results: There was a significant difference between the application of acemannan 1% hydrogel and 4% acemannan hydrogel, 8%, povidone-iodine, and carbopol, between the application of acemannan 2% hydrogel 4% acemannan hydrogel, 8%, povidone-iodine and carbopol, applications acemannan hydrogel 8% with carbopol, and between povidone-iodine and carbopol (p≤0.05).
Conclusion: Acemannan Aloe vera hydrogel is able to accelerate wound healing after tooth extraction in vivo by suppressing macrophage cell activity
Talipes Equinovarus (TEV) and VACTERL Associated Anomalies: Narrative Literature Review
Get PDFClubfoot or known as Talipes Equinovarus (TEV), is a common anomaly in world population of newborn. This condition was reported in many studies as isolated anomaly but may come with other associated congenital anomalies. This review aims to further discuss the classification of TEV, its etiopathogenesis and how to diagnosis with all kind of VACTERL associated anomaly together with TEV. Many studies show a range of incidence between 1.1-4.5 per 1000 live birth per year and there is a chance of its condition followed by multiple congenital anomalies. Even though, this anomaly was an idiopathic condition, but still there is multifactorial etiology for its in which revealed through many studies also. Nevertheless, the orthopedic management of TEV with or without other congenital conditions still continue to develop to make a better improvement for the patients