Bioscientia Medicina - Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
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Epilepsy as a Presenting Symptom of Covid-19 in a Tertiary Private Hospital in Northern Mexico
Get PDFBackground. Various manifestations of COVID-19 have been described in patients, including neurological. Few studies describe seizures as a presenting symptom. This study was aimed to identify clinical characteristics, type of epilepsy and electroencephalographic findings in patients with epilepsy as a presenting symptom of COVID-19 in a tertiary private hospital.
Methods. Descriptive, retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria were patients with epilepsy as a presenting symptom of COVID-19 confirmed with Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV2 by nasopharyngeal swab from March 2020-July 2021 in a tertiary private hospital. Study variables were age, gender, type of epilepsy, comorbidities and electroencephalographic findings. It was classified into three groups: acute symptomatic seizures, onset of epilepsy, and uncontrolled epilepsy. Information was captured in Excel and analyzed in SPSS.
Results. Of 203,987 patientes with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 in Nuevo León until July 2021, 10 patients (0.004%) were included with seizures. Two patients had acute symptomatic seizures (20%), four patients had onset seizures (40%) and four patients (40%) had uncontrolled epilepsy with an average epilepsy evolution time of 15.75 years. Focal seizures were predominant in 63%. Electroencephalogram was abnormal in 90% (50% focal frontotemporal sharp waves, 20% encephalopathic, 20% generalized spike wave). Two patients (20%) had status epilepticus.
Conclusion. This study is important in order to carry out early detection in suspects or with a previous neurological history and to avoid the spread of the coronavirus
Characteristics of Endometriosis Patients in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital on 2018 to 2020
Get PDFBackground. Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. The prevalence of endometriosis is not known with certainty because it is necessary to perform a laparoscopy to confirm the diagnosis of endometriosis and is usually found during examination for other indications. This study aims to explore the characteristics of endometriosis patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang.
Methods. This research is descriptive observational research. The research data were obtained from the medical records of endometriosis patients treated at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang from 2018 to 2020.
Results. Of the 105 sample data studied, the most distribution of endometriosis patients was in the reproductive age group (15-49 years) (99%), menarche 12-14 years (67.6%), the location of endometriosis in the ovaries (58.1%), status indoor workers (99%), marital status (85.7%), fertile (43.8%), and infertile patients (41.9%), the chief complaint of dysmenorrhea (66.7%), stage IV disease (63, 8%), nullipara (60%), surgical management (79%).
Conclusion. Most of the characteristics of endometriosis patients were in the reproductive age group (15 – 49 years), menarche 12-14 years, endometriosis location in the ovary, indoor worker status, marital status, infertility, the main complaint of dysmenorrhea, stage IV disease, nullipara, surgical treatment
Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction (Adynamic Ileus) after Cesarean Section: A Case Series
Get PDFBackground. Maternal mortality is still high. The case that we will report below is an example of cases that can be happened in the hospital and can be ended with maternal mortality.
Case presentation. A 30 years old disabled primigravida with ileus post- Caesarean Section day 5 was managed by relaparotomy and partial resection of caecum and ileum due to intestinal perforation, and die on the fifth days after relaparotomy due to sepsis. A-33 years old secundigravida with history of relaparotomy on 4 days after caesarean delivery in the first pregnancy due to ileus, was performed re-caesarean section due to unprogressed labor. Twelve hours after the operation the abdomen becomes distended and can be managed successfully by conservative early diagnosis management. A 29 years old primigravida has performed caesarean section with history of myomectomy 3 years ago. Twenty four hours after Caesarean Section, the abdomen becomes distended and early conservative management was done, but at 72 hours after the operation, there was intestinal perforation and performed colostomy.
Conclusion. Acute colonic pseudoobstructive after caesarean section is a rare case, and delayed diagnosis and management increase the morbidity and mortality
Human Papillomavirus High-risk Type Infection on Perianal Giant Condyloma Acuminatum
Get PDFBackground: Giant condyloma acuminatum (GCA) is a large form of condyloma acuminatum that become locally invasive, destructive, but non-metastasizing, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Giant condyloma is a rare disease, with only 0.1% incidence in the general population. Most commonly caused by HPV type 6 and 11 infections, in this case, reported HPV high-risk type.
Case presentation: A 20-years-old man, the main complaint is enlarging, easy bleeding perianal tumor with pruritus and constipation for 2 months. Physical examination found skin-colored, verrucous surface. Some have smooth surface, cauliflower-like tumor on perianal region, size 7x4x2cm. Syphilis and HIV Serology laboratory tests are non-reactive. Koilocytes appear on histopathologic examination. High-risk HPV type detected on HPV genotyping. This patient was diagnosed as GCA. Topical agent 25% podophyllin tincture applied to the lesions once a week. Improvement appears after eighth-time therapy.
Discussion: High-risk type HPV infection, detected in the patient, have an important role in GCA development. Decreased immune system and other risk factors also have a role in GCA
Pseudophakic Retinal Detachment: A Narrative Review
Get PDFCataract surgery causes changes in intraocular conditions that are a risk factor for retinal detachment. One of the conditions that can occur during cataract surgery is posterior capsule rupture which can increase the risk of pseudophakic retinal detachment (PRD). PRD examination is often obstructed by opacification of the posterior capsule, a reflection of the intraocular lens (IOL), or poor mydriasis. Scleral buckle, pneumatic retinopexy, and primary pars plana vitrectomy, with or without a combination of the scleral buckle, are surgical techniques used in the management of PRD patients. Anatomical and functional postoperative success rates in PRD patients were found to be higher after primary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with or without a scleral buckle. This literature review aims to discuss the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and management of PRD
The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves on the Macrophage Count and VEGF Expression on Wistar Rats with Burn Wound
Get PDFBackground: One modality type of burn wound therapy is topical silver sulfadiazine. Recently, research about topical herb medicine has grown. Moringa oleifera (MO) is a kind of herb plant that has an anti-inflammation effect and has an influence on angiogenesis, so it tends to faster burn wound healing. This study aimed to prove the effect of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves on the macrophage count and VEGF expression in Wistar rats with burn wounds.
Methods: The research design that was used is "Randomized post-test with a control group." The study population used 24 male Wistar rats that were induced burn wounds and randomly divided into 4 groups which were given medicine topically once daily for 7 days. Treatment groups included: I (MO leaves extract 10%), II (SSD + MO leaves extract 10%), III (SSD), dan IV (pure vehiculum). Exudation was assessed macroscopically, while PMN and macrophage amount were assessed microscopically with Hematoxylin-Eosin. Data were analyzed and processed using hypothesis test One Way ANOVA – Post Hoc Bonferroni, Kruskal Wallis – Mann Whitney, and correlation test Spearman and Pearson with SPSS 25.0 program.
Results: Significant difference obtained in macrophage amount between II group and IV group (p 0,000). There was no significant difference in VEGF expression. There was also no correlation between macrophage amount and VEGF expression.
Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves extract proved to be effective in decreasing macrophage cell count on Wistar rats with burn wounds
Effectiveness Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) in Children Based on Clinical Symptoms
Get PDFBackground: Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in children is still a challenge because the gold standard by examining sputum AFB is difficult. This study aimed to see the effectiveness of diagnosing TB in children based on clinical symptoms.
Methods: This study is a retrospective study with a case-control design, and consecutive sampling from the medical records of pediatric TB patients at Panembahan Senopati Hospital, Bantul for the period January 2014 - December 2016. The total population is 90, and the sample is 73. Children diagnosed with a score (score 6) are in the control group (n=30), while children with a diagnosis score of <6 were diagnosed with pulmonary TB based on clinical symptoms, we categorized them into the case group (n=43).
Results: There was no difference in gender, age, and group domicile. However, there was no significant difference in nutritional status (malnutrition), long cough, and chest X-ray. The difference between the two groups was found in symptoms of fever and enlarged lymph nodes. Also, it was found in TB contacts and the Mantoux test but this could be a recall bias because in the diagnosis group this is rarely done. The sequential scoring parameters from the most common were chest X-ray, malnutrition, cough, enlargement of lymph nodes, fever, contact TB, and the Mantoux test. Improvement of symptoms (cough, fever, lymph nodes, and chest X-ray) after 6 months of therapy occurred 100% in both groups.
Conclusion: The diagnosis of TB in children based on clinical symptoms can be used as an effective alternative.
 
Factors Related to the Incidence of Dysphagia in Patients Using Tracheal Cannula at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang
Get PDFBackground: The need for tracheostomy increases during the coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, some studies suggest that tracheostomy causes dysphagia which can lead to other health problems such as pneumonia, choking, weight loss, malnutrition, and dehydration with serious side effects. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of dysphagia in patients using a tracheal cannula.
Methods: This study is an observational study using a cross-sectional design. Data collection was carried out using medical record data on 58 patients who used a tracheal cannula recorded in the medical record data for the FEES examination at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang from January 2019 to September 2021. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square, and multiple logistic regression.
Results: Of 58 patients who used a tracheal cannula, it was found that 75.9% had dysphagia. The results of the comparison test showed that the factors associated with the incidence of dysphagia were gender (p=0.001), nutritional status (p=0.013), incision location (p=0.043), and primary disease (p=0.021). Factors that were not associated with the incidence of dysphagia were age (p=0.933), tracheostomy indication (p=0.741), and the type of tracheal cannula (p=1,000). Patients are male, with low and high tracheal cannula incision locations, and have a primary neurological disease. The probability or chance of dysphagia is 79.8%.
Conclusion: Tracheostomy can cause dysphagia which is influenced by gender, location of tracheal cannula incision, and primary disease
The Effect of Combination of Green Tea and Roselle Extract on Morphology and Motility of Spermatozoa in Rats Induced by Monosodium Glutamate
Get PDFBackground: Infertility is a reproductive system problem and has been increasing recently. One of the reasons is the poor quality of spermatozoa, which can be assessed through its morphology and motility. Excessive consumption of MSG can affect the quality of spermatozoa. The provision of a combination of green tea and roselle extract, which is an antioxidant and is expected to be able to counteract the effects of MSG’s free radicals on spermatozoa. The objective of the study is to determine the morphology and motility of Wistar Rats’ spermatozoa in the control group given MSG and in the experimental group given MSG and a combination of green tea and roselle extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg/day for 14 days.
Methods: Fifteen Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, a control group with MSG, group 1 with MSG and a combination of green tea and roselle extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW/day (P1), and group 2 with MSG and combination green tea and roselle extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW/day (P2). After 14 days of treatment, the morphology and motility of the spermatozoa of each mouse were studied and assessed microscopically.
Results: In the morphological study, the control group had the lowest normal value and the highest abnormal value among all groups. Meanwhile, the P1 group had the highest normal and lowest abnormal values compared to the other two groups.
Conclusion: The administration of a combination of green tea and roselle extract improved the morphology and motility of Wistar rats’ spermatozoa. However, an increased dose of a combination of green tea and roselle extract was not proven to affect the morphology and motility of Wistar rats' spermatozoa
The Relationship between CC Ligand 5 Plasma Levels and Modic Changes in Low Back Pain Patients’ Severity
Get PDFBackground: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the global health problems. The most common cause of LBP is disc degeneration. Modic changes (MC) are the most common MRI features in patients with disc degeneration. As a result of cartilage and disc tissue damage, CCL 5 is released and modulates pain responses in the dorsal root ganglion. This study aims to determine the relationship between CCL5 levels and the description of Modic changes on MRI with pain levels in patients with low back pain.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. The research subjects were LBP patients who were treated at the Neurology Polyclinic, Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, in the range of March 2021-December 2021, who meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects will be taken blood to assess CCL5 plasma levels, pain assessment using the McGill Pain Questionnaire, and undergo an MRI examination.
Results: A total of 52 subjects consisted of 23 men and 29 women with an age range of 34-77 years. Most of the Modic changes were found in the type 2 group. Based on the pain scale, there were two groups with mild pain and moderate pain. On examination of plasma CCL 5 levels, the median value of plasma CCL5 levels was 303,271 ng/L. There was a significant relationship between plasma CCL5 levels and pain levels in patients with low back pain (p = 0.004). There was no significant relationship between Modic changes and the severity of pain.
Conclusion: Plasma CCL5 levels are associated with pain levels in patients with low back pain, while Modic changes are not associated with pain severity