Bioscientia Medicina - Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
Not a member yet
1245 research outputs found
Sort by
Recent Evidence on Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review
Get PDFThe pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is broad, ranging from an asymptomatic carrier state to severe disease leading to the death penalty. There is also emerging evidence that kidneys are affected early in COVID-19. Proteinuria and haematuria have been reported in 44% and 26.7% on admission, respectively. This literature review shows clinical manifestations of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a patient with COVID-19 infection. Literature reviews are carried out on various sources found on Google Scholar and Pubmed to search for articles, journal research, case reports, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and textbooks. Various studies demonstrate the possibility of coronavirus infecting the kidney with several mechanisms such as cytokine storm syndrome (CSS), direct viral infection, and imbalance of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS). Haematuria and proteinuria are associated with higher mortality and may signify aggressive disease early. Thus all patients should have a baseline urinalysis. There is a number of different causes of AKI in COVID-19, and some mechanisms by which COVID-19 affects kidneys remain unclear
Hypertension as Comorbidity in Pemphigus Vulgaris Patients: A Case Series
Get PDFBackground: Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is a chronic autoimmune bullous disease characterized by flaccid blisters on the skin and mucous membrane. This study aimed to report a serial case of PV followed by hypertension as comorbidity.
Case presentation: Four patients, 2 males, and 2 females were hospitalized due to PV. All of these patients also suffer from hypertension, but only 2 patients take antihypertension. Drugs relatively, histopathology features of all patients revealed a cleft above the basal epidermal layer with a tombstone appearance. Pemphigus vulgaris can be accompanied by hypertension as comorbidity, but its pathogenesis is unclear. A low level of programmed cell death 1 (PD1) in PV patients promotes downregulating protective factors, including T regulator (Treg) cells. In addition, decreasing the PD1 level may cause apoptosis and inflammation process in the vascular endothelial, which may lead to hypertension.
Conclusion: Pemphigus vulgaris is significantly associated with hypertension
Scabies in the Elderly: A Narrative Literature Review
Get PDFScabies is an ectoparasite infestation of the skin caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. In diagnosing scabies in the elderly, the practitioner should consider the overall clinical picture, including history, physical examination, and diagnostic tools to assist in making clinical decisions. In this population, early diagnosis and treatment of scabies are essential to prevent secondary infection and sepsis. Treatments that can be given to scabies in the elderly include eradication of mites, treatment of symptoms and complications, and therapy in close contact to prevent transmission. This literature review aims to discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of scabies in the elderly
Diagnosis and Management of Malignant Pleural Effusion: A Narrative Literature Review
Get PDFMalignant pleural effusion (MPE) is defined as an effusion that occurs in association with malignancy, as evidenced by the finding of malignant cells on pleural fluid cytology or pleural biopsy. The pathophysiology of MPE is not yet clear, but several hypotheses have been developed to explain the mechanism of MPE. Accumulation of effusion in the pleural cavity occurs due to increased vascular permeability due to the inflammatory reaction caused by the infiltration of cancer cells in the parietal and/or visceral pleura. Other possible mechanisms are the direct invasion of the tumor adjacent to the pleura, obstruction of the lymph nodes, hematogenous spread, and primary pleural tumor. Pleural fluid from a malignant process is usually an exudate. To distinguish between exudate and transudate is to assess the protein and LDH levels of the pleural fluid. Hemorrhagic pleural fluid with a red blood cell count >100,000/mm3 suggests an MPE. Pleural fluid glucose levels at low < 60 mg/dl at about 15-20% MPE. The definitive diagnosis of MPE is by finding malignant cells in the pleural fluid (cytology) or pleural tissue (pathological histology). Management of malignant pleural effusions is principally palliative. Management that is often done in cases of MPE is therapeutic thoracentesis, pleurodesis, drainage with long-term indwelling catheter, manufacture of the pleuroperitoneal shunt, intrapleural therapy, and radiotherapy
Comparison of the Success Rate of Radial Arterial Cannulation with Palpation Techniques and Ultrasound Guidance in Patients Undergoing Major Surgery with General Anesthesia
Get PDFBackground: Ultrasound-guided arterial cannulation has the potential to increase the total success rate and first attempt and reduce complications compared to conventional landmark palpation methods. This study aims to compare the success rate of radial artery cannula with palpation techniques and ultrasound guidance in patients undergoing major surgery under general anesthesia.
Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial singly. The inclusion criteria for this study were patients who underwent both emergency and elective surgery under general anesthesia, aged >18 years, with ASA I and II physical status. The study sample (60 people) was randomized by computer and divided into two groups (ultrasound guidance and palpation technique). The study will assess the success of the first insertion of the radial artery cannula in both groups. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 25 univariate and bivariate.
Results: There is a significant relationship with the success of the first attempt at an ultrasound-guided cannula trial with a p-value of 0.045 with an odds ratio of 3.33 with a 95% confidence interval (0.998 – 11.139).
Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided arterial cannulation has a better success rate and fewer complications than conventional palpation techniques. 
Benefits of Conventional Chemotherapy in Progressive Disease Patients with Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground. Mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small cell lung carcinoma is a favorable predictive factor for targeted EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, but patients with EGFR-mutated lung cancer who are given EGFR-TKI will experience disease progression after average 10 to 14 months on average. This study aims to describe a case of progressive lung adenocarcinoma and its chemotherapy treatment.
Case presentation: A 54 years old woman who came with stage IV left lung adenocarcinoma (exon 21 mutation) who had received EGFR TKI for 17 months progressed, so the treatment was shifted to systemic chemotherapy. Based on these diagnostic results, the patient was diagnosed with progressive disease T3N1M1c left lung adenocarcinoma (pleura, contralateral nodule, ribs, suprarenal) Stage IVb PS ECOG 0. The patient was then treated with conventional doublet-platinum-based chemotherapy with the Carboplatin-Paclitaxel combination.
Conclusion: Systemic chemotherapy with doublet-platinum is an option in patients with progressive adenocarcinoma with EGFR-TKI who cannot obtain tissue for histopathological examination at rebiopsy or do not have access to advanced molecular biology (e.g., T790M) or follow-up therapy (third-generation TKI, osimertinib)
Utilization of Silica Nanoparticles from Rice Husks for Improving the Mechanical Properties of Dental Materials: A Literature Review
Get PDFRice husk is a waste product whose utilization is not optimal in Indonesia. Rice husks contain organic materials in the form of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin; and minerals in the form of silica, alkali, and trace elements. The silica content in rice husks is very high, ranging from 87-97% to other minerals. Silica nanoparticles from rice husks were synthesized through various methods, including the sol-gel method, the combustion method, and the combination method, to obtain the purity and size of the silica particles up to the manometer scale. Mixing silica nanoparticles from rice husk to dental material at a certain concentration is effective in producing better mechanical properties. Silica nanoparticles synthesized from rice husks have the potential as fillers and reinforcements that can improve the mechanical properties of dental materials. Besides that, the price is more economical because the raw materials come from Indonesian natural waste. This literature review aims to describe the method of synthesizing silica nanoparticles from rice husks and their effectiveness in improving the mechanical properties of dental materials
Pulse Dose Corticosteroid Therapy in Vitiligo: A Narrative Literature Review
Get PDFVitiligo is an idiopathic skin depigmentation disorder with clinical symptoms of macules and depigmented patches on the skin. Vitiligo is a multifactorial disorder associated with genetic and non-genetic. There are two types of vitiligo: non-segmental and segmental vitiligo. The type of vitiligo can be determined based on physical examination and affects the disease course, prognosis, and therapy response. Vitiligo management is still a challenge on its own because the etiology is not clear, and many factors must be considered in the vitiligo treatment. Vitiligo management greatly varies depending on the activity and the disease expansion. The goals of vitiligo treatment include stopping disease progression, increasing repigmentation, and preventing recurrence. Vitiligo therapy options vary widely, but none have been effective in treating vitiligo with a high recurrence rate. One of the vitiligo treatment options is systemic corticosteroids given in pulse doses bringing the effect of decreasing the vitiligo progression and minimizing side effects. This literature review aims to determine the use of pulse dose corticosteroid therapy in vitiligo
Pulmonary Embolism: A Narrative Literature Review
Get PDFPulmonary embolism (PE) is a pulmonary emergency that is quite common with various clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic to life-threatening. The incidence of pulmonary embolism is reported to be 1 per 1000 population, with 50,000 deaths per year. Making the diagnosis is difficult because the symptoms vary widely in each patient. Management of acute pulmonary embolism is carried out with a systematic approach involving early intervention, patient risk stratification, selection of therapy, and determination of the length of treatment
Relationship between CD-8 Expression to Treatment Response in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patient After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang
Get PDFBackground. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common malignancy in head and neck in Indonesia with 19,943 new cases in 2020 resulting 13,399 deaths. Lymphocytes are cells that play a role in the anti-cancer immune response, especially CD-8 T-cells. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is chemotherapy given before radiotherapy that aims to kill primary tumors and micrometastasis tumors. This study aims to find out the relationship of CD-8 expression to treatment response in NPC undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang.
Methods. This study is an analytical observational research study on a retrospective cohort basis. Data collection from medical records using total sampling in 15 patients pilot study of NPC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and conducted CD-8 examination at ORLHNS polyclinic Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang from December 2018 to December 2019 that met the criteria of inclusion and exclusion.
Results. From 15 samples, the average CD-8 test result before neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 24.54 ng/μL and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 193.56 ng/μL. There was a tendency to increase the average CD-8 from before to after completion of neoadjuvan chemotherapy with a statistically significant difference of p =0.001. ROC analysis found CD-8 cut off points is 23.76 ng/μL with an area below the curve is 0.667. There were no significant relationships between CD-8 to performance status and treatment response with p values of 0.289 and 0.219, respectively.
Conclusions. There was a significant change between CD-8 before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with increased CD-8 tendencies and trends from before to after 6 series neoadjuvant chemotherapy with CD-8 cut off points is 23.76 ng/μL. In this study there has not been a significant relationships between CD-8 to performance status and treatment response in NPC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy