Bioscientia Medicina - Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
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Association of Early Drain Removal with Formation of Seroma in Breast Cancer Patients After Modified Radical Mastectomy
Get PDFBackground: The installation of drainage after MRM surgery has been aimed at reducing seroma formation. However, when the drain should be removed has not been studied well. This study aims to determine the association of early drain removal with seroma formation.
Methods: A nested cohort study was conducted on 40 breast cancer patients undergoing MRM surgery. Patients were divided into 2 groups; off-drain day I and day III post-surgery. Seroma formation was assessed 7 days after the patient was discharged.
Results: Seroma formation seven days after discharge occurs in 25 of the total 40 patients (62.5%). There was no difference in seroma incidence between groups of patients on the off-drain day I and day III seven days after discharge (65% vs. 60%) (p 1,000) or the number of seromas (157.31 +120.00 ml vs. 149.58 + 110.00 ml) (p 0.437).
Conclusion: Removing the drain faster does not reduce the incidence and number of seromas seven days after discharge
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Comorbid with Malnutrition in Siblings
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of the metabolic homeostasis controlled by insulin, resulting in abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic conditions in children. This study aims to describe two cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus accompanied by malnutrition in children at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang.
Case presentation: The case series describes two cases of diabetes mellitus type one with comorbid undernutrition. Both patients had a family history of diabetes mellitus. And their sibling died because of diabetes type 1. Grandmother and grandfather from the father's side had diabetes. The management of this disease consists of the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus and its complications and accompanying malnutrition.
Conclusion: The management of type 1 diabetes mellitus includes the administration of insulin according to the monitoring of blood sugar levels and the management of comorbid diseases that accompany it. Education about the use of insulin and diabetes diet patterns is very important for parents and children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Disseminated Herpes Zoster in Elderly with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Disseminated herpes zoster (HZ) is one of the complications of HZ in the form of the appearance of the main lesion accompanied by the spread of solitary vesicles on the body. This condition occurs in 2% of the general population and 15-30% of immunodeficient patients, such as the elderly and HIV infection.
Case presentation: A 64-year-old man came with the complaint of rashes all over his body four days ago. Vesicles and erosions are multiple in 1 dermatome and are discrete and scattered throughout the body on dermatological examination. The diagnosis of disseminated HZ, in this case, was established based on history, physical examination, and Tzank examination. HZ spread is less common and is characterized by the appearance of more than 20 vesicles or more than 2 consecutive dermatomes. Old age and HIV infection are immunocompromised conditions causing reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus and other infections. The patient received oral acyclovir, vitamins B1, B6, and B12, salicylic powder and topical fusidic acid, antiretrovirals (ARVs), azithromycin, intraoral cotrimoxazole, ceftriaxone, and intravenous fluconazole for 10 days. Skin lesions improved in 10 days without complications.
Conclusion: Disseminated HZ in HIV patients should be considered because of complications, recurrence, more difficult with a treat, and a higher risk of acyclovir resistance
The Relationship between Accurate Use of Antibiotics and Clinical Improvement of Sepsis in Neonates Using the Gyssens Method in the Perinatology Ward of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Inappropriate use of antibiotics causes an increase in antibiotic resistance, so the Gyssens method is needed, which is a qualitative method and is used to evaluate the use of antibiotics. This study aims to determine the relationship between the accuracy of the use of antibiotics using the Gyssens method on the clinical improvement of neonates in the Perinatology Ward of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang, Indonesia.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional conducted from January 2020 to December 2020. The study subjects were 67 neonates diagnosed with sepsis in the perinatology ward of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang Indonesia. Data analysis was performed with SPSS for univariate and bivariate analysis.
Results: Most neonatal sepsis occurs in male infants who have low birth weight. Most cultures do not grow. There was an improvement in clinical and hematological parameters to the administration of first-line, second-line, and culture-appropriate antibiotics according to the Gyssens method, but statistically not significant (p-value > 0.05). The rational use of antibiotics was 89.6%.
Conclusion: There is a relationship between the accuracy of antibiotic use on clinical improvement and blood parameters of neonatal sepsis patients in the Perinatology ward of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital based on the Gyssens method, but it is not statistically significant. The use of antibiotics based on the Gyssens method at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital is quite good
Correlation of IL-17 Serum Levels with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Degree of Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Rheumatoid arthritis (AR) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic and progressive systemic inflammation, in which the joints are the main target. AR has long been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Vascular inflammation plays an important role in atherosclerosis. In AR, there is an increase in IL-17, which accelerate the formation of atherosclerosis. In Indonesia alone, there is no data that publishes the correlation between IL-17 levels with carotid IMT and the severity of AR.
Methods: This type of research is a descriptive observational study with a correlation test approach. A total of 31 subjects participated in this study who were AR patients and calculated a DAS score of 28. Carotid IMT was measured by high-resolution carotid Doppler ultrasound B-mode ultrasound machine (PHILIPS, iE33) equipped with an 11 MHz linear array transducer. IL-17 was measured by the ELISA method. Data analysis was performed with a correlation test with SPSS software version 25.
Results: There was a strong positive correlation between IL-17 and the degree of disease activity in AR (DAS28 score) with r = 0.657; p = 0.0001; n=31. There was no significant correlation between carotid IMT and IL-17 levels (r= 0,207; p=0,264; n=31).
Conclusion: There is a strong positive correlation between IL-17 and the degree of AR disease activity. There was no significant correlation between carotid IMT and IL-17 levels
Effect of Okra Fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus) Extract on Adenocarcinoma Mammae by Assessing Caspase-3 Expression and Apoptosis Index: An In Vivo Study
Get PDFBackground: Breast cancer is cancer in women with the highest incidence. Adriamycin-cyclophosphamide (AC) chemotherapy is a breast cancer therapy with good efficacy, but its effectiveness has not been maximized. The okra fruit extract is known to have anti-cancer effects from lectins, so it can be used as a complementary chemotherapy therapy to increase effectiveness with minimal side effects.
Methods: This study is an experimental study using female rats Sprague Dawley strain, aged 4 weeks, were induced by DMBA to form mammary adenocarcinoma cells. Divided into groups; control (K): no treatment, treatment 1 (P1): AC chemotherapy (adriamycin 1.5 mg/time and cyclophosphamide 15 mg/time), treatment 2 (P2): okra extract 150 mg/kgBW/day, and treatment 3 (P3): combination of AC and okra extract.
Results: The highest levels of caspase-3 and apoptosis index were found in the P3 group at 39.66±1.78 and 20.93±1.67, respectively. Giving green okra extract to chemotherapy agents can increase the anti-cancer effect by increasing the apoptosis index and caspase-3 levels significantly (p<0.05) compared to other groups.
Conclusion: Okra fruit extract was able to increase the apoptosis response to adriamycin-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in vivo, as indicated by the high expression of caspase-3 and apoptosis index
Chronic Kidney Disease Related to Cognitive Disorders in the Elderly: A Narrative Literature Review
Get PDFChronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by progressive and irreversible kidney damage, leading to the inability of the kidneys to perform their functions. Chronic kidney disease causes hypertension, anemia, vascular dysfunction, uremia, proteinuria, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress associated with cognitive impairment. Age is a population group aged 60 years or more at risk of experiencing health problems and the consequences associated with CKD. One of the common comorbidities experienced by elderly patients with CKD is cognitive impairment. Current treatment options for CKD with cognitive impairment aimed at common risk factors, including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), SGLT-2 inhibitors., GLP-1 RA, and DPP-4 inhibitors. Other interventions, such as erythropoietin (EPO) compensation and reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress, can help improve patients' clinical symptoms. This literature review aims to describe the relationship between chronic kidney disease and cognitive disorders that occur in the elderly
Airway Stent in Lung Cancer: A Narrative Literature Review
Get PDFLung cancer complications are the leading cause of death in lung cancer patients. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of stent placement, indications for stent placement, success and complication rates, and prognosis of airway stent placement in patients with lung cancer. Malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO) is one of the significant complications. Insertion of airway stent can restore airway patency in more than 90% of patients with MCAO. Airway stent placement is indicated in patients with extrinsic lesions, obstruction of ≥ 50%, have patent airway below the obstruction, and are not in the terminal state. The technical success was reported to be very high and consistent with the range of 95-100%. Early complications were relatively rare; however, up to 87% of long-term complications were reported. Stent placement is a risk factor for lower respiratory tract infection, an adverse prognostic factor in lung cancer survival. Airway stents should be indicated and used with caution and discretion. With the advancement and development of technology, various materials and types of airway stents are being developed to minimize adverse outcomes
Advancement Flap for Removing Seborrheic Keratosis on the Helix of Ear: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Seborrheic keratoses are benign intraepidermal neoplasms arising from epidermal keratinocytes. Age and UV exposure have a role in the course of the disease. Seborrheic keratosis consists of several types of cells, and transformation into various epithelial tumors originating from the same cell type can occur. Therefore, basal cell carcinoma may arise from the basaloid cells, which is the most commonly reported malignant neoplasm in seborrheic keratosis. Various treatment modalities are available to treat seborrheic keratoses. We report a case report of seborrheic keratosis resembling basal cell carcinoma and treated using surgical excision with the advancement flap technique.
Case presentation: A 76-year-old man came with complaints of itchy, blackish-brown lumps on his left ear 3 months ago. On examination of the dermatological status on the helix auricula sinistra, there was a solitary nodule of blackish brown color with a diameter of 1cm x 1cm x 1cm and an ulcer with an uneven surface, well-defined, telangiectatic (+). An examination of the biopsy showed the results of seborrheic keratosis, keratotic type. The management of this case is excision with an advancement flap.
Conclusion: Seborrheic keratosis is one of the most common benign skin tumors that occur in old age. Excision with an advancement flap showed good clinical improvement
Differences in Anxiety in Second and Third Year Medical Undergraduate Students Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Get PDFBackground: Anxiety is a condition in which a person experiences concern about an unpleasant event that will occur in the future. Medical students tend to experience anxiety during their studies. This study was attributable to the differences in anxiety in second and third-year medical students at the Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Methods: This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The research will be conducted online using a self-reported questionnaire. Respondents' level of anxiety was measured by the general anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire. Analysis of the data used is using the Mann-Whitney test method.
Results: Of the total 109 respondents, the majority had a mild level of anxiety, with a total of 45 people. The majority of respondents are third-year students (59%), female (76%), and over 20 years old (69%). After analyzing using the Mann-Whitney Test between the GAD-7 score and the year of study, the p-value was 0.622.
Conclusion: There is no difference in the level of anxiety in the second and third-year undergraduate medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada