Bioscientia Medicina - Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
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Adverse Skin Reaction to Hand Hygiene and Personal Protective Equipment among Health-Care Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang
Get PDFBackground: Indonesian health-care workers (HCWs) are at the front liners battling against the Coronavirus-2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic since March 2020 and must protect themselves by hand hygiene and using personal protective equipment (PPE). Hand hygiene and the use of PPE are associated with an adverse skin reactions. This study aimed to find out the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors for adverse skin reactions to hand hygiene and PPE among HCWs in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire-based survey among HCWs in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang on April 1-30, 2022. The data were collected, including demographic characteristics, occupational-related characteristics, and adverse skin reactions.
Results: The study included 134 respondents, the majority of the respondents were female (57,5%), with a mean age was 31,18 ± 4,89 years old. Adverse skin reactions were reported only on 16,4% of respondents. Hands (40,9%) were the most common site affected. The highest symptom and lesion were itch (54,5%), erythema (59,1%) and scales (59,1%). There was a significant association between adverse skin reactions to hand hygiene (p <0,001) and PPE (p = 0,001) before and during the pandemic. However, adverse skin reactions were not associated with increased frequency of hand hygiene and duration of PPE worn. History of pre-existing inflammatory skin condition is the risk factor for adverse skin reactions to hand hygiene and PPE.
Conclusion: Adverse skin reactions to hand hygiene and PPE are increasing among Indonesian HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic
The Role of Psychological Stress in Psoriasis: A Narrative Literature Review
Get PDFPsoriasis is a chronic, persistent skin disease characterized by characteristic lesions in the form of well-defined erythematous patches covered by thick white, shiny scales resembling wax droplets. Psoriasis has a psychological, social, and emotional impact. Psychological stress has also been shown to influence the disease and course of psoriasis. Therapy in psoriasis patients with psychological stress can be given pharmacologically and psychologically. Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis using the Goeckerman regimen for psoriasis showed significant improvements in anxiety and depression scores. Psychological therapies such as relaxation therapy and meditation are able to control the emotions that trigger stress and reduce the appearance and severity of psoriasis. This literature review aims to describe the impact of psychological stress on psoriasis patients so as to increase awareness to detect psychological stress and provide appropriate treatment
Antibacterial Potential of Methanol Extract of Red Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) Against Salmonella typhi
Get PDFBackground: Typhoid fever is a fever caused by an infection of the gastrointestinal tract, where the infection is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. This infection is generally found in environmental conditions with dense populations and poor hygiene levels. Various plants have been used from generation to generation to treat typhoid fever, one of which is red guava leaves. This study aims to further explore the potential of methanol extract of red guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) on the activity of Salmonella thyphi in vitro.
Methods: This study is an in vitro experimental study using Salmonella thyphi culture. The phytochemical screening test was carried out on the methanol extract of red guava leaves. Furthermore, an assessment of the diameter of the inhibition zone between groups was carried out. Univariate and bivariate analyzes were performed to compare between groups.
Results: There was an increase in the diameter of the inhibition zone along with an increase in the dose of methanol extract from red guava leaves. A dose of 100 mg/mL of red guava leaf extract showed a maximum inhibition diameter of 11.85 cm.
Conclusion: Methanol extract of red guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) has the antibacterial activity of Salmonella thyphi along with increasing concentrations.
 
Profile of Side Effects of Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (NSCLC) Undergoing Chemotherapy at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Chemotherapy is one of the treatment options for lung cancer at any stage. Side effects due to chemotherapy are still a problem in the treatment of lung cancer patients. Chemotherapy drugs have different side effects according to their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. This study aimed to determine the side effects of both hematological and non-hematological chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated at the lung ward of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia, from 2017 to 2019.
Methods: This was a descriptive observational study, a total of 42 study subjects. The study subjects were non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing first-line chemotherapy. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS software in a univariate manner.
Results: The study subjects were mostly male (85.36%), the age range of 40-60 years (66.67%), at risk of exposure from work (45.23%), smokers (59.52%), had a history of pulmonary TB (11.9%), history of COPD (2.38%), history of malignancy of other organs (2.38%) with the most cell type being adenocarcinoma (54.76%). The most common hematological side effects were first-degree anemia (21.43%) and first-degree leukopenia (21.43%). The most non-hematological side effects were first-degree alopecia (90.48%), followed by first-degree nausea and vomiting (78.57%).
Conclusion: Chemotherapy side effects were found in all regimens given with mild degrees. The side effects obtained were in the form of hematological and non-hematological side effects
Cost of Treating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in Hospitals and Influencing Factors: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFBackground: Increasing beds for COVID-19 patients is not a simple matter for hospitals because hospitals cannot directly increase the number of existing beds due to limited facilities, infrastructure, equipment, and resources. Careful calculations are needed in terms of preparing the room and treating COVID patients, especially the estimated costs needed to treat COVID patients in the hospital. This expenditure is important so that it can be an illustration of the hospital how much expenditure is needed. This study aimed to determine the number of costs incurred for treating COVID-19 patients in hospitals and the factors that influence these costs.
Methods: This study was conducted by systematic literature review using the PRISMA statement conducted May-June 2021. An article search was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, Proquest, and Google Scholar with the inclusion criteria, namely research related to the cost of treating COVID-19 patients in hospitals and the factors that influence the amount of these costs.
Results: A systematic search obtained six articles. Studies vary greatly in study design and perspective included in the cost category. Estimated costs for COVID-19 care range from 2,990/day. Factors that affect the cost of care include age, previous medical history, degree of infection or severity of COVID-19, length of stay, place of care, and need for a ventilator.
Conclusion: There is a considerable economic burden associated with the incident of COVID-19. Several factors affect the cost of COVID-19, namely the length of the treatment period and the need for intensive rooms and ventilators
Electrocardiography Predictive Value on Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon
Get PDFCoronary Slow Flow Phenomenon (CSFP) is characterized by the slow flow of contrast in one or more epicardial coronary vessels without evidence of coronary artery stenosis during coronary angiography procedures. CSFP is fairly common at the time of elective angiography with an incidence of around 7% and accounts for about 4% of hospitalized unstable angina cases. Coronary angiography is currently still the only effective way to detect CSFP, but this procedure is an invasive procedure with high costs, there is a risk of allergy to contrast. Electrocardiography (ECG), as a widely available, inexpensive, and simple modality is felt to be an attractive alternative in early detection of this abnormality. The ECG parameters on CSFP discussed in this study include; p-wave dispersion, QT interval dispersion, QRS intrinsic (Tpeak-Tenddeflection duration), and QRS fragmentation. Further studies are needed on the ECG image in CSFP so that in the future ECG can be a cheaper and non-invasive diagnostic modality for CSFP compared to coronary angiography
Gitelman Syndrome in a 32-Years-Old Female Patient
Get PDFIntroduction. Gitelman syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder that is milder than Bartter syndrome and is often not diagnosed until late childhood or even adulthood. However, this syndrome is usually symptomatic and can result in serious clinical manifestations, such as muscle spasms that can be severe and involve the hands and feet. These symptoms are frequently observed in almost all patients, partly due to hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia.
Case presentation. A 32-year-old female patient is being treated in the Internal Medicine ward of Dr. M. Djamil Padang General Hospital with the main complaint of cramping of the left hand, which has gotten worse since 1 day ago. The patient also complained that both legs were prone to cramping that went on and on since 1 month ago. The patient had been hospitalized with the same complaint and is currently taking slow release potassium (KSR) medication. Examination of the patient's limbs revealed a positive trousseau sign and carpopedal spasms. Laboratory examination of the patient showed potassium levels of 1.8 mmol/L, calcium levels of 5.7 mg/dl, Magnesium levels of 0.8 mg/dl, and electrolyte disturbances in the patient's urine. ECG results revealed a prolonged QT interval.
Conclusion. Gitelman syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder and often goes undiagnosed. However, this syndrome is usually symptomatic and can lead to serious clinical manifestations. Most patients require oral potassium and magnesium supplementation, as drug therapy is usually not fully effective
Penetrating Facial Injury by Motorcycle Gear Shifter Lever: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Penetrating facial injury can cause injury to the bone and soft tissue surrounding. Penetrating facial injury caused by organic foreign bodies or metal material increases the risk of infection in the wound. Identification of the location of the entry of foreign bodies, whether the vital organs, the presence of injury to the nerves, vascular, visual, and other muscle damage is very important to do. For that immediate and optimal treatment can be applied to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Case presentation: A 13 years old boy arrived in ER admission with penetrating facial injuries. A corpus alienum penetrated the patient’s face at the medial meatus of the right eye along with bleeding from the nose and around the wound. Evaluation and management of the penetrating facial injury were performed in accordance with the ATLS protocol. The aim of management in penetrating facial injuries is to remove the foreign body with minimal trauma to surrounding structures and to maintain normal function and optimal appearance. The patient underwent emergency surgery the remove corpus alienum and wound exploration under general anesthesia. Postoperative evaluation shows no bleeding or signs of infection, no visual impairment, and tear flow were found.
Conclusion: Penetrating facial injury due to motorcycle gear shifter lever is rare. Good Management of penetrating facial injury will give satisfactory results
Risk Factors Related Amputation on Diabetic Foot Patients in Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang
Get PDFBackgrounds. Diabetic foot is the most common cause of nontraumatic lower-extremity amputation. This study aims to assess the relationship of risk factors with the incidence of amputation in diabetic foot patients based on the Wagner classification at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang.
Methods. The study design is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 46 diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic foot complications participated in this study. The risk factors assessed were gender, age, smoking status, hypertension, uncontrolled blood sugar, hypoalbumin, peripheral arterial disease, infection, and peripheral neuropathy. The assessment of the degree of diabetic foot complications was carried out using the Wagner classification.
Results. The most age group for diabetic foot sufferers is the age group of 41-60 years, which is 57.7% with the male sex being more dominant (59.6%) than the female gender. In the subject, there were more patients with the Wagner 4 classification (32.7%) than the other classification levels. Based on direct observation of patients, it was found that 53.8% of diabetic foot patients were amputated. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that PAD (peripheral arterial disease) and peripheral neuropathy are variables that significantly affect amputation.
Conclusion. Peripheral neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease are associated with amputation and peripheral arterial disease is a major risk factor for amputation in diabetic foot patients based on the Wagner classification
Post-Concussion Syndrome Latent Onset Related to Intracranial Lesion on Head Injury Patient in Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang
Get PDFBackground. Post-concussion syndrome is associated with damaged axons in patients with a mild head injury but little is known about their consequences for brain tissue. This study aims to examine the relationship between latent onset post-concussion and intracranial lesions in head injury patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang.
Methods. The research design is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 25 patients with head injuries participated in this study with inclusion criteria being hospitalized patients alive without physical and mental disabilities and patients diagnosed with latent onset post-concussion syndrome (PCS) without any additional diagnoses for patients with a history of trauma.
Results. The average age of the respondents in this study was 34.08 ± 17.45 years and more than half of the respondents were male, namely 18 (72%) respondents. half of respondents with persistent PCS symptoms > 6 months experienced EDH, as many as 5 (55.6%) respondents, ICH 2 (66.7%) respondents, and cerebral contusion 6 (60%) respondents. The results of statistical tests showed that there was no relationship between latent onset PCS and lesion appearance (p>0.05). The results of statistical tests showed that there was no relationship between latent onset PCS and the degree of head injury (p>0.05).
Conclusion. There is no significant relationship between post-concussion syndrome (PCS) latent onset with a degree of head injury and lesion description in head injury patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang