Bioscientia Medicina - Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
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The Effect of Multilevel Doses of Caffeine on Tissue Macrophage and Blood Lymphocyte Count in Autologous Full Thickness Skin Graft Healing in Sprague Dawley Rats
Get PDFBackgrounds. A skin graft is one of the routine surgical procedures performed. This procedure gives excellent results when done as early as possible after the trauma. Caffeine has a mechanism as an adenosine-receptor A2 antagonist which can induce wound healing through increased angiogenesis. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of coffee caffeine in the initiation of full thickness skin graft autologous wound healing by assessing the number of macrophages and lymphocytes in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Methods. The research design is an experimental study with a post-test-only approach with a control group design. Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats aged 15 weeks (140 – 150 grams) were randomly divided into four groups. One group became the control group (decaffeinated) while the other group received various doses of caffeine (3 mg/kgBW, 6 mg/kgBW, and 9 mg/kgBW). Autologous skin grafts were performed in all groups. HE examination was performed to confirm the number of macrophage cells in the tissue. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS 25 software.
Results. There were significant differences in the number of tissue macrophages in the four groups. The group that received 9 mg/kgBW of caffeine showed the highest number of macrophages compared to the other groups. Based on the number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, the group that received a dose of 6 mg/kg BW showed the highest number of lymphocytes compared to other groups.
Conclusion. Caffeine showed the ability to initiate full thickness skin graft autologous wound healing by increasing the number of macrophages and lymphocytes in Sprague Dawley rats
Happy Hypoxemia In COVID-19
Get PDFThe new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is becoming a global health crisis that challenges health systems around the world. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 varies from mild upper respiratory tract infections to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, but there are also many patients present with an SpO2 < 90% but without symptoms of shortness of breath. This phenomenon is called happy hypoxemia or silent hypoxemia. Shortness of breath or dyspnea is a subjective sensation resulting from inadequate breathing effort and is usually described as constriction in the chest, difficulty breathing air or difficulty breathing. Breathing is controlled centrally by the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pons region which controls the "respiratory drive" and adapts respiration to the body's metabolic needs. The mechanisms that play a role in this phenomenon include the presence of intrapulmonary shunts, loss of pulmonary perfusion regulation, vascular microthrombus and impaired pulmonary diffusion capacity
Relationship between Hormonal Contraception and Menstrual Cycle
Get PDFBackground: The high rate of baby births in Indonesia increase in population each year. Family planning is a way to regulate the number of children and birth spacing between children with contraception. Injection and pill contraceptives are hormonal contraceptives. However, the use of contraceptives has an impact on weight gain, nausea, vomiting, headaches, and swollen feet. Dusun Kepuk is one of the villages in the Bangsri sub-district with the domination used of hormonal contraception compared to other methods, and the side effects of using this hormonal contraceptive method are not known. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between the use of hormonal contraceptives and changes in the menstrual cycle in Kepuk Village, Bangsri District, Jepara Regency.
Methods: This was non-experimental research with a cross-sectional design conducted in Kepuk Village, Bangsri District, Jepara Regency. The population in this study were acceptors who used hormonal contraception (pills and injections). The samples were taken with purposive sampling based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study used a questionnaire to obtain information from respondents. The data were analyzed using the SPSS chi-square correlation test.
Results: Most respondents with 3 months of injected contraceptives suffer a disrupted menstrual cycle, as many as 51 respondents (71.8%). The Chi-Square test result p = 0.001 show that there is a relationship between the use of hormonal contraceptives and the menstrual cycle.
Conclusion: The use of hormonal contraception is associated with changes in the menstrual cycle changes in Kepuk Village, Bangsri District, Jepara Regency
Resveratrol as a Chemopreventive Agent in Lung Cancer Therapy
Get PDFFor decades, lung cancer has been the most widespread cancer in the world and the leading cause of cancer death. Lung malignancy is the superior cause of death in Indonesia, accompanying the second topmost number of new cases. The low survival rate of lung cancer patients reflects the therapy's low success rate due to side effects and cancer cells' resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Combination therapy, which includes the use of chemopreventive agents, can reduce the risk of side effects and resistance. Natural product-based chemopreventive agents used together with accompanying chemical anti-cancer drugs and/or actinotherapy can overcome cancer cell resistance, improve therapy effectiveness, and reduce side effects. Resveratrol is a compound belonging to the non-flavonoid polyphenolic group contained, particularly in vine fruits, berries, and some nuts. Resveratrol exhibits anti-cancer activity, according to considerable in vitro and in vivo studies, and hence has what it takes to be reasonably applied as a chemopreventive compound. The discovery of resveratrol's chemopreventive mechanism against lung cancer is expected to enable the development of a chemopreventive compound that can be used together with accompanying chemical anti-cancer drugs and/or actinotherapy
Adapalene-Benzyl Peroxide Combination as an Option for Acne Vulgaris Treatment: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFBackground: Acne vulgaris affect 9,4% of the world population, especially in teenage age. Treatment of acne is based on severity; mild acne is treated with a topical agent, whereas moderate and severe acne is treated with topical and systemic agents. Topical therapy, including retinoids, antibiotics, and benzoyl peroxide, is the foundation of acne treatment. Adapalene-benzoyl peroxide therapy can be used in treatment to avoid antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of adapalene/benzoyl peroxide topical treatment in mild to moderate acne vulgaris.
Methods: This systematic review conducted a literature search through 3 databases, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Inclusion criteria were written in English or Indonesian, published in 2016-2020, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) study designed using human samples, and discussed the efficacy of topical adapalene-benzoyl peroxide in mild and moderate acne vulgaris. Studies that were unavailable in full text and based on secondary data were excluded.
Results: Acne vulgaris lesions and scars decreased significantly with adapalene/benzoyl peroxide topical therapy. The addition of moisturizer to therapy can reduce the side effects of retinoate.
Conclusion: The combination of adapalene/benzoyl peroxide can be an alternative treatment for mild to moderate acne
Effects of Pancreatic Omentoplasty on Diabetes Mellitus with Obesity after Sleeve Gastrectomy: An In Vivo Study
Get PDFBackground: DM, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2), is closely related to obesity. Insulin resistance and inflammation that occur in obese patients can be treated with SG procedures. Post-SG weight loss can reduce the lipo apoptotic process and can improve the function of pancreas β cells. The omentum is rich in potential mesenchymal stem cells and is rich in anti-inflammatory cytokines, and various growth factors, so the omentoplasty procedure is believed to be able to provide a regenerating effect on the pancreatic tissue so that the performance of the pancreas can be optimal.
Methods: An experimental study with 18 rats which were divided into control and treatment groups. The treatments were sleeve gastrectomy and pancreatic omentoplasty. Furthermore, analysis of body weight and levels of IL-10 and HOMA IR was carried out with the help of SPSS software version 25 univariate and bivariate.
Results: There was a difference in mean body weight, levels of IL-10, and HOMA IR before and after treatment, p<0.001.
Conclusion: Omentoplasty is effective in improving the condition of diabetes mellitus with obesity after sleeve gastrectomy surgery in vivo
The Role of Topical Vitamin D in Vitiligo: A Narrative Literature Review
Get PDFVitamin D plays a role in the process of melanogenesis, namely increasing L-Dopa cells, inducing differentiation of immature melanocytes, and increasing melanocyte activity. The use of vitamin D in dermatology is in the treatment of vitiligo, psoriasis vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, verruca vulgaris, and alopecia. Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease of the skin in the form of depigmentation due to the destruction of melanocytes by T cells. The clinical manifestations of vitiligo are white macular lesions and no scale, asymptomatic, and symmetrical. Vitiligo can affect the patient's quality of life, so accurate therapy is needed. Standard therapy in vitiligo needs further research to find accurate therapy with minimal side effects. Topical vitamin D is a vitiligo therapy with minimal side effects. Several types of topical vitamin D with therapeutic effects in the field of dermatology are calcipotriol, calcitriol, tacalcitol, maxacalcitol, and hexafluoro-1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 with various dosages and preparations. The role of vitamin D in melanogenesis and immunomodulators as monotherapy or in combination with topical corticosteroids has been shown to be effective in the treatment of vitiligo. This literature review was on the role of topical vitamin D in the treatment of vitiligo
Comparison of Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness Values with Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Get PDFBackground: Changes in choroidal thickness may be associated with increased severity of diabetic retinopathy and may occur simultaneously or even earlier than diabetic retinopathy. This study aims to compare the value of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) with the severity of RD in patients with type 2 DM without RD with NPDR at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang, Indonesia.
Methods: This research is a cross-sectional analytic observational study. The study was conducted on 36 eyes obtained from 29 study subjects. Data analysis was performed with the help of SPSS to determine the ratio of SCT thickness in diabetic retinopathy patients, p<0.05.
Results: The thickest mean SCT value was found in the type 2 DM group without RD (328.78 + 14.78 mm) and the thinnest in the severe NPDR group (234,22 + 12,30 mm).
Conclusion: The more severe the severity of diabetic retinopathy, the thinner the SCT (subfoveal choroidal thickness)
Bronchiectasis with Multiple Bullae Post-Extraction Corpus Alineum Comorbid with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Get PDFBackground. Bronchiectasis is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by chronic bronchial dilatation. The cause of bronchiectasis is still ideopathic but most of the bronchiectasis are caused by tuberculosis infection and will interfere with the patient's quality of life. In addition, bronchiectasis can be caused by aspiration of foreign bodies.
Case presentation. A 42-year-old male patient was treated at Dr, M Djamil Padang Hospital with complaints of coughing up blood, in addition the patient complained of coughing up yellowish phlegm, shortness of breath and fever. The patient had a history of foreign body aspiration 6 months ago. The patient had a chest X-ray and a chest CT scan and a picture of bronchiectasis and mulltiple bullae was found. The patient also had pulmonary tuberculosis infection where the X-pert gene examination in the patient found that MTB was not detected.
Conclusion. The patient had multiple bullae, which were complications of emphysema, and the patient had or had compensatory emphysema, where the abnormality was hyperinflation of certain parts of the lung due to atelectasis. The condition of bronchiectasis and multiple bullae makes the patient susceptible to infection, which in this case was found to have pulmonary tuberculosis infection. Management of bronchiectasis includes identification of acute exacerbations and the use of antibiotics, controlling microbial growth, treatment of the underlying condition, and reducing the excessive inflammatory response
Effects of Artemisia Vulgaris Extract on Apoptotic Index and Caspase-8
Get PDFBackground. Worldwide incidence of breast cancer is still high. Surgical intervention is mainly used as primary treatment with other supplementary modality such as chemoterapy, radioterapy, and immunotherapy such as Artemisia vulgaris (AV). This study was aimed to analyze the increase in apoptotic effect response of adriamycin-cyclophosphamide on C3H mice model of adenocarcinoma breast cancer provided with Artemisia vulgaris extract.
Methods. This research is a post-test only control group design. Twenty four C3H mice were randomly selected and put into 4 groups: K (control group), P1 (Chemoterapy only), P2 (extract only) and P3 (chemoterapy-extract combination). Breast adenocarcinoma was taken from inoculated donor mice. Chemoterapy regiment of 0.18 mg Adriamycin and 1.8 mg Cyclophosphamide were given in 2 cycles. Thirteen miligrams (0.2 mL) of AV extract was given orally once daily. Apoptotic index and Caspase-8 expression were graded with immunohistochemistry stain.
Results. Mean value of p53 and caspase-8 expression in K, P1, P2, P3 groups were 22,06 + 1,73, 37,16 + 1,20, 24,60 + 1,08, 39,78 + 1,19 and 17.16 + 1,28, 26,20 + 1,11, 24.60 + 1,08, 39,78 + 1,19, respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in apoptotic index between group K vs P1, P3 (p = 0,001), P1 vs P2 (p = 0,001), P1 vs P3 (p = 0,035), P2 vs P3 (p = 0,001) and for Caspase-8 between K vs P1, P3 (p = 0,001), K vs P2 (p = 0,048), P1 vs P2 (p = 0,001), P1 vs P3 (p = 0,039), P2 vs P3 (p = 0,001). We found a significant correlation between apoptotic index and Caspase-8 expression. (p = 0,047 and r = 0,883).
Conclusion. Artemisia vulgaris can increase the adriamycin-cyclophosphamide chemoterapy effectiveness on C3H Mice Model of Breast Adenocarcinoma