Bioscientia Medicina - Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
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The Role of Calcium in the Skin Barrier
Get PDFCalcium is a macro mineral that is an important part of the body. Bones and teeth contain more than 99% of the human body calcium. Calcium also found in other tissues such as skin. The concentration of calcium in the body tends to decrease with age because released from the body through sweat, skin cells, and faeces. Calcium intake varies worldwide with an average of 175-1233 mg/day. Many countries in Asia have an average calcium intake of less than 500 mg/day. The skin barrier function is in the epidermis, the formation of the epidermal barrier and the maintenance of homeostasis are important to protect the individual from the external environment and organisms. Epidermal calcium gradient, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium homeostasis, and calcium influx through calcium channels play important roles in keratinocyte differentiation, barrier formation, and barrier homeostasis. Understanding the mechanism of regulation and function of calcium related to skin barrier homeostasis is aimed to improve understanding of calcium in the skin barrie
Overview of Discharge Plan Strategies in Rural and Remote Areas: A Narrative Literature Review
Get PDFDischarge planning is a systematic process that includes assessment, preparation, and coordination and involves various disciplines to provide optimal service. In Indonesia, there are 62 underdeveloped areas that have limitations in health services. Discharge planning in remote areas requires adaptation to be accepted in the community. This review aims to find an effective patient discharge strategy to be implemented in rural areas. Telepharmaceuticals and telerobots act as discharge planning interventions in remote areas. Remote monitoring, such as a pharmacological intervention in late life (PILL) program that focuses on monitoring the treatment of patients with polypharmacy. Interprofessional education and collaborative practice (IPECP) is suitable to be carried out in remote areas where limited facilities stimulate health workers to collaborate. Patient activation measure (PAM) to assess the ability and engagement of patients in maintaining their health. In addition, interventions were found in the form of making patient-centered guidelines in the form of ROADMAP (rural options at discharge - model of active planning)
Comparison of Breast Massage (Oxytocin Massage, Oketani Massage, and Marmet Massage) Against the Smoothness of Breast Milk from the Aspect of Baby's Sleep Frequency
Get PDFBackground: The inability to meet breast milk production can be prevented in various ways, one of which is breast massage. The breast massage technique, at a certain point, is able to remove the blockage of blood vessels and energy blockages so that it will facilitate milk production. This study aims to determine the potential of breast massage (oxytocin massage, oketani massage, and marmet massage) to smooth breast milk from the aspect of the baby's sleep frequency.
Methods: Study design method experimental with the control group. Samples were Primiparous postpartum mothers who gave birth normally and were divided into three groups, namely oxytocin massage intervention group, marmet massage, oketani massage, and control group. Data were analyzed in univariate, bivariate, and multivariate.
Results: Breast massage (oxytocin, marmet and oketani) in primiparous postpartum mothers was effective in increasing the frequency of baby’s sleep. The frequency of the baby’s sleep before Marmet massage was 3.29 hours, and after Marmet massage was 5.29 hours. In the oxytocin massage intervention group, it was known that the average sleep frequency of babies before breast massage was 2.00 hours, and after breast, massage was 3.00 hours. Furthermore, in the Oketani massage intervention group, it was found that the average frequency of the baby’s sleep before breast massage was 2.00 hours, and after breast, massage was 3.00 hours. In the control group, it is known that the average sleep frequency of babies before breast massage is 0.57 hours and after breast massage is 0.71 hours.
Conclusion: Oxytocin massage, marmet massage, and oketani massage have been shown to be effective in improving the smoothness of breast milk from the aspect of the baby's sleep frequency
Correlation of Malignancy in the Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary System with Serum Bilirubin Levels in Extrahepatic Cholestasis Patients
Get PDFBackground: The incidence of hepato-pancreato-biliary system cancer is increasing worldwide, which has been recognized as a disease that is difficult to diagnose early and has a poor prognosis. No research has yet been conducted in areas with limited resources and health facilities. There is an urgent need for diagnostic methods to recommend further diagnostic modalities in the selection of curative or palliative management.
Methods: Retrospective data from all cholestatic patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital were collected during the period July 2020-May 2022. The data included demographic characteristics such as age, gender, preoperative, results of bilirubin fraction, and final diagnosis. Data analysis was done by bivariate and multivariate.
Results: A total of 132 patients were included in this study. 35.6% of them are HPB system malignancies, with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma being the most common diagnosis (34.4%), more in males (51.06%), and in the age group, 50 years (61.71%) is the most. Only 52.27% of patients underwent preoperative radiological imaging. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between HPB system malignancies with age >50 years (p=0.024) and all bilirubin fractions (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that only the bilirubin fraction was significant for the diagnosis of malignant HPB (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The bilirubin fraction is a good initial indicator for predicting malignancy in the HPB system in order to increase the effectiveness of the diagnostic modality and reduce the referral duration
The Role of Nutritional Status on SARS-CoV-2 IgG Levels After COVID-19 Vaccination in Palembang
Get PDFBackground: The elderly and geriatric population is the population most at risk for complications of COVID-19. Preliminary data show that individuals aged >59 years are estimated to experience five times more severe COVID-19 symptom onset than those aged 30 to 59 years. Nutritional status is believed to play a role in the body's ability to produce antibodies after COVID-19 vaccination.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytic observational study to determine the role of nutritional status on levels of IgG SARS-CoV-2 after COVID-19 Vaccination in Palembang. IgG levels were assessed by the ECLIA method. Data analysis was carried out univariate and bivariate.
Results: The mean quantitative IgG of SARS-CoV-2 in underweight nutritional status was higher with a value of 5757.42±2594.08 U/mL and with the lowest mean quantitative IgG SARS-CoV-2 in overweight nutritional status with a value of 2998.13±4386.95 U/mL.
Conclusion: Nutritional status did not play a role in SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels after the COVID-19 vaccination in Palembang
Sodium Levels as a Predicting Factor for the Occurrence of Perforated Appendicitis in Children at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang
Get PDFBackground: Perforation of the appendix can lead to life-threatening complications. Early identification of a perforation before surgery has important clinical implications. Hyponatremia was previously proposed as a marker to differentiate between perforated and non-perforated acute appendicitis. This study aims to determine the role of sodium levels as a predictive factor in the incidence of perforated appendicitis in children at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang.
Methods: This research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The research took place from March to May 2022 at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling with criteria aged 0-18 years and diagnosed with acute appendicitis at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang.
Results: A total of 112 samples with most of the patients (52.7%) aged 6-11 years and found a greater proportion of men (57.1%). Most of the patients underwent laparotomy procedures (57.2%). Hyponatremia was found in 58% of patients. Perforation occurred in most (59.8%) patients. SPSS results showed a significant difference between the incidence of hyponatremia in perforated and non-perforated appendicitis with a p-value <0.001.
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between sodium levels and the incidence of perforation, where the lower the sodium level, the higher the incidence of perforation
Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Pregnancy
Get PDFBackground: Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia was first depicted as a subtype of myeloid neoplasm that closely resembles chronic myeloid leukemia but does not have the pathognomonic Philadelphia chromosome. Chronic myeloid leukemia can also be found in pregnant and fertile women, which means pregnancy can happen at the time of diagnosis or during the treatment of this disease.
Case presentation: A 32-year-old woman came to the hemato-oncology polyclinic at M. Djamil General Hospital Padang with the main complaint of weakness and fatigue. The patient was pregnant with a gestational age of 23-24 weeks. On physical examination, the conjunctiva was anemic, and the spleen was palpable S4 (18 cm). On routine blood laboratory examination, the results of anemia, leukocytosis, and on the peripheral blood picture, severe normochromic normocytic anemia was found with pathological cells of 3% myelocytes and 1% metamyelocytes. Conclusion bone marrow puncture (BMP) results follow the description of chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase.
Conclusion: During pregnancy, chronic myeloid leukemia has a better prognosis compared to acute leukemia. However, atypical chronic myeloid leukemia still has the potential of leukostasis, causing uteroplacental deficiency and eventually leading to fetal growth restriction, premature birth, and an increase in perinatal mortality
Efficacy of Robusta Coffee Bean Extract (Coffea robusta) Against Bacterial Growth of Staphylococcus aureus
Get PDFBackground. This research is a study that seeks to explore the potential of robusta coffee bean extract in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, where this bacterium is one of the bacteria that is often found in the oral cavity and often causes infections and dental and oral problems.
Methods. This research is an experimental study in vitro. Robusta coffee extract was tested at levels of 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125%, where each test group was tested on 6 plates of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS 25 software.
Results. There was a significant difference in the inhibitory power of Robusta coffee extract (Coffea robusta) at concentrations of 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125% on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Significant differences in inhibition were found in group I and II (p=0.002; mean diff = -0.83), group I and III (p=0.000; mean diff = -1.32), group I and IV (p= 0.000; mean diff = -2.12), group II with III (p=0.050; mean diff = -0.48), group II with IV (p=0.000; mean diff = -1.28), and group III with IV (p=0.002; mean diff = -0.80).
Conclusion. Robusta coffee bean extract (Coffea robusta) has antibacterial activity against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria
The Effect of Pravastatin on Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1-Alpha (HIF-1-A) Expression on the Placenta of Preeclampsia Wistar Rats
Get PDFBackground: Preeclampsia (PE) is hypertension in pregnancy that currently occurs starting from the time of placentation and is 1 of the five leading causes of maternal death. The main cause of preeclampsia is the placenta, which is hypoxic, and the spiral artery remodeling fails. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF-1-A), a marker in the nucleus, is overexpressed during tissue hypoxia. Pravastatin has a pleiotropic effect as the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), a strong vasodilator to correct hypoxia. This study aims to explore the potential of pravastatin against functional abnormalities or placental hypoxia through in vivo HIF-1-A expression.
Methods: This study is an experimental study using female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by preeclampsia. Assessment of HIF-1-A expression was carried out by immunohistochemistry. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, and then univariate and bivariate tests were performed.
Results: Administration of pravastatin at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW showed the most optimal potential in reducing the expression of HIF-1-A protein, indicating tissue hypoxia. Pravastatin doses of 2.5 mg/kg BW and 5 mg/kg BW also could reduce HIF-1-A protein expression better than the K+ group who were not given pravastatin.
Conclusion: Pravastatin can reduce the expression of HIF-1-A protein in pre-eclamptic rats, which indicates the potential of pravastatin to reduce the incidence of preeclampsia
The Differences in Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Plasma Activity of HIV-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis and HIV-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Get PDFBackground: Tuberculosis is the most common cause of death in HIV patients. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the immune response to TB and HIV infection. Increased plasma IDO1 activity in TB patients can be a promising marker for the diagnosis of TB, especially in HIV patients. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 plasma of HIV-positive pulmonary TB with HIV-negative pulmonary TB patients.
Methods: This study is an analytic observational study. Plasma IDO1 activity was assessed by calculating the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (K/T ratio). This indicator was assessed on 28 lung TB patients divided into two groups, HIV-positive pulmonary TB and HIV-negative pulmonary TB group.
Results: Twenty-eight subjects were included in this study with a mean age of 42,96 (16,17) years, with more males than females. This study's mean K/T ratio was 0.18 (0.16), with HIV-positive pulmonary TB is higher than HIV-negative pulmonary TB (0.24 vs 0.12, p = 0.027).
Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plasma in HIV-positive pulmonary TB and HIV-negative pulmonary TB groups. Thus the IDO1 plasma can be used as a new biomarker in diagnosed TB in HIV patients