Bioscientia Medicina - Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
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Effectiveness Test of Green Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L.) on the Growth of Candida albicans
Get PDFBackground: Candida albicans is a fungus that often results in opportunistic infections in humans, called candidiasis. People generally practice self-medication to treat candidiasis with azole antifungals. However, this causes resistance due to inappropriate drug or dose selection. Betel leaf extract, which contains active compounds with antifungal properties such as phenols, tannins, and flavonoids, can be used as alternative medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an effect of green betel leaf extract (Piper betle L.) on the growth of Candida albicans.
Methods: This study is an experimental study and uses the disc diffusion method. The betel leaf was extracted using the maceration method and made into concentrations of 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%.
Results: The mean inhibition zone diameters were 9.12 mm, 8.79 mm, 8.18 mm, and 8.55 mm at concentrations of 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, sequentially.
Conclusion: Betel leaf extract has an antifungal effect, with the most effective concentration being 40%
Profile of Colorectal Cancer at Sanjiwani General Hospital, Gianyar Period January 2020 – June 2022
Get PDFBackground: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer death in the UK and the United States. There were 1.8 million new colorectal cancer cases and 881,000 deaths. This study aims to determine the profile of colorectal cancer at Sanjiwani General Hospital for the period January 2020 - June 2022.
Methods: This study is a descriptive study using secondary data from archives at the Anatomical Pathology Installation of the Sanjiwani General Hospital for the period January 2020 – June 2022. Data collection in the form of gender, age, cancer location, and histopathological type was carried out using the convenient purposive sampling method.
Results: This study showed that the highest age group was the age group 61-70 years 32.6%, the sex was mostly male 63.9% with the most common location of colorectal cancer found in the rectum 66.2% and the histopathological type in the form of adenocarcinoma 96.5%.
Conclusion: Most of the cases were found in the male gender, and the age range was 61-70 years. Most cancer locations were found in the rectum with the histopathological type of adenocarcinoma
Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors and Outcome with Surgical Approach: A Single Centre Retrospective Study
Get PDFBackground: Intradural extramedullary spinal tumor (IDEM) is rare compared to all neoplasms of the central nervous system; however, it is the most common type of primary intraspinal neoplasms. Most tumors are meningioma, schwannoma, and neurofibroma. IDEM tumor has a predilection in women with ages ranging from 40-60 years. This study was conducted to describe the outcome of patients with IDEM tumors after surgery in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital from 2019-2022.
Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted in 2019-2022. Forty-four patients diagnosed with IDEM tumors and who underwent surgical approach were included. The studied variables include age, pathological diagnosis, intervention, and postoperative follow-up.
Results: Most subjects were within the age range of 40-60 years old (52.3%), women (63.6%), and had schwannoma (45.5%), followed by meningioma (25%). Based on gender, both men and women mostly had schwannoma (56.25% and 39.3%, respectively). All subjects underwent tumor excision laminectomy. In the follow-up, most subjects (86.4%) had improved clinical symptoms after surgery.
Conclusion: Intradural extramedullary spinal tumors mostly occur in women 40-60 years old, and schwannoma and meningioma are the most frequent types. Laminectomy intervention can provide clinical symptom improvement in most patients
Comparison of Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Pregnancy with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Planned Referrals Compared to Emergency Referrals Based on the Maternal Fetal Triage Index at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that attacks the skin and the musculoskeletal, kidney, neuropsychiatric, hematological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and reproductive systems. In pregnancies with SLE, early referral to the hospital with the involvement of obstetricians and rheumatologists, and other specialists as needed, as well as individual management plans, regular reviews, and early recognition of flares and complications, are important. This study aimed to determine the differences in maternal and perinatal outcomes referred by planned referrals compared to emergency referrals, especially in pregnant patients with SLE.
Methods: This study was an analytic observational study with a retrospective cohort approach. A total of 40 subjects participated in this study. Data analysis using SPSS software was carried out univariate and bivariate to examine the relationship between types of referrals and maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Results: There were significant differences between the types of emergency referrals and planned referrals in the variable incidence of preeclampsia and SLE exacerbations. There were no significant differences between the types of emergency referrals and planned referrals on the variable incidence of lupus nephritis, maternal death, premature delivery, fetal growth restriction, fetal death, and the incidence of neonatal lupus syndrome.
Conclusion: The incidence of severe preeclampsia and SLE exacerbation was lower in planned referrals compared to emergency referrals in pregnant patients with SLE at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
Inhibitory Effect of N-Hexane Fraction of Cherry Parasite (Dendrophthoe pentandra L.) on Alpha Glucosidase
Get PDFBackground. Cherry parasite (Dendrophthoe pentandra L.) is a semi-parasitic plant that takes food from host body, so that phytochemical same as host plant. These phytochemicals have effect to inhibiting the action of the enzyme alpha glucosidase, such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids/steroids. The aim of this study is to find out the effect of the cherry parasite to inhibiting the enzyme alpha glucosidase.
Methods. This is an in vitro experimental study. Cherry parasite was fractionated with n-hexane and reacted by enzyme. Acarbose used as a positive control. The inhibitory effect on the alpha glucosidase was determined from the IC50 value by measuring the absorbance of p-nitrophenol using spectrophotometry as a result of the reaction of the enzyme. Screening phytochemical to determine the phytochemical of n-hexane fraction. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang.
Results. The yield of n-hexane fraction was 7%. Phytochemical test showed that the sample contain flavonoids and terpenoids. IC50 value of n-hexane fraction was 106,333 ppm and categorized not active.
Conclusion. The n-hexane fraction of cherry parasite contains flavonoids and terpenoids that considered not active to inhibiting the action of the enzyme alpha glucosidase
Genu Sinistra Tuberculosis Arthritis with Drug-Induced Liver Injury Caused by Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs in Patients Confirmed with COVID-19
Get PDFBackground: Tuberculous arthritis is a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and has a significant effect on patient morbidity and mortality. This case report aims to describe clinical signs and symptoms, results of laboratory tests, radiology, and outcome of tuberculosis arthritis cases.
Case presentation: A 36-year-old woman came to the emergency room with the main complaint of pain, swelling, and warmth when palpating the knee for the past week. The pain felt worse during activities such as walking. The patient also complains of fever, loss of appetite, and unwanted weight loss. Physical examination showed sharp pain and swelling in the knee, limited range of movement (ROM), and a positive balloon sign, while laboratory tests showed increased leukocytes, neutrophils, and C-reactive protein. After the diagnosis of genu tuberculosis arthritis was established, the administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT) was started. After one week, the patient complained of pain in the left knee and progressive nausea. Liver function tests showed an increase in SGOT and SGPT. The patient then started OAT desensitization. A month later, the patient underwent an open synovectomy with liquefaction necrosis. Although the first desensitization of tuberculosis still causes drug-induced liver injury, the second desensitization involves gradually increasing doses of rifampicin accompanied by close monitoring of liver tests.
Conclusion: Early administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs in tuberculosis arthritis can improve healing, maintain joint function, and prevent further damage. Anti-tuberculosis drug desensitization is the primary management of drug-induced liver injury
Difference between Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis in Child with History of Prematurity and Aterm
Get PDFBackground: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is an acquired condition in which the circumferential muscle of the pyloric sphincter becomes thickened, resulting in elongation and obliteration of the pyloric channel. HPS is the most common gastrointestinal disease in the first few weeks of life.
Case presentations: Two patient: a girl, 2 month old (aterm baby) and a boy, 2 months old (preterm baby) with diagnosis moderate dehydration ec vomiting, suspect HPS. Both patient got recurrent vomiting since 1 week before admission, and got dehydration, The vomiting was projectile, occuring after the patient was drink the formula milk. We found the olive sign in both patients, but it was not an obligation we should find olive sign, because it just found in 70% patients of HPS. In these patients were found sunken eyes, and slow return turgor that indicating dehydration. Patients were got Ultrasonography and planned for barium meal examination and Ph monitoring. These patients was undergone pyloromyotomi for definite therapy. After surgery preterm baby was still vomiting for 2-3 days in preterm baby, but not in aterm baby.
Conclusion: HPS in preterm baby got more complications after surgery than aterm baby, such as: longer length of stay, reflux post operative
Incidence of Hard Tissue Disease on Periapical Radiographic Examination at Prima Oral Dental Hospital Medan Indonesia
Get PDFBackground. Caries is a chronic infection of dental hard tissue. The development of caries is not limited to the tooth area, but caries can progress to the pulp chamber resulting in periapical lesions and abnormalities if not treated. Early detection of oral disease through radiographic examination is important, one of which is through periapical radiography.
Methods. This type of research is descriptive. The sample of this research is periapical radiography of cases of hard tissue disease at Prima Oral Dental Hospital period April – May 2021 as many as 78 photos. Sampling in this study was done by random sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively.
Results. Based on the interpretation of 78 photos periapical radiographs, it was found that the highest number of caries cases at Prima Oral Dental Hospital was superficial caries as much as 48.7%, followed by media caries as much as 43.6% and profunda caries only 7.7%. The mean and standard deviation of superficial caries depth was 3.51±1.348; medium caries 6.88±1.122 and profunda caries 10.00±1.549.
Conclusion. Superficial caries is the most caries case found on periapical radiographic examination at Prima Oral Dental Hospital, while profunda caries is the least caries case
Comparison of Burn Wound Histopathology Imaging between Epidermal Growth Factor Spray and Silver Sulfadiazine Application: An Invivo Study
Get PDFBackground. Luka bakar adalah luka pada kulit atau jaringan organik lain yang dapat disebabkan oleh panas, radiasi, listrik, dan kontak dengan bahan-bahan kimia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan gambaran histopatologi luka bakar derajat 2 dengan pemberian epidermal growth factor (EGF) spray dengan silver sulfadiazine (SSD) pada hewan coba.
Methods. Desain penelitian ialah studi eksperimental dengan pendekatan post test only with control grup design. Sebanyak 27 ekor healthy male Wistar rats digunakan dalam studi ini (berat 200-300 gram; usia 8 minggu). Hewan coba dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kelompok yakni kelompok control (K), kelompok perlakuan EGF spray (EGF) dan kelompok perlakuan silver sulfadiazine 1% (SSD). Pemeriksaan histopatologi luka dilakukan dengan pewarnaan hematoxylin-eosin. penilaian histopatologi dengan kriteria Burkitt.
Results. Rata-rata pengukuran ketebalan epidermis permukaan luka bakar pada kelompok perlakuan baik SSD maupun EGF memperlihatkan epidermis yang lebih tebal dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. kepadatan leukosit pada jaringan granulasi kelompok perlakuan SSD maupun EGF lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok kontrol, yaitu 107,0 dan 85.
Conclusion. Pemberian EGF spray menunjukkan gambaran histopatologi yang lebih baik dibandingkan kelompok kontrol dan kelompok SSD pada luka bakar derajat 2, terutama pada proses regeneratif sel, penekanan inflamasi, dan perbaikan epitelial
Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) Gut Biota and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Related to the Severity of Systemic Lupus Erithematosus (SLE) at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang
Get PDFBackground. SLE is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies in the nucleus, deposition of immune complexes, and can attack various body tissues. Gut biota in this case short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) play a role in the inflammatory process in the SLE, while the levels of IL- 6 can also be associated with a response to inflammation which will be seen in the degree of SLE activity. This study aims to determine the correlation of SCFA Gut biota and IL - 6 with SLE degree activity.
Methods. This study is a cross-sectional study with a correlation test design, conducted from November 2021-January 2022 at RSMH Palembang with the research subjects being all SLE patients seeking treatment at the Allergy-Immunology Division of RSMH Palembang with categories of mild and moderate-severe SLE activity degree. Examination of SCFA Gut biota using stool samples and serum IL-6 levels were associated with SLE activity degree. Statistical analysis of the correlation test with Spearman for numerical data not normally distributed, and continued with linear regression test to assess the multivariate analysis in this study.
Results. The sample consisted of 32 patients, every 16 patients with mild and moderate-severe SLE activity degrees. The correlation between SCFA Gut biota with SLE activity degree was found to have a correlation coefficient of r=-0.777 with p=0.000. Correlation between IL-6 with SLE activity degree obtained a correlation coefficient of r=0.910 with p=0.000, while the correlation test between IL-6 and SCFA Gut biota obtained r=-0.633 with a value of p=0.000. Multivariate analysis found that 70.5% of SCFA Gut biota and IL-6 affected SLE activity degree.
Conclusion. SCFA Gut biota and IL-6 had a significant correlation in statistical tests with the SLE activity degree