Bioscientia Medicina - Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
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Hematologic Predictors of Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Anthracycline- or Taxane-Based Chemotherapy
Get PDFBackground: Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) is a common and serious complication of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and treatment disruptions. This study aimed to investigate the association between hematologic profiles and the occurrence of CIN in breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline-based or taxane-based chemotherapy.
Methods: A retrospective observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using medical records of breast cancer patients treated at the Oncology Surgery Clinic between 2022 and 2023. Sixty patients were included in the study. Hematologic profiles, including hemoglobin and leukocyte counts, were analyzed to assess their association with CIN in both anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy groups.
Results: The majority of patients were aged 15-64 years (86.67%), normoweight (65%), had luminal B subtype (63.3%), and were in the locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) stage (45%). Most patients were non-anemic (Hb ≥12 mg/dL) and leukopenic (71.7% and 80%, respectively). No significant association was found between age, nutritional status, or breast cancer stage and CIN (p > 0.05). However, hemoglobin and leukocyte profiles were significantly associated with CIN in both chemotherapy groups (p < 0.05). No association was found between the type of chemotherapy (anthracycline- or taxane-based) and CIN occurrence.
Conclusion: Anemia (Hb <12 g/dL) and leukopenia are significant predictors of CIN in breast cancer patients, regardless of the chemotherapy regimen. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring hematologic profiles in these patients to identify those at higher risk of CIN and implement appropriate preventive and management strategies
Impact of Open-Angle Glaucoma Severity on Vision-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Single Center in Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by the gradual loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, leading to irreversible visual field loss. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in a single center in Indonesia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the eye polyclinic of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia, from June to August 2024. A total of 54 patients with POAG were included and categorized into mild, moderate, and severe groups based on their cup-to-disc ratio and visual field index (VFI). VRQoL was assessed using the Indonesian version of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ 25).
Results: The mean VRQoL score was significantly lower in the severe group (60.63 ± 13.04) compared to the moderate (81.79 ± 10.42) and mild (85.04 ± 10.52) groups (p = 0.000). A strong negative correlation was observed between glaucoma severity and VRQoL (r = -0.667, p = 0.000). The social functioning subscale showed the strongest correlation with severity (r = -0.573, p = 0.000).
Conclusion: The severity of POAG significantly impacts VRQoL, with more severe disease associated with lower QoL scores. The social functioning domain appears to be particularly affected. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive glaucoma management that addresses not only clinical parameters but also the patient's overall quality of life
Cross-Sectional Study of Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Safety of Combination Creams (Tretinoin 0.05%, Clindamycin 3%, and Dexamethasone 0.05%) Anti-Acne – An Online Study
Get PDFBackground: Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition that causes blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples. It is caused by a number of things, like too much oil, clogged pores, and inflammation. Topical combination creams are an alternative treatment for acne. They can help reduce inflammation, kill bacteria that cause acne, and stop the skin from making too much oil. Topical combination creams like retinoids, antibiotics, and steroids are all mixed together in a single cream or gel. This study talks about the effectiveness and side effects of using combination creams (tretinoin 0.05%, clindamycin 3%, and dexamethasone 0.05%) to treat acne in the short and long term (local and systemic).
Methods: This study is a survey that was done at the Sukma clinic with data from 2022 patients who were diagnosed with acne vulgaris. The survey was done on Google Forms, which is a website. In this study, different factors were looked at, such as demographics, efficacy (like reducing acne severity, making the skin brighter, getting rid of blackheads on the face, getting rid of acne scars, improving skin texture, hiding scars, minimizing facial pores, getting rid of wrinkles and dark spots), local adverse events (like burning, itching, stinging, eruptive papules, hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, erythema, scaling, and other), and systemic adverse events.
Results: The results of this study show that a combination of tretinoin 0.05%, clindamycin 3%, and dexamethasone 0.05% is very effective and has minimal side effects. Local symptoms only show up during the first week of taking the drug (the "sensitization phase"), and then they tend to get less common over time. The only exceptions are hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, which show up later because they are caused by healing acne lesions.
Conclusion: There was no direct link between the use of anti-acne combination cream drugs and the number of systemic side effects. This is because the patient had often had this happen before (constipation, GERD, and others)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection: An Updated Narrative Review
Get PDFPneumonia cases in China, which rose sharply from October to November 2023, have received particular attention in the world of health. Chinese authorities said the trigger was not a new pathogen, one of which was Mycoplasma. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a bacteria that can cause disease by damaging the lining of the respiratory system. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can occur in all age groups, especially at school and pre-school age. Most studies report that the age group that most often experiences Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is those aged over 5 years. The importance of recognizing symptoms and providing adequate therapy is very necessary to treat pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
The Use of Trendelenburg Position in the Management of Retropharyngeal Abscess: A Case Report and Clinical Considerations
Get PDFBackground: Retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) is a serious deep neck space infection that can lead to life-threatening complications such as airway obstruction, mediastinitis, and sepsis. The Trendelenburg position, where the patient's head is lower than their feet, has been traditionally used in the management of RPA to prevent aspiration of pus in case of abscess rupture. However, the optimal positioning for patients with RPA remains a topic of debate.
Case presentation: A 51-year-old male patient presented to the emergency room with a 5-day history of progressive dysphagia and neck swelling. He was diagnosed with a ruptured retropharyngeal abscess extending to the mediastinum (descending necrotizing mediastinitis). The patient underwent surgical drainage and was subsequently admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), where he was intubated and mechanically ventilated in the Trendelenburg position. Five days later, the patient developed pneumonia, suspected to be ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
Conclusion: The Trendelenburg position may be considered in the management of RPA to minimize the risk of aspiration. However, it is essential to weigh the potential benefits against the risks, including VAP, and to consider alternative positions such as the lateral Trendelenburg position, which may offer similar benefits with reduced risk. Further research is needed to determine the optimal positioning strategy for patients with RPA
The Inhibitory Potential of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus: Implications for Dental Caries Prevention
Get PDFBackground: Dental caries is a prevalent oral health issue globally, and Staphylococcus aureus is a key pathogen involved in its development. Strawberry fruits, known for their medicinal properties, contain bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial effects. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory potential of strawberry extract against S. aureus.
Methods: A laboratory experimental study was conducted using a post-test-only control group design. Varying concentrations (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) of strawberry fruit extract were prepared. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method against S. aureus. Distilled water served as a negative control. The diameter of inhibition zones was measured after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C.
Results: Strawberry fruit extract demonstrated inhibitory effects on the growth of S. aureus at concentrations of 15%, 20%, and 25%. The average inhibition zone diameters were 0.54 mm, 2.30 mm, and 3.00 mm, respectively. No inhibition was observed at 10% concentration or with the distilled water control.
Conclusion: Strawberry fruit extract exhibits potential as an antibacterial agent against S. aureus, suggesting its possible application in dental caries prevention. Further research is needed to explore its clinical efficacy and identify the specific bioactive compounds responsible for the observed antibacterial activity
Mechanical Injury Predominates in Rural Bali, Indonesia: Implications for Prevention and Treatment of Ocular Trauma
Get PDFBackground: Ocular trauma constitutes a significant global health concern, leading to preventable visual impairment and blindness. This study delves into the clinical characteristics of ocular trauma in Karangasem Regency, Bali, Indonesia, with an emphasis on the prevalence of mechanical injuries and their subsequent implications for preventive measures and treatment strategies.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using medical records of patients diagnosed with ocular trauma at two hospitals in Karangasem Regency from January to December 2023. Data collected included demographics, type of trauma, cause of injury, onset, treatment, complications, and visual acuity.
Results: The study encompassed 385 patients (392 eyes) with ocular trauma. The majority of patients were male (78.7%), resided in rural areas (77.4%), and were adults aged 19-44 years (46.49%). Mechanical injury was the most prevalent type (45.15%), with closed-globe injuries accounting for 43.62% and open-globe injuries accounting for 1.53%. The leading causes of trauma were foreign bodies (44.13%) and blunt injury (27.04%). Notably, only 52.31% of patients sought medical attention within 24 hours of injury. The most frequent complications included subconjunctival bleeding (20.4%), corneal erosion (15.5%), and palpebral rupture (8.9%).
Conclusion: Mechanical injury is the predominant type of ocular trauma in rural Bali, primarily affecting adult males involved in labor-intensive occupations. The delayed presentation for treatment underscores the need for heightened awareness and improved access to healthcare services. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted prevention programs and prompt management of mechanical eye injuries to reduce the burden of ocular trauma in rural Indonesia
Unraveling the Pathways: A Meta-Analysis Exploring the Biopsychosocial Mechanisms Linking Psychosomatic Symptoms and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Get PDFBackground: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors. Psychosomatic symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, and stress, are common in individuals with SLE and can significantly impact disease activity and overall well-being. This meta-analysis aims to explore the biopsychosocial mechanisms linking psychosomatic symptoms and SLE.
Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases was conducted from January 2013 to December 2024. Studies examining the relationship between psychosomatic symptoms and SLE were included. Data were extracted and analyzed using random-effects models to calculate pooled effect sizes.
Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between psychosomatic symptoms (depression, anxiety, and stress) and SLE disease activity (pooled effect size: r = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.31-0.53, p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, pro-inflammatory cytokine activity, and impaired coping mechanisms emerged as key biopsychosocial pathways linking these factors.
Conclusion: This meta-analysis highlights the significant impact of psychosomatic symptoms on SLE and identifies potential underlying mechanisms. These findings underscore the need for integrated biopsychosocial interventions in SLE management, targeting both physical and psychological well-being to improve patient outcomes
Iron Deficiency and Anemia of Inflammation in Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
Get PDFBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem, with anemia being a frequent comorbidity. Anemia in TB is multifaceted, with iron deficiency and anemia of inflammation (AI) being the most common types. This systematic review aims to synthesize the evidence on iron deficiency and AI in TB, their prevalence, impact on outcomes, and management strategies.
Methods: A systematic search of PubMed and ScienceDirect databases was conducted for articles published in the last 10 years. Observational studies examining the prevalence, types, and impact of anemia on TB outcomes were included. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.
Results: The review included 7 studies involving 1,133 participants. Anemia prevalence ranged from 61% to 89% in TB patients. AI was the predominant type, with iron deficiency also prevalent. Anemia was associated with increased mortality, delayed sputum culture conversion, and impaired TB treatment response.
Conclusion: Anemia, primarily AI and iron deficiency, is highly prevalent in TB and negatively impacts treatment outcomes and survival. Effective management of anemia is crucial for improving TB outcomes. Further research is needed to optimize diagnostic and treatment strategies for iron deficiency and AI in TB
The Effect of Activated Growth Factor (AGF) from Platelets on Alpha-SMA Levels in Osteoarthritis: Invivo Study
Get PDFBackground: The most prevalent joint condition and leading contributor to disability is osteoarthritis (OA), resulting in a significant socio-economic impact. It occurs due to an imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, influencing anabolic and catabolic activities. This study aims to determine the effect of activated growth factor (AGF) on alpha-SMA levels.
Methods: This research is an in vivo post-test-only control group experimental study conducted at the Eureka Research Laboratory. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five treatment groups: normal control group, negative control group, AGF I group (TGF-β 100 pg/mL), AGF II group (TGF-β 1000 pg/mL), and AGF III group (TGF-β 10,000 pg/mL). AGF was obtained from rat blood intravenously and centrifuged at a predetermined speed. Growth factor activation was performed by adding 10% CaCl2, and then TGF-β levels were measured. All groups of rats were acclimatized for 7 days. After that, osteoarthritis was induced with intra-articular injection of monoiodoacetate (MIA) 4.8 mg/60μL in all groups of rats except the normal control group. Next, rats were given treatment according to the group for 21 days. On the 21st day, rats were euthanized, and alpha-SMA levels were measured using the sandwich method ELISA kit.
Results: Sequentially, the mean Alpha-SMA levels for each group in pg/mL were: 91.495 ± 2.36; 10.682 ± 1.09; 30.502 ± 2.00; 52.892 ± 1.29; and 76.180 ± 2.65. In the AGF group, there was an increase in alpha-SMA levels directly proportional to the dose of TGF-β injected.
Conclusion: AGF has an effect on increasing alpha-SMA levels in the joints of rats with a model of osteoarthritis