Bioscientia Medicina - Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
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Effect of Diagnosis, Complications, and Nutrition for Using Nasogastric Tube to Body Weight of Child Patients with Feeding Difficulty at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Several conditions in children can cause nutritional intake via the oral route to be inadequate. Providing enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube (NGT) is an alternative option. Research on the use of NGTs in Indonesia is still limited, so this research aims to determine the effect of NGT use on the weight of pediatric patients with feeding difficulties at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang.
Methods: Experimental research with a pre and post-test-only design was conducted on 96 children aged 1 month - 18 years in the children's inpatient room at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang. Body weight measurements were carried out before and after using NGT for 4 weeks (January 2022 – January 2023) at the pediatric nutrition and metabolic diseases polyclinic. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and ANOVA.
Results: Most subjects (40.9%) were in the 1-12 month age group. The most common type of nutrition was ONS (oral nutritional supplements) (84.4%), the most common diagnosis was pulmonology (33.3%), and the majority were without complications (72.9%). There is an influence on the child's weight before and after using NGT (p-value <0.01). Significant differences were also found in changes in children's weight with diagnosis and complications (p<0.01).
Conclusion: The use of NGT can increase the weight of pediatric patients who have feeding difficulties at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang. Significant differences were found in changes in children's weight by diagnosis and complications
Investigation of 3% Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) Leaf Extract Nanogel on the Alveolar Bone Healing: BMP-2 Modulation in Rat Models
Get PDFBackground: Alveolar bone healing relies on osteoblasts activity and differentiation, with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) playing a crucial regulatory role. Binahong leaf extract (BLE) has demonstrated efficacy in bone healing due to its rich phytochemical composition. Nanogel offers enhanced bioavailability and targeted release to effectively deliver therapeutic agents. This study aims to assess the impact of 3% BLE nanogel on BMP-2 expression in tooth extraction socket healing.
Methods: Thirty male Wistar rat underwent anaesthesia for the extraction of their lower incisors to induce alveolar bone healing. Subjects were randomly assigned into treatment (BLE nanogel) and control (base nanogel) group. Five rats from each group were respectively sacrificed at 7, 14, and 28 days after procedures. BMP-2 expression was assessed by performing immunohistochemistry analysis using BMP antibody reagent. Data were analysed using chi-square.
Results: The analysis of BMP-2 expression showed no significant difference between treatment and control groups on days 7, 14, and 28 (p>0,05). However, a subtle increase was observed in the treatment group throughout observation period.
Conclusion: Application of 3% BLE nanogel may enhance the expression of BMP-2, even though it was not significantly increase. The findings underscore the complex interplay between Binahong leaf extract, nanogel and BMP-2 expression
Freediving, Hypoxia, and Inflammation: Physiological Adaptations and Interactions between HIF and NF-κB
Get PDFFreediving presents a unique set of physiological challenges and adaptations, making it a subject of interest for researchers studying the effects of extreme environmental conditions on the human body. There is a complex interplay between freediving, hypoxia, immune responses, and inflammation, shedding light on the physiological effects of freediving on the human body. This article describes how HIF and NF-κB interact during hypoxia and inflammation, including their synergistic effects and signaling pathways. The regulatory loop involving these transcription factors is highlighted, providing insight into their linked roles in modulating the cellular response to hypoxia and inflammation
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Lupus Nephritis, Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Bilateral Pleural Effusion, Pericardial Effusion, and Hypoalbuminemia in a 20-Year-Old Male Patient: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multisystem inflammation. Lupus nephritis is a serious complication of SLE that can cause kidney failure. Community acquired pneumonia (CAP), bilateral pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and hypoalbuminemia are other complications that can occur in SLE patients.
Case presentation: We report the case of a 20-year-old man with SLE who presented with lupus nephritis, CAP, bilateral pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and hypoalbuminemia. Patients were diagnosed with SLE based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria. The diagnosis of lupus nephritis is made based on the presence of proteinuria, hematuria, and casts on urinalysis, as well as findings on kidney biopsy. CAP is diagnosed based on the presence of fever, cough, cough with phlegm, and infiltrates on chest X-ray. Bilateral pleural effusion and pericardial effusion were diagnosed based on physical examination and findings on chest ultrasound. Hypoalbuminemia is diagnosed based on low serum albumin levels. Patients are treated with steroids, antimalarials, diuretics, and antibiotics. The patient's symptoms improved and complications resolved.
Conclusion: SLE is a complex disease that can cause a variety of serious complications. Early diagnosis and treatment of these complications are essential to improve the patient's prognosis. This case shows that SLE can cause a variety of serious complications, including lupus nephritis, CAP, bilateral pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and hypoalbuminemia. Early diagnosis and treatment of these complications are essential to improve the patient's prognosis
Differences in Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Levels Based on the Degree of Histopathological Differentiation of Colorectal Cancer: Single Center Observational Study at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Colorectal cancer is the third malignancy and second leading cause of death in the world. CEA levels before surgery can be used as a cancer marker to help staging, planning, monitoring therapy and disease recurrence. One factor that influences CEA levels is the degree of differentiation of cancer cells. This study aims to determine differences in CEA levels based on the degree of histopathological differentiation in colorectal cancer patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analytical observational study using medical record data from colorectal cancer patients from January 2021 – August 2023. The sample was 65 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. CEA examination uses the ELFA method. The Mann Whitney test was used to see differences in CEA levels based on the degree of differentiation, statistically significant if p < 0.05.
Results: A total of 65 patients with an average age of 56.89 years, 58.5% men, 41.5% women. A total of 10 patients were stage I, 29 stage II, and 26 stage III. Based on histopathology, 50 patients were classified as low grade and 15 as high grade. Low-grade CEA levels were 67.72 (3.14-200) ng/mL, while high grade were 3.2 (0.57-11.42) ng/mL. There was a significant difference in CEA levels based on histopathological differentiation (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: CEA levels are higher in low-grade than high-grade colorectal cancer
Study of Analysis of Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Levels Before and After Hysterectomy in Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN) Patients: A Single Center Observational Study at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a malignant tumor originating from placental trophoblast which causes mortality due to bleeding. Trophoblast produces beta hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Quantitative examination of serum beta hCG is used to support the diagnosis and management of GTN. Hysterectomy is performed in bleeding conditions as the main therapy besides chemotherapy. This study aims to analyze differences in beta hCG levels before and after hysterectomy in GTN patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang.
Methods: Retrospective observational analytical research design cross-sectional from 21 samples of GTN patients for the period July 2021 to June 2023 at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang. Quantitative beta hCG level examination is carried out before and after the hysterectomy. The Shapiro-Wilk test was carried out for data normality and continued with the Wilcoxon nonparametric tests to find out significant differences in beta hCG levels.
Results: The most common characteristics of GTN patients were age ≥35 years, namely 15 (71.4%) patients, multiparity in 14 (66.7%) patients, and indication for hysterectomy due to bleeding in 14 (66.7%) patients. The median beta hCG level before hysterectomy was 46,000 (117.10-653,874) mIU/mL and the median after hysterectomy was 113.3 (0.12-3,693) mIU/mL. Beta hCG levels after hysterectomy were found to be normal (<5 mIU/mL) in five patients (23.8%). There was a significant difference in beta hCG levels before and after hysterectomy (p <0.001).
Conclusion: Beta hCG levels after hysterectomy decreased compared to before hysterectomy. Hysterectomy therapy is useful for reducing beta hCG levels in GTN patients
Study Analysis of Serum Phosphorylated Tau (P-Tau) Levels with Severity and Outcome in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Single Center Observational Study at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health problem that can cause death and disability in people of productive age. The diagnosis and assessment of TBI severity currently still rely on clinical examination and neuroimaging. However, limited access and cost of neuroimaging are obstacles in many health facilities. Therefore, blood-based biomarkers are needed that can help the diagnosis and prognosis of TBI. Phosphorylated Tau (p-tau) is a potential biomarker that can be measured in serum. This study aims to assess the relationship between serum p-tau levels and severity and outcome in TBI patients.
Methods: This research is a comparative study with a cross-sectional design involving 70 TBI patients who came to the emergency room (ER) of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang. TBI severity was assessed using the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and grouped into mild (GCS 13-15) and moderate to severe (GCS 3-12). Outcomes were assessed using the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) and grouped into good (GOS 4-5) and poor (GOS 1-3). Serum p-tau levels were measured using the ELISA method. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS.
Results: The median serum p-tau level in the mild TBI group was 165.84 ng/L (IQR 126.18-463.85), while in the moderate to severe TBI group, it was 177.68 ng/L (IQR 87.62-591 .93). There was a significant difference between serum p-tau levels in the mild and moderate to severe TBI groups (p=0.029). The median serum p-tau level in the good outcome group was 167.21 ng/L (IQR 87.62-463.85), while in the poor outcome group it was 187.04 ng/L (IQR 137.75-591.93). There was a significant difference between serum p-tau levels in the good and bad outcome groups (p=0.014).
Conclusion: Serum p-tau levels have a significant relationship with severity and outcome in TBI patients. Elevated serum p-tau levels are associated with increased severity of TBI and poor outcomes. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore the potential of p-tau as a biomarker in TBI management
Long-Term Effects of Tea Consumption Habits on Cardiovascular Performance of Adolescent Population: An Observational Study of Adolescent Community in Jakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Tea is a popular drink that is widely consumed in Indonesia. Some studies show the potential benefits of tea on cardiovascular health, but evidence regarding long-term effects in adolescents is limited. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between tea consumption habits and cardiovascular performance in the adolescent population in Jakarta.
Methods: This prospective observational cohort study involved 1,500 adolescents aged 15-18 years in Jakarta. Data on tea consumption habits was collected through a structured questionnaire, while cardiovascular performance was measured through blood pressure tests, body mass index (BMI), and treadmill tests. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards analyzes were used to identify the association between habitual tea consumption and cardiovascular events over a 5-year period.
Results: The results showed that regular tea consumption (≥3 cups/week) was associated with a reduced risk of hypertension (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.48-0.88) and an increase in cardiovascular functional capacity as measured by treadmill testing (HR 0 .72; 95% CI 0.55-0.94).
Conclusion: The habit of regular tea consumption among adolescents in Jakarta is associated with a reduced risk of hypertension and improved cardiovascular performance. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore the mechanisms underlying tea's protective effects
Challenges of Diagnosis and Management of Complex Febrile Seizures in Infants: A Case Study
Get PDFBackground: Complex febrile seizures (KDK) are a type of febrile seizure that is more severe than simple febrile seizures (KDS), characterized by longer duration, recurrence within 24 hours, and/or focal onset. KDK can be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, especially in infants.
Case presentation: This case report presents a 1-year-old baby girl who was treated in the emergency department (ER) with complaints of recurrent seizures and persistent fever. Physical examination revealed fever and tachypnea, while laboratory examination revealed hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and decreased hematocrit. The patient's history indicated previous episodes of febrile seizures, but no significant family history.
Conclusion: The patient was diagnosed with KDK and given fluid resuscitation, antipyretics, anticonvulsants, and antibiotics. The patient's parents are educated about KDK and its management. The patient's prognosis is considered good, with a small chance of long-term neurologic sequelae if treated appropriately
Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Hard Palate: A Rare Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is an uncommon and aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. The hard palate is a rare site for primary melanoma, and early diagnosis is often challenging due to its asymptomatic nature in the initial stages.
Case presentation: We present the case of a 58-year-old female who presented with a pigmented lesion on the right hard palate and a neck mass. The lesion had been present for a year and had gradually increased in size. The neck mass had appeared three months prior and was associated with pain. Imaging and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma with cervical lymph node metastasis. The patient underwent wide excision with right hemimaxillectomy and modified radical neck dissection type II, followed by planned postoperative radiation therapy.
Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering melanoma in the differential diagnosis of pigmented oral lesions. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are crucial for improving outcomes in this rare but aggressive malignancy. The use of adjuvant therapies, such as radiation and targeted therapy, may be beneficial in select cases