Bioscientia Medicina - Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
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A Hospital-Based Study: Interventions for Patients with Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) in National Reference Hospital, South Sumatera Region, Indonesia
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Background. Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) is a term used to describe a congenital condition where sex chromosomes, gonads, and or anatomy of a person are atypical. It is estimated to affect 1:4,500 people worlwide with varied clinical findings, hence the integrated and diverse interventions.
Objective. This study wished to observe the many interventions DSD patients received in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital as one of the national reference hospitals in Indonesia for South Sumatera region.
Methods. Medical records of 173 patients with clinical findings in accordance with DSD spectrum during 2013-2017 was observed in order to identify both surgical and medical interventions applied.
Results. Sixty two patients were diagnosed of having hypospadias (35.84%), making it the most common clinical finding among DSD patients in this hospital. Surgical intervention was the most favored intervention, with 155 patients (89.6%) underwent various surgeries, ranging from urethroplasty to vaginoplasty and many more. Five patients(2.9%) were treated with either hydrocortisone and florinef, or both. One patient diagnosed with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) had both surgical and medical intervention.
Conclusion. DSD gives a wide phenotypic spectrum, making its management both challenging and complicated. Surgical, medical, and or a combination of both are the indispensable interventions when dealing with DSD patients. Study focusing on psychological intervention for DSD patients is further needed.
Keyword: Disorders of Sex Development, DSD, surgical, medical, intervention
Aphrodisiac Effects of Areca Fruit in Erectile Dysfunction Rat Model
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Erectile Dysfunction (ED) cases are quite high in both women and men and increase with age. Areca fruit, ginseng and purwoceng are plants that have been traditionally used to increase male vitality. This in vivo experimental research study with pre and post-test control group design located in the laboratory of animal house and the biomolecular laboratory Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya University. The subjects of this study were albino rats (Rattus norvegicus), Wistar strains, divided into 6 groups are negative control, Sildenafil, Areca Fruit Extract (AFE) 50 mg/kgBW, AFE 100 mg/kgBW, Combination of Areca Fruit, Ginseng and Purwoceng (AGP) 50 mg/kgBW and AGP 100 mg/kgBW. Female rat was injected by giving 500 mg/100 g of subcutaneous progesterone and 10 μg/100 g of BB benzoate 48 hours before mating so that female mice enter the esterus phase. In this study it was found that Combination of Areca fruit, Ginseng and Purwoceng (AGP) group 50mg/kgBW significantly improved testosterone levels compared to sildenafil, while single areca fruit (AFE) dose 50mg/kgBW increased FSH and LH levels as well as sildenafil statistically.
Keywords: areca fruit, erectile dysfunction, FSH, ginseng, LH, purwoceng, testosteron
Body Mass Index as a Parameter of Running Speed
Get PDFSpeed is determined by several factors such as anatomical and physiological factors. Body Mass Index (BMI) is one of an indicator from anthropometric measurement that is relevant to distinguish the capacity and performance of athletes. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between BMI and running speed. It was an observational research with cross-sectional design of 35 students of Athlete High School in Palembang. students. The primary data was taken from anthropometric measurements (stature meters, weight scales, meters) and assessment of 50 meters running speed tests. Data analysis was executed by using Pearson or Spearman correlation test in SPSS. The BMI of subjects varied from 17.05 to 27.12 with mean 21.48. The running speed of subjects varied from 5.67 to 8.17 m/s, with an average of 6.78 m/s. The bivariate analysis showed that there was a weak negative correlation between BMI and running speed (r = -0160). There was a weak negative correlation between BMI and running speed (r = -0160). A negative correlation means that the greater BMI then the less time it takes to run at a distance of 50 meters, in other words, the better performance of athletes
Birth Anthropometry Characteristics of Hypospadias Patients in Palembang, Indonesia
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Background. Hypospadias is one of the most common urogenital anomaly in males. The etiology is poorly understood, but is believed to be multifactorial where Intra Uterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is one of the suspected risk factors, leading to low birth weight and low birth length in affected patients.
Objective. This study aims to identify the birth anthropometry characteristics of hypospadias patients who visited RSUP. Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang.
Materials and Methods. This was an observational descriptive study with cross sectional design. This study included hypospadias patients with detailed birth characteristics in RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang during the period of 2012-2015.
Results. Out of 106 hypospadias patients, only 19 (17.92%) of them presented with detailed birth characteristics. There were 12 (63,2%) patients with low birth weight and 7 (36,8%) patients with normal birth weight. There were 10 (52,6%) patients with low birth length and 9 (47,4%) patients with normal birth length. The mean birth weight is 2442 grams and the mean birth length is 46,9 centimeters.
Conclusion. The majority of hypospadias patients in this study showed a low birth weight and low birth length, signalling an accordance to the existing theory.
Keywords: Hypospadias, birth anthropometry, characteristic
Sleep and Bone Density: A Study on Postmenopausal Indonesian Women
Get PDFBackground: Low bone density has been known as one of the factors that increased fracture risk. Aging, estrogen deficiency, low BMI, and inadequate calcium intake are known factors that contribute to decreased bone density. Other than the known factors, some research show that sleep duration can also lower bone density. Sleep affects bone density in a way that it causes increased level of cortisol, proinflammatory cytokine, and decreased in physical activity.
Method: This study is an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. It is conducted on menopausal patients that has been examined with bone mineral densitometry at Poliklinik Reumatologi Penyakit Dalam RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in November 2017 to Oktober 2018. Samples are collected using total sampling technique.
Results: From 93 subjects that participated in this study, 20,4% of them had osteopenia, and 51,6% had osteoporosis. Patients with low bone density, mainly slept for 6 to 8 hours at night per day, 30 minutes of nap per day, and has a total sleep duration for less than 8 hours each day. This study shows no significant association between night-time sleep, daytime napping, and total sleep duration with bone density (p value = 0,168, p value = 0,831, p value = 0,984). Analysis on other risk factors show significant association between body mass index and low bone density (p value = 0,002).
Conclusion: There are no significant association between sleep duration and bone density in menopausal patients at Poliklinik Reumatologi RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang
Antidepresant effects of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) extract in depressed induced rats using 3-minutes Tail Suspension method
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Background. The increasing prevalence of depression gives rise to challenges in not only elucidating its diverse causes, but also in finding an effective treatment. One of the factors linked to depression is the imbalance of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine neurotransmitters. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) as one of the world’s wellknown cooking ingredients is believed to be able to regulate the neurotransmitters imbalance with the help of terpenoids and flavonoid polyphenols as one of its content.
Objective. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of cinnamon extract as an antidepressant in depressed induced animal model.
Methods. An experimental in vivo with pre-post control group design was conducted in twenty five Wistar strain white rats that were divided into 5 treatment groups that received fluoxetine as positive control, aquades, and different dose of cinnamon extracts (50 mg/kgBW, 100 mg/kgBW, and 200 mg/kgBW). Depression induction method used was 3-minute Tail Suspension Test, done for 14 days. The antidepressant effectiveness test was carried out by calculating the immobility time duration with Forced Swimming Test method and was further analyzed using one-way ANOVA test.
Results. One-way ANOVA test results showed that there were differences in the mean duration of immobility time between treatment groups after being given cinnamon extract (p value = 0,000). Groups that were given 100 mg/kgBW cinnamon extract and 200 mg /kgBW showed a p value>0.05 when compared with positive control group receiving Fluoxetine although displayed a similar reduced immobility time.
Conclusion. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) extract showed a promising potential as an effective antidepressant tested in animal model.
Keywords: cinnamon, extract, depression, immobility time, ra
Geographical Variations of Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) in South Sumatera Region
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Background. Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) is a condition where the development of sex chromosomes, gonads, and/or one’s anatomy is atypical. Its causes are often due to genetic mutations, although some are also linked to environmental risk factors. These multiple aetiologies lead to varied clinical findings, ranging from obvious ambiguous genitals to subtle ones in different regions worldwide, signalling a hint of geographical variability.
Objective. This study wishes to observe the variations of clinical findings of DSD patients geographically in South Sumatera.
Methods. This was an observational study using patients’ medical records in RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Both inpatients and outpatients during five-year period span (2013-2017) with clinical findings suited DSD criteria based on Chicago Consensus in 2006 were included in this study.
Results. One hundred and forty nine patients from cities and regencies in South Sumatera province and other provinces like Jambi, Lampung, Bengkulu, Bangka-Belitung, and even Riau were included in this study. Among sixteen clinical findings identified, hypospadias ranked first (59.06%), both in general, and in each regions as well. When set by side with other regions, Palembang city as the capital city of South Sumatera province displays twelve out of sixteen clinical findings documented in this study, showing a lot more variety.
Conclusion. Every regions show difference clinical findings. Some regions housed clinical findings that were not found in other regions. However, hypospadias is the most commonly found clinical findings in all regions. It is suspected due to its correlation with certain environmental risks, that the occurence of it becomes rather often, compared to other DSD conditions. Future studies considering risk factors involvement in order to elucidate both differences and similarities found in each regions are strongly suggested.
Keywords: Disorders of Sex Development, DSD, Geographical variations, South Sumatera
 
Biomolecular Aspects of Schizophrenia
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Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disorder, which is characterized by severe distortion of reality; disturbances in thoughts, feelings and behavior; according to DSM V is a disorder form deviations fundamentals and characteristics of thought and perception, and by the innapropriate or blunted affect. The influence of genetics is believed to have a role in psychiatric disorders, especially if the disorder has occurred in young adults or adolescents. The pathophysiology of schizophrenia is closely related to disorders of the biomolecular aspects of the central nervous system. Dopamine activity in the striatal area and prefrontal cortex is a mechanism believed to be the cause of the emergence of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Meanwhile, neuronal cell apoptosis and increased oxidants, especially in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex areas cause worsening of negative symptoms experienced by schizophrenic patients
Identification of Plasmodium Falciparum Merozoit Surface Protein-1 (PFMSP-1) Gene From Malaria Patients in Hanura Area, Lampung, Indonesia
Get PDFIntroduction: Malaria is a major health problem not only in Indonesia, but also the world. Incidence of anti malarial drug resistance has been found, and one of the possible cause is genetic factors. The changes that occur in the Plasmodium falciparum gene cause genetic variations that lead to resistance for treatment. There is a gene with high polymorphism that can be used as a gene marker of genetic variation in Plasmodium falciparum.
Aim of Study: This study aim to identification of plasmodium falciparum merozoit surface protein-1 (PFMSP-1) gene from malaria patients in Puskesmas Hanura, Pesawaran, Lampung.
Methods: Descriptive method with morbidity survey approach is used in this study. There are total 23 biological material stored that had been taken in 2016 from malaria patient in Puskesmas Hanura, Pesawaran, Lampung, by consecutive sampling. Identification of genetic variance of the Plasmodium falciparum gene was performed by nested PCR at Medical Faculty Biomolecular Laboratory of Lampung University. The results of this study were processed using a computer software.
Results: There are 23 samples that amplified following nested PCR for Plasmodium falciparum Merozoit Surface Protein-1 (PFMSP-1) gene target. In all samples studied, there are PFMSP-1 gene with six variations base pair length range from 200 to 2000 bp.
Conclusions: this study has successfully amplified PFMSP-1 gene from individual’s blood sample infected by Malaria in Puskesmas Hanura work region, Pesawaran, Lampung
The Comparison of High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen and Conventional Oxygen Therapy on Early Effect Hemodynamic Indicators in Post – Upper Abdominal Surgery Patients: A Pilot Study
No full textBackground
The effect of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) on hemodynamic data of the patients is still unknown. This was a pilot study to evaluate the effect of HFNC and conventional oxygen therapy (COT) on post-upper abdominal surgery.
Methods
This was an open-label randomized controlled trial (RCT) at tertiary hospital between February-June 2019. Inclusion criteria were ASA III, aged 18-65 years, BMI 18,5-29 kg/m2. Exclusion criteria were patients with unstable hemodynamic with vasopressors, general oedema, and uncooperative. Thirty patients were recruited and divided into HFNC group (n=15) and COT group (n=15). Hemodynamic parameters were recorded using the bedside monitor (heart rate, respiratory rate, and mean arterial pressure) as well as the electrical cardiometry using ICON® measurements (stroke volume index, cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance index); laboratory parameters were ScVO2 and lactate serum. Data were collected at 0, 30 and 60 minutes post-extubation.
Results
The General Linear Model (GLM) tests on clinical parameters (HR, RR and MAP) were P= 0.20; P=0.72; P = 0.18, ICON® parameters (SVI, CI and SVRI) were P= 0.02;P =0.64; P =0.64 meanwhile ScVO2 and lactate were P = 0.35 and P = 0.22. Despite those results, at some period of measurements there were a tendency of a better outcomes of most parameters for the HFNC group.
Conclusion
According to the results, the only statistically significant outcome was SVI (P =0.02) after the analysis between those two groups. However, the HFNC group showed a clinically improvement of the other outcomes among post-upper abdominal surgery patients.
Keywords
High flow nasal cannula, conventional oxygen therapy, haemodynamic, abdominal surger