Bioscientia Medicina - Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
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The First Look in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Geographical Distribution in National Reference Hospital, South Sumatera Region, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized with disorders in cognitive, behaviour, and social interaction. It is estimated to affect 1:160 children worlwide. Despite its increasing trend, the exact cause of it is yet to be known.
Objective. This study wished to identify the geographical distribution of ASD cases in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital as one of the national reference hospitals in Indonesia for South Sumatera region.
Methods. Medical records of the patients who are diagnosed with ASD during 2014-2018 was observed in order to identify the patients’ residential area.
Results. There were 107 patients who were clinically diagnosed of having ASD during 2014-2018 in Dr Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang. Based on its residential area, ASD cases were mostly found in Palembang as the capital city of South Sumatera Province.
Conclusion. ASD is found in small and big cities across the South Sumatera province, implying its common occurrence. The varied prevalence could be signifying the role of different related risk factors identified in the area
Herpes Zoster: Clinical Manifestation, Treatment, and Prevention
Get PDFHerpes zoster (HZ, shingles, zoster) is a disease due to reactivation and multiplication of persistent varicella zoster virus (VVZ) after suffering from previous varicella with characteristics of dermatomal rashes, pain, and unilateral. Dermatoms most often involved in HZ lesions are thoracal, trigeminal, lumbal, and cervical. The first lesion is usually erythematous macule or papule, which then turns into vesicle, then to pustule and to become crust, and persists for 2-3 weeks. The main goal of antiviral therapy in HZ patients is to reduce the expansion, duration, and severity of rashes and pain in primary dermatomes; prevent the spread of HZ to other places; and prevent post-herpes neuralgia. One of the prevention strategies for HZ in the elderly and high-risk individuals is vaccination using the varicella zoster virus vaccine that is live zoster vaccine or recombinant zoster vaccine
Vascular and Cardiorespiratory Factors are Associated with Functional Capacity in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFA B S T R A C TIntroduction Diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease that has globally increasedprevalence annually 1 . Impaired functional capacity due to poor blood sugar controland presence of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. Six minute walk test is amethod that is widely used in the assessment of functional capacity in patients withType 2 Diabetes Mellitus.ObjectiveTo evaluate factors that are associated withfunctional capacity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Methods This is an analyticobservational study with a cross sectional design. Fourty patients who had beendiagnosed with diabetes mellitus was assessed by six minute walk test. Chi squareand logistic regression analysis was perform by using SPSS 25. Results Six minutewalk test correlated significantly with Ancle Brachial Index scores (p = 0.016) andBody Mass Index (p = 0.03) Conclusion Ancle Brachial Index Score and Body MassIndex are factors associated with functional capacity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitu
Does Electroencephalography Result Affect the Success of Treatment for Epilepsy Patients ?
Get PDFA B S T R A C TIntroduction: Approximately there is 50 million people with epilepsy in the world.Currently, pharmacological management is the most therapeutic option. However,about 30% of patients will develop drug-resistant epilepsy. Many factors arethought to affect the treatment success. This study was conducted to determinethe relationship between electroencephalographic results and epilepsy treatmentsuccess. Methods : This is cross sectional observational study. Inclusion criteriawas epileptic patients aged > 18 years and had received epilepsy treatment for atleast 1 year. The chi-square test is performed to see the relationship betweenresearch variables. Results: EEG results has an effect on the success of therapy(p 0.027). The most common type of epileptiform abnormality is sharp waves. Themost epileptiform amplitude and location were 80 microvolts and in the temporallobe. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between EEG abnormalitiesand the epilepsy treatment success
The Role of p24 Immunohistochemistry to Identify HIV Lymphadenitis
Get PDFIntroduction : That was a difficulty to diagnose the early stage of HIV while the symptoms was only enlargement of the lymph nodes, so that the pattern A of HIV lymphadenitis that presented on histopathological examination is expected to be a determinant of early-stage. Although the staining of p24 antibody has already be used to detect HIV infection in the tissue, but the positivity of p24 in pattern A HIV lymphadenitis has not been investigated.
Aim of study : To identify pattern A of HIV lymphadenitis on histopathological examination and to identify p24 antibody to be a determinant of early-stage HIV infection.
Methods : This is a retrospective descriptive study. We collected 64 cases of non spesific lymphadenitis from the Anatomical Pathology archive, Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital and examined these cases by using the criteria of pattern A HIV lymphadenitis in the tissue specimen. Then we performed the staining of p24 antibody by immunohistochemistry.
Results : There were twelve by sixty four (12/64) cases of that have pattern A HIV lymphadenitis on microscopic evaluation. Only three cases was clinically noted as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) by clinician, while 11 of 12 cases showed immunohistochemistry positive for p24 antibody.
Conclusion : Most of the patten A HIV lymphadenitis (11/12) showed the positive staining for p24 antibody. In patients who had received Anti Retro Viral (ARV) therapy, the staining of p24 antibody was negative. This study still needs more samples, the serologic data of the patient to be more reliable
Evaluation of Malondialdehyde in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients as Oxidative Stress Markers in Bengkulu Population
Get PDFHyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) can cause individuals to experience oxidative stress conditions, accompanied by a decrease in antioxidant activity in protecting cellular components against the attack of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS oxidized lipid components can produce Malondialdehyde (MDA). Evaluation of MDA can be used as a marker Oxidative stress which can indirectly describe the effects of ROS because ROS compounds are reactive. This study aims to determine the analysis of MDA in T2DM subjects at the Sentinel Public Health Center in Bengkulu City in 2017.research Analytic with a case control study design in 40 samples of T2DM subjects (cases) and 40 Non-DM samples (control) were carried out at the Sentinel DM Health Center in Bengkulu City. Data collection used questionnaires, measurements of Body Mass Index, examination of Fasting Blood Glucose and plasma MDA (spectrophotometry). The results of this study there were differences in characteristics (Gender, Age, BMI, Blood Pressure, Fasting Blood Glucose) in subjects with T2DM and Non-T2DM in the Bengkulu City Sentinel Health Center in 2017 (p <0,000). There was a significant difference (p= 0,000) in higher MDA levels in patients with T2DM than non-DM subjects. The MDA frequency distribution in the case was MDNormal (24%) and MDA Normal (6%), whereas in the control was MDA Not Normal (26%) and MDA Normal (44%). There were significant differences in MDA frequency distribution between cases and controls (p= 0,000). The subjects of T2DM had a risk of 6.77 times an increase in MDA levels compared to Non-DMT2 (p= 0.000, OR 6.77 IK 95% 2.44-18.73). The correlation between levels of GDP and MDA was statistically significant (p <0.001) with a positive correlation direction (0.340). The results of this study are expected to be used as a basis for the development of individual therapy in subjects with T2DM in order to prevent the occurrence of complications early on
Characteristic of Bacterias And Antibiotic Sensitivity of Blood Culture in Sepsis
Get PDFIntroduction: Sepsis is a group of symptoms caused by infection, characterized by organ dysfunction due to compromised hosts response to infection hence may lead to a life-threatening condition. One of the treatments for sepsis stated in one hour-bundle is the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics before the culture results obtained. Improper use of antibiotics may lead to antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to describe the microbes pattern and their sensitivity to antibiotics in patients with sepsis at Muhammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, to contribute to a useful treatment guideline and to provide a reference for further research.
Methods: This study was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design using medical record of patients diagnosed with sepsis whose blood culture results were positive. This study was conducted at Muhammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, from January 2017 to December 2018. The data was processed and analyzed by univariate analysis using the SPSS 21.0 computer program.
Results: The study subjects were predominantly children with Gram-positive bacteria (24.6%) as the most common cause. The most common bacteria observed were Staphylococcus epidermidis (35.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (27.3%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (24%), and Staphylococcus hominis (21.4%). Linezolid (100%), nitrofurantoin (100%), and quinupristin/dalfopristin (100%) were found to be sensitive to gram-positive bacteria.
Conclusion: Gram-positive bacteria were the most common cause of sepsis in Muhammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang. The bacteria were sensitive to linezolid, nitrofurantoin, and quinupristin/ dalfopristin
ACE2 Receptor in the skin and Cutaneous Manifestations of SARS-Cov-2: A Review of the Literature
Get PDFA B S T R A C TSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newlydiscovered coronavirus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Theinteraction of SARS-CoV-2 transmembrane spike (S) glycoprotein with the humanangiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (hACE2) is the primary method of virus entry tothe cell. ACE2 is a transmembrane enzyme involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. This enzyme plays pivotal roles in blood pressure regulationsand also electrolyte homeostasis. The expression of ACE2 in various skin cells hasbeen demonstrated in previous studies. Keratinocytes in the epidermis show anexceptionally high expression of ACE2. In addition to human skin, ACE2 is alsofound in animals’ tissues and were exceptionally high in cats and dogs’ skin andeyes. This finding suggests their obscure role in COVID-19 transmission. Cutaneoussymptoms of COVID-19 in humans exist as the consequence of ACE2 presence inthe skin. The possible mechanisms of COVID-19 clinical manifestations in the skinare upregulated innate immune human response, hypercoagulable state, and non-structural proteins in SARS-CoV-2. These processes are presented as differentdermatologic manifestations, which are maculopapular rash, papulovesicular rash,and livedo reticularis. This review aims to link the theoretical framework andpublished findings to establish the connection between ACE2 expression in skin andcutaneous manifestations of COVID-19
Papaya (Carica Papaya L.) Seed Extract as Male Contraception via Decreasing The Quality of Rat's (Rattus Norvegicus) Sperm
Get PDFBackground. Population growth needs to be controlled so as not to cause new and serious problems. Pregnancy and birth control is a solution to control this sizable population growth. Contraception is a way to prevent pregnancy, by inhibiting the process of ovulation, fertilization and implantation. Nevertheless, most of contraceptive regiments were aimed to woman. Male contraception nowadays is very rare. Papaya seed is one of the male contraceptive candidates which has the potential to be developed as male contraception. Previous studies have shown the potential of papaya seed extract could reduce the weight of reproductive organs of male white rats, where it was believed that there was a decrease in spermatogenesis activity.
Methods. This research was an in-vivo experimental research post-test only with control group. The study used 32 male and healthy rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain with 8-10 weeks of age. Rats were grouped into 1 control group and 4 treatment groups that were randomly selected. The four treatment groups were group 1: control administered 1% 2ml CMC orally one time per day every morning, group 2: were given N-hexane papaya seed fraction, group 3: were given ethyl acetate papaya seed fraction and group 4: were given ethanol-water papaya seed fraction. The three fractions were given to rats orally at a dose of 100 mg / KgBB / day for 24 days. After that, rat's testes and epidydimis were evacuated to observe reproductive organs and sperm quality.
Results. Anatomically, Group 2 and 3 were statistically significant in reducing testicular's and epidydimis' weight compared to the control group, but the n-hexane group was more effective in reducing testicular weight than other treatment groups. Furthermore, groups 2, 3 and 4 were statistically significant in reducing sperm quality (motility, viability, amount of sperm cells and normal sperm cell morphology) compared to the control group, but the n-hexane group was more effective in reducing sperm quality than other treatment groups.
Conclusion. Papaya seed n-hexane fraction has potential as a male contraceptive by reducing spermatogenesis activity and decreasing sperm quality in white rats.
Keyword : papaya seed, male contraception, rat's sper
Fiberoptic Endoscopic Examination of Swallowing (FEES) Evaluation in Post Stroke Patients
Get PDFIntroduction. Complications caused by post-stroke dysphagia increase the morbidity and mortality of patients. Although it has a significant effect on the functional abilities and worsening of the patient's prognosis, post-stroke dysphagia is still under-noticed and often undiagnosed. The importance of knowing the incidence of post-stroke dysphagia, not only to determine its relationship to the pathology of the disease but also to determine treatment plans or follow-up interventions. This study aims to determine the incidence of FEES findings in post-stroke dysphagia both hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic stroke.
Methods. Forty post-stroke patients in the Inpatient and Outpatient Installation of the THTKL Section and the Neurology Section of Dr. Hospital. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang conducted a FEES examination to see leakage, residue, penetration, and aspiration after being given six different types of food boluses ranging from filter porridge, rice porridge, oatmeal, water, milk, and biscuits. The results of the assessment are recorded and analyzed descriptively.
Results. From 40 research subjects found 25 people experiencing dysphagia, where subjects with non-hemorrhagic stroke types were 21 people (52.5%), while hemorrhagic stroke types were four people (10%). The occurrence of leakage of filter porridge was 5 findings, leakage of rice porridge was eight findings, oatmeal leakage, water, and milk were seven findings each, and biscuit leakage was two findings. The incidence of filtered pulp residues was 12 findings, rice porridge residues were 14 findings, oatmeal residues were 15 findings, water and milk residues were five findings each, and biscuit residues were eight findings. The incidence of penetration of filter porridge, rice porridge, and biscuits was one finding each, oatmeal penetration was not found, while water and milk penetration were six events each. The aspirations of filter porridge, rice porridge, oatmeal, and biscuits were not found, while water and milk aspirations were seven findings.
Conclusion. The incidence of dysphagia in post-stroke patients both hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic in the Inpatient and Outpatient Installation of the THTKL Section and the Neurology Section of the Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang Palembang is quite high at 62.5%. The occurrence of food residues is the most FEES findings. While aspirations are the fewest findings