Bioscientia Medicina - Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
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Relationship between Preventive Behavioral Factors and Malaria Incidence in Endemic Areas of Lahat Regency in 2021
Get PDFBackground: Malaria is still one of the main infectious diseases of concern in the world. Lahat Regency is a moderate malaria-endemic area in South Sumatra, where there are still several villages with an API value above 1 and indigenous cases, although the average API value in all health facilities is below 1.
Methods: Quantitative research with a case-control design was employed. The sampling technique used stratified random sampling with year strata, namely 2018, 2019 and 2020 with 50 case respondents and 100 control respondents. The total number of samples collected was 150. Case respondents were people who suffered from malaria and are recorded in the Malaria Surveillance Information System in the working area of the community health center, which has a village with an API value of 1 and the presence of indigenous cases. Control respondents were the closest neighbours of cases with the same age characteristics as the case. This study aimed to identify and analyse risk factors for preventive behaviour related to malaria incidence in the endemic area of the Lahat Regency.
Results: : Bivariate analysis revealed that the habit of using insect repellent was connected with the incidence of malaria in the endemic region of Lahat Regency, with a p-value of 0.042 and an odds ratio of 2.160 in the endemic area. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the most dominant risk factor was the habit of using mosquito repellent.
Conclusions: The habit of using mosquito repellent is a risk factor for malaria incidence in endemic areas of the Lahat Regency. It is necessary to increase individual self-prevention behaviour and counselling activities regarding preventive behaviour by local health service facilities
Herbal Medication of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Narrative Review
Get PDFA mouth ulcer or recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a mouth mucous tissue inflammation. This disease mainly occurs in patients 10-40 years of age, preferably in women and high socioeconomic backgrounds. The cause of mouth ulcers or RAS could be trauma, infection, digestive problems, or blood disorders. Herbal practitioners widely use herbs, folks, and society to treat various diseases. This research aimed to describe the herbal treatment for RAS. The review results show there are nine plants with the ability to cure RAS, they are Persea americana Mill., Averrhoa bilimbi L., Abrus precatorius Linn., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze., Psidium guajava L., Kaempferia galanga Linn., Aloe vera, Curcuma longa and Citrus hystrix DC. The most parameters used in the studies are clinical trials and in vitro tests
Ductus Omphalocele Mesenteric Persisten: A Case Reports
Get PDFBackground: The ductus omphalomecenterica is a normal embryological structure where it serves to connect the midgut of the fetus to the yolk sac. Usually, this ductus will disappear at 9 weeks gestation. However, if this condition does not occur, then it can cause various anomalies to appear in the fetus.
Case Presentation: The patient was reported to be hospitalized with the chief complaint of choking. Echocardiography examination with the results of the examination found the presence of cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD). The patient was referred to pediatric surgery with a diagnosis of persistent mesenteric duct omphalocele. Terminal ileum anastomoses resection laparotomy was performed.
Conclusion: After surgery due to complications of pneumonia and sepsis, the patient died
Disorder of Sex Development, Mosaic Genetic Disorder 45x, 46xy: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground. Disorder of sex development (DSD) is a congenital disorder associated with interference in chromosomes, gonads, or sexes anatomically. Individual affected with DSD can be recognized since birth due to external genital ambiguity. Sexual chromosome DSD occurred because sexual chromosome numeric or structural disorder. Mosaic karyotype 45X/46XY is among the rare sexual chromosome DSD with incidence less than 1:15,000 live births. DSD individuals are susceptible to stigmatization. This can cause stress, negative emotion, and social isolation. Therefore, DSD individual management should be done as optimal as possible.
Case Presentation: Twelve years old girl complaining a bump arose from anterior side of her genital resembles male genital since 4 years prior to admission without micturition and defecation complains. Patient has not experienced menarche. On external genital examination, we found the normal female external genital such as mons pubis, pubic hair, labia majora, labia minora, hymen, perineum, but without clitoris which in this case it is replaced by a glans of penis, arising from anterior commissure of labia majora area, with an urethral estuary. Before the management is done, patient underwent multidiscipline consultations and further examinations. Subsequently, it was approved that the joint conference formation consisting obstetric and gynecology, urologist, and pediatric endocrinologist to determine the optimal management for the patient.
Conclusion: In this case, diagnosis was made with history taking, clinical examination, and supporting investigation such as ultrasound imaging and could be followed by biochemistry test, voiding cystourethrography or genitogram to determine next management. Counseling should be done in detail towards the family to know what action is best for the patient. Multidiscipline team was required to get the optimum result either in medical, ethical, or religious point of view. Surgery in this case was considered followed by long term therapy afterwards
Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Leukorrhea
Get PDFThe most frequently reported complaints in the urogenital organ system is leukorrhea, also known as fluor albus. Leukorrhea is a discharge secreted from the genital organs, mostly occur in female. Leukorrhea has a significant incidence rate and varies according to many factors such as hormone and infection. Leukorrhea can be physiological in female, but when excess discharge is accompanied by other characteristics, the leukorrhea is considered pathological. This genital discharge also occurs in male for pathological reasons, mainly caused by infection. Several pathogenic infections, whether transmitted through secual contact or not, are the etiology of complaints of leukorrhea. Some specific pathogens will cause different symptoms in the two sex groups. To make a diagnosis, it is important for the examiner to carry out a detailed and coherent history, especially regarding sexual contact and a history of risky sexual behavior. Although some infections are asymptomatic, complications may occur if infections are not treated properly as early as possible. The management of leukorrhea is based on an examination and treatment algorithm with syndromic approach
Activity of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase (CYPs) Metabolic Enzymes as Markers of Insecticide Resistance in Anopheles vagus Muara Enim Mosquitoes, Indonesia
Get PDFThe use of synthetic pyrethroids in insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs) and spray form (IRS) has been carried out since 2012 in Muara Emil Village and since 2016 in all villages in Tanjung Agung District, Muara Enim Regency. Biochemical resistance can occur to the enzymes that play a role in detoxifying the insecticide. This study aims to identify whether there is an increase in the levels of the enzyme Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYPs) through the enzyme biochemical test on the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles vagus originating from Pagar Dewa Village and Muara Emil Village, Muara Enim Regency. The sample of female Anopheles mosquitoes was not full. Blood was taken at night using the resting collection method. Mosquitoes that have been identified as Anopheles vagus species are used to check CYPs enzyme levels using the ELISA method. The results of the biochemical test showed that enzyme levels increased from the Muara emil and Pagar Dewa village mosquitoes with a percentage of 71% and 61.53% (with cut off point OD> 0.165). The value of CYPs enzyme levels for mosquitoes from Muara Emil village was higher than that of the mosquitoes from Pagar Dewa Village (mean 0.005027 ± 0.007). The increased activity of the CYPs enzyme plays a role in the detoxification of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides that can cause resistance. The high levels of enzymes from the villages of Muara Emil and Desa Farah Dewa are in line with intensive insecticide exposure in eradicating malaria vectors in the highest malaria transmission areas in Muara Enim Regency
Klippel Trenaunay Syndrome: A Brief Overview
Get PDFKlippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a rare congenital vascular disease. The pathogenesis of this syndrome is unclear, but it is thought that most cases are the result of somatic mutations that affect genes that play a role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Some patients come with a triad of capillary malformation (hemangioma or port-wine stain), venous varicosities and bony or soft tissue hypertrophy. Clinical presentation of this syndrome can lead to significant morbidities and mortalities due to severe bleeding and emboli. Although the number of cases is low, a doctor must be able to distinguish Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome from other rare vascular disorders. Parkes Weber syndrome is usually similar to Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, except in the arterial malformations associated with capillary malformations and soft tissue to skeletal or bone hypertrophy. The diagnosis of Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome is carried out clinically and is quite difficult to do even with experienced doctors because there is no precise pathognomonic test. There are several options in relation to the management of Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome and non-invasive procedure is considered to be the most important of therapy modalities. Early diagnoses, progression monitoring, and proper intervention should be carried out for better prognosis and preventing complication
The Relationship between Recurrence Rate and Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer in Locally Advance Breast Cancer (LABC) Post Mastectomy: Focus on Comparison of Luminal A and Luminal B
Get PDFBackground. Breast cancer is the highest prevalence of malignancy for women in Indonesia and important national health problem. Estimated 2 million women developed breast cancer in 2018 with a mortality rate of 14.1 in every 100,000 women. Regarding the relationship between subtypes and breast cancer recurrence Several studies on gene expression have shown several subtypes of breast cancer, including the two most important subtypes, estrogen receptor (ER) positive (Luminal A and Luminal B) and ER negative (Triple negative and Her2 positive). Based on the explanation above, currently there is no data in Soetomo Hospital that discusses the role of breast cancer subtypes as a prognostic factor in determining the recurrence rate in locally advanced breast cancer.Methods. The research design is an associative test using a retrospective cohort observational analytical study design, associating the relationship between tumor subtypes with recurrence in locally advanced breast cancer patients after mastectomy and has received additional therapy according to standard procedures at Dr. Soetomo Surabaya This study used secondary data from the medical records of the Oncology Polyclinic, RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya from 2014 to 2019.Results. The research subjects who have been selected according to inclusion criteria are 214 people, with the proportion in the population of luminal A and luminal B subtypes of 107 people each. Based on this study, it was found that the subtype was positively correlated with recurrence in LABC patients who had undergonecmastectomy with a significance value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05; 99% CI).Conclusion. There is a relationship between the recurrence rate and the molecular subtype of breast cancer in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients after mastectomy at Dr Soetomo Hospital
Congenital Heart Diseases in Pregnancy
Get PDFThis research aims to shed light into congenital heart diseases, the pathophysiology, and the ultrasonographic findings of congenital heart diseases. Congenital heart diseases are a major health concern, affecting 1.35 million children born every year. Ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, and atrioventricular septal defect are found in 57.9% cases of congenital heart diseases. The risk factors include consanguineous marriage, family history of congenital heart diseases, old maternal and paternal age, and exposure to teratogens, and genetic factors. Missteps in cardiac development are the main pathophysiology of congenital heart diseases. Ultrasonography screening in 18–22 weeks gestational age is utilized to screen. Follow-up screening can increase detection rate to 80%. This study has limitation of only discussing most common congenital heart diseases and did not delve into rarer types of congenital heart diseases and did not discuss impacts or burden of congenital heart diseases in adulthood and health comorbidities associated. This literature review is beneficial for general practitioners and obstetricians focusing in maternal fetal medicine
Sensitivity and Specificity of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) against Endometriosis
Get PDFBackground. Endometriosis is a benign disorder defined by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus. Endometriosis occurs in 10-15% of women during their reproductive years. Angiogenesis and the inflammatory response are important factors in the development of endometriosis. The formation of a new blood supply is a crucial step in the formation of endometrial lesions. Angiogenesis is induced by a growth factor peptide, namely vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). VEGF-A is known as a vascular permeability factor that plays an important role in the pathological angiogenesis process and is a more specific and prominent angiogenesis factor among the VEGF family. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of examination VEGF-A of menstrual blood in diagnosing endometriosis compared to laparoscopy. Methods. This diagnostic test research has been carried out at the gynecology polyclinic, especially the division of Fertility, Endocrinology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University- Dr. Central General Hospital. Mohammad Hoesin from August to November 2018, there were 45 patients who met the inclusion criteria. VEGF-A examination in instrumental blood based on ELISA examination. Data analysis to measure sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy using Medcalc statistics. Results. From the results of this study, it is known that the majority of the study samples were aged 31.69 years (24-38 years) 75.6%, body mass index (BMI) 51.1% with normal BMI, experienced infertility by 82.2% of the sample, most of the samples did not smoke (95.6%) and most experienced mild pain 55.6% using the VAS pain scale. From this study, it is known that 84.4% or 38 of the study samples had endometriosis with a cut off point value of VEGF-A > 347 pg/mL. From the results of this study, it is known that the sensitivity of VEGF-A in diagnosing endometriosis is 84.2%, specificity is 85.7%, positive predictive value is 97%, negative predictive value is 50% and accuracy is 84%. Conclusion. VEGF-A menstrual blood can be used as a diagnostic tool for endometriosis