Bioscientia Medicina - Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
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The Relationship between Plasma Hypocretin Levels and Sleep Disorders in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Get PDFIntroduction: There are many areas of brain degeneration in people with Parkinson's disease. The dopaminergic degeneration process in the midbrain causes early symptoms of sleep disturbances. Hypocretin produced by the hypothalamus is involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Some research results regarding the relationship between plasma hypocretin levels and sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease are still controversial.
Method: This research is a cross sectional study in Neurology Polyclinic Dr. M. Djamil Padang and Network Hospital. All research subjects measured hypocretin levels and sleep disorders using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Statistical analysis was performed on a computerized basis using IBM SPSS statistics version 23.0 for windows.
Result: A total of 60 patients with Parkinson's disease were included in this study, 30 subjects experienced sleep disorders and 30 others had no sleep disorders. There was a significant difference in lower plasma hypocretin levels in the Parkinson's group with sleep disorders, namely 81.817 ± 22.770 and in the group without sleep disorders, plasma hypocretin levels were found to be 255.416 ± 226.590 (p = 0.000). There was no statistical difference in clinical degree, age, duration of illness between the Parkinson's group with sleep disorders and the group without sleep disorders p > 0.05.
Conclusion: There is a significant difference in hypocretin levels against the sleep disorder group in people with Parkinson's disease. In this study, there was no association between age, clinical degree of Parkinson's disease, and duration of Parkinson's disease and sleep disturbances. Degeneration in the olfactory bulb area, hypothalamus, and brainstem can precede dopaminergic degeneration in the midbrain and cause sleep disturbance symptoms
Histopathological Features of Cutaneous Tuberculoid Granuloma Disorders
Get PDFTuberculoid granulomas consist of epithelioid histiocytes, Langhans giant cells and rarely foreign bodies with lymphocytes, plasma cells and caseous necrosis. The granulomatous reaction pattern is defined as a typical inflammatory pattern that is characterized by granulomas. Various etiologies can lead to granulomatous reactions. The histopathological features of cutaneous disorders with tuberculoid granuloma include cutaneous tuberculosis, tuberculids, Morbus Hansen, syphilis and rosacea. There are various clinical manifestations of tuberculoid granuloma with similar appearances which makes it difficult to establish a definitive diagnosis. The histopathological features of cutaneous tuberculoid granuloma disorders can support the diagnosis. Therefore, the clinician can determine the appropriate treatment with the right diagnosis
Effects of Oral Administration of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) on Obesity in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)
Get PDFIntroduction: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most widely employed food enhancers. Although the umami compound, controversy persists regarding the effects of MSG intake on body weight. Chronic MSG intake may result in excessive body weight gain and obesity. Consumption of MSG result in organ damage, cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress, and also risk factors for obesity. This study aims to determine the effect of oral MSG on obesity in adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Methods: This true experimental study used the post-test control group design. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (received distilled water), Group 1 (MSG 0.378 mg/gr BW), Group 2 (0.756 mg/gr BW) and Group 3 (1.512 mg/gr BW). The obesity parameter was obtained by the Lee index. Kruskal-Wallis test follows by Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the Lee index between groups.Results: Lee’s index mean for each group was 358.4%, 314.1%, 287.8%, and 320.9%, respectively. The Kruskal Wallis test showed a significant difference in the Lee index between groups (p = 0.043). A follow-up test using Mann-Whitney found a significant difference between group 2 and the control group (p = 0.043, p <0.05). The mean of Lee index of group 2 was 70.51% lower than the control group.Conclusion: This study concluded that Lee index was not increased in MSG-treated rats than in the control group after oral MSG intervention for 21 days
Clinical Correlations Delirium and other Comorbid in Elderly with COVID-19 Infection
Get PDFBackground. Delirium is a common condition in geriatric patients. One of the trigger factors for this condition is an infection, such as COVID-19 infection. Elderly with COVID-19 show atypical symptoms such as delirium. Elderly patients with COVID-19 who present with delirium, either as a primary symptom or showing symptoms or signs, have a poor prognosis. This study were aimed to presents covid-19 elderly patient with comorbid delirium.
Case presentation. A 77-year-old woman with disorientation for one day came to Emergency Department with her family. She had no history of headaches, blurred vision, or seizures. However, she had a fever, did not want to eat for three days, and had a purulent decubitus ulcer. The patient was diagnosed with acute delirium syndrome, confirmed COVID-19 with sepsis, malnutrition, hypercoagulation, grade III decubitus ulcer, suspected dementia, immobilization, total dependence. The patient admitted to the isolation ward. The patient had meropenem 500 mg every 12 hours, anticoagulants and favipiravir according to the dose and parenteral nutrition.
Conclusion. Patients with COVID-19 who present with delirium, either as a primary symptom or presenting symptoms or signs, have a worse outcome. Delirium relationship with comorbid factors can increase mortality and morbidity in the elderly with COVID-19
The Role of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Get PDFAcute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome are characterized by rapid-onset respiratory failure following a variety of direct and indirect insults to the parenchyma or vasculature of the lungs. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a form of extracorporeal life support where an external artificial circulator carries venous blood from the patient to a gas exchange device (oxygenator) where blood becomes enriched with oxygen and has carbon dioxide removed. This blood then re-enters the patients circulation. The potential advantages of ECMO over conventional manajement may extend beyond its role in supporting patients with ARDS. ECMO may facilitate and enhance the application of lung-protective ventilation by minimizing ventilator-induced lung injury
Relationship of Food Leftover with Covid-19 Inpatients Recovery Speed in Palembang Indonesia
Get PDFBackground : Hospital nutrition services support the patient's recovery process, which the activity is feeding. One indicator of quality in food service is food leftover. The high food waste can affect the patient's health. The high food waste will pose a risk of malnutrition in hospitalized patients. The study aimed to analyze the food leftovers in COVID-19 inpatients at the Palembang referral hospital.Methods : This cross-sectional quantitative descriptive study was with a sample of 112 patients selected by purposive sampling in February-May 2021. Data were taken using the Comstock form and then translated in the form of percent leftover food. According to the Minister of Health, the minimum leftover food is less than 25 percent.Results : The results showed that more than 25 percent of the leftover food were 51 respondents; Thirty-three respondents (54.1%) have fully recovered and 28 respondents (45.9%) still in improvement. On the other hand, the leftovers food of less than 25 percent were 51 respondents; Forty respondents (78.4%) have fully cured, and 11 people (21.6%) still in treatments. The analysis of Chi-square test results shows a p-value of 0.013, showing a significant relationship between food waste and the recovery of COVID-19 patients.Conclusion : The food waste of COVID-19 patients in referral hospitals was still relatively high. It is necessary to modify the diet menu to prevent leftovers and speed up the patient's recovery
Success Rate on Double-J Stenting on Gynecological Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis Study
Get PDFBackground. Metastatic cervical cancer in the ureter may lead to obstructive uropathy due to mechanical ureteral blockage. The insertion of a double-J (DJ) stent is a urinary diversion option that can be offered to the patients, but it becomes challenging due to the high rate of failures. This study aim to analyze the success rate on DJ Stent placement on patients with gynecological malignancy.
Methods. The study was a systematic review using medical journals collected from Google Scholar, BMJ and PubMed. The journals were searched from 2015 to 2020. The database search throughout 2015-2020 using “Double J Stent’, “Gynecological”, “Malignancy”, “Kidney failure”, “Hydronephrosis” and “Urethral Obstruction”. A literature search was performed and evaluated based on established criteria. The quality assessment of included studies done according to the PRISMA. Meta analysis were done using the fixed effect model or random effect model.
Results. The identified article on each med were collected using Mendeley Desktop software. There were 101 scientific publication from PubMed, 232 from Scopus, 1 from Cochrane and 60 from reseachgate results found using the combined keywords. The total of 7 publications matched all the inclusion criteria in this study.
Conclusions. Patient’s general well-being could be measured by the staging of the malignancies and kidney function laboratory test. Another factor should be think through was the side effects of the chemotherapy or radiotherapy, as well as the compliance of the patient during stent maintenance
Anatomy and Histologic of Intrinsic Aging Skin
Get PDFAging is an inevitable and dynamic biological process that is characterized by the progressive deterioration of body systems and declines in physiological reserve capacity. Aging skin has distinct two types: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic changes reduce collagen production, blood flow, amount of skin lipid, and loss of rete ridges. Intrinsic aging or chronological aging is cannot be restored to the skin with characterized by sagging skin and some expression of excess wrinkling lines. Intrinsic aging changes in thickness and characteristics of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Histologically, epidermis thinner by leveling off the dermo-epidermal junction. In the dermis, collagen fibers become thicker and irregular than younger skin, reducing the elasticity of the skin, while hypodermis reduces lipid volume
Preventive Effects of Phenolic Compound Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) on the Incidence of Hand Foot Syndrome Induced Capecitabine
Get PDFHand foot syndrome (HFS) is a reaction that occurs on the skin of the palms and soles. feet, caused by the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs with symptoms such as tingling, pain, erythema, dry skin, swelling, increased pigmentation and itching. This condition is still a problem in the treatment of patients given capecitabine. Although HFS does not cause death, in severe cases it can affect the quality of treatment and interfere with daily activities. The cause of HFS is still unclear but from research it is known that capecitabine and its metabolites will increase the expression of the COX-2 enzyme, inhibit the arachidonic pathway, increase PGE2 activity, causing inflammatory reactions in the form of erythema, edema and pain. The phenolic components contained in EVOO, namely oleocanthal and hydroxytyrosol compounds in several studies have the same properties as celecoxib and ibuprofen as anti-COX-2, will inhibit the arachidonic synthesis pathway, reduce prostaglandin activity and reduce inflammatory reactions
Understanding Anorexia and Eating Capability of Older Adults in Attempt to Prevent Malnutrition
Get PDFBecause of the rise of life expectancy, the older adults are now a big part of world’s population. In United States, prevalence of adults aged more than 65 years old increased from 36.6 million in 2005 to 47.8 million in 2015. In Indonesia, percentage of older adults increased two-fold from 1971 – 2019 as much as 9,6% or more than 25 million people. Along with this aging population, eating problems and malnutrition are getting more frequent. Aging causes several changes and degradation of body function which physiologically lead to anorexia and eating difficulty in older adults. Moreover, the other age-related factors such as social factor, economic factor, psychological factor, diseases and polypharmacy also have significant impact on food intake in older adults. Prevalence of inadequate energy intake and malnutrition in older adults are increasing, which lead them to become susceptible to acute and chronic diseases or worsening of their disease, increase hospitalization, and increase mortality rate. Even so, the signs of malnutrition of older adults are often late to be recognized, whereas the recovery of malnutrition in older adults is much more complicating than in younger adults. This review discusses about problems encountered by older adults that decrease their intake and cause malnutrition, to help clinicians recognize the cause of malnutrition in older adults earlier