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An Account of English YES/NO Interrogative Sentences within ARTEMIS
Get PDFAs stated in Periñán-Pascual and Arcas Túnez (2010, p. 2671) FunGramKB´s lexical and grammatical levels are grounded in sound linguistic theories, allowing the system to capture syntactic-semantic generalizations which are able to provide both explanations and predictions of language phenomena. The linguistic foundation of FunGramKB is inspired on Role and Reference Grammar (RRG, Van Valin, 2005) and the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM, Ruíz de Mendoza & Mairal Usón, 2008; Mairal Usón & Ruíz de Mendoza, 2008). The close interrelation between these grammatical theories and FungramKB is patent in the design of ARTEMIS (Automatically Representing Text Meaning via an Interlingua-Based System”), an NLP system whose objective is the simulation of natural language understanding. In doing so, ARTEMIS becomes a development of the syntax-to-semantics linking algorithm proposed in RRG which involves a parsing process that starts with a natural language sentence, extracts its morphosyntactic features and provides a representation of these in terms of the so-called layered structure of the clause (LSC) in RRG. Because of its centrality, there is a vital need for a full development of ARTEMIS. This paper aims at contributing to this elaboration by proposing the set of rules and operations necessary for the treatment of Yes/No interrogative sentences within such an NLP system
Editors’ Introduction: Linguistics, Translation and Teaching in LSP
Get PDFThis special issue of Revista de Lenguas para Fines Específicos takes a broad view of the field of languages for specific purposes (LSP) that includes the characteristics of language in specific areas of study, adaptation during the translation process and the teaching of specialized courses. The seven papers in the present issue of the journal discuss innovative practices and findings in linguistics, teaching and translation in a variety of fields, such as engineering, medicine, business and education
Engineering students’ motivational variables towards English and the learning of the English language
Get PDFThis study examines the influence of motivational variables (integrative vs. instrumental motivation, attitudes, L2 anxiety and linguistic self-confidence) towards the learning of English in the current globalised university context. A total of 76 engineering undergraduates at the University of the Balearic Islands (U.I.B) participated in this study. A questionnaire was used to elicit students’ responses. The results indicate that contrary to previous research (Wimolmas, 2013), integrative reasons for learning the English language have the greatest influence on ESP students’ motivation. The findings also show that the integrative orientation that drives participants is more closely related to their wish to integrate and fluently communicate with a broader international community rather than with a specific valued target language community (Dörnyei, 2009; Papi, 2010). This new conceptualisation of L2 motivation involves a no longer clear-cut separation between integrative and instrumental orientations. The data also reveal that engineering students have highly positive attitudes to learn English, especially female students who score significantly higher in their ratings. Engineering students also show a high level of linguistic self-confidence, although they are found to experience a great deal of language anxiety mainly associated with classroom-related factors
Constitutive metaphor and mental mappings: meaning construction in the language of science and technology
Get PDFThe study of scientific and technical language, where metaphor is central, is enriched by the cognitive linguistics approach. This paper is based on the research project that culminated in the Bilingual Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Metaphors and Metonymies, developed to depict metaphorical terms and mental mappings, thus unfolding cognitive metaphors in science and technology. Although terminological metaphors as a whole exceed widely in number those that constitute part of conceptual metaphors, the importance of the latter radicates in its relevance as a constitutive element of scientific thought and language. Focusing on the analysis of metaphorical terms from earth sciences, agronomy, and mechanical engineering, the study reveals the presence of several conceptual metaphors, typified as ‘humanizing’, ‘organicist’, and ‘objectual’, according to their source domain’s nature. The work presents some very productive conceptual metaphorical patterns found in knowledge representation in engineering, in English and in Spanish, and shows evidence that metaphorical reasoning is a mechanism present at the core of creative scientific development albeit certain socio-cultural variations. This contribution opens a door for further research on the role of metaphor in constructing meaning within all branches of science and technology, as well as on the study of knowledge representation variations in different languages and cultures
SPECIAL ISSUE: New Insights into Meaning Construction and Knowledge Representation
Get PDFThe ten papers that have been selected for publication in this special issue entitled “New Insights into Meaning Construction and Knowledge Representation” present the outcomes of recent relevant investigations conducted both within Spain and international contexts, and which have been supported by research projects related to various aspects of meaning and knowledge representation. In particular, the findings presented in this volume combine insights from theoretical and computational linguistics in the context of natural language understanding, with parallel studies conducted within the realm of cognitive linguistics with special reference to the role of metaphor and other cognitive operations in meaning construction. Many of the contributions that are presented here are examples of the integration and collaboration between linguistics and other diverse fields such as Natural Language Processing (NLP), semantic memory loss disorders, aeronautic engineering or computer science, that reveal the need to link contemporary linguistics to other arenas that may have a direct and significant impact on society..
Educación lingüística y desarrollo de competencias en evaluación. Análisis de una experiencia en Magisterio. Language Education and Assessment Skills Development. Analysis of an Experience in Teachers Training. doi 10.20420/ElGuiniguada.2017.142
No full textEste trabajo aborda una experiencia de renovación metodológica en las titulaciones de Maestro en Educación Infantil y Primaria. Se persigue, desde el ámbito de la evaluación, activar prácticas educativas que promuevan y maximicen la capacidad de los maestros en formación para regular los propios procesos de aprendizaje, la construcción del conocimiento y el desarrollo de competencias profesionales, entre las que se encuentra la evaluación orientada al aprendizaje (EOA). A partir del diseño metodológico y procedimiento de evaluación realizados en la asignatura Lengua Española para Maestros, junto con los datos recabados en las encuestas de los estudiantes, es posible acceder al análisis descriptivo-exploratorio de los tres últimos cursos académicos y conocer cuál es el grado de dominio percibido en torno a su aprendizaje y capacidad evaluadora. Como conclusión más relevante del estudio se extrae que la responsabilidad en su propia evaluación, así como en la de los compañeros, genera dinámicas que contagian el sentimiento de responsabilidad hacia su aprendizaje.This paper presents a teaching innovation experience at grades of Primary and Childhood Education. The aim is to promote educational practices through assessment procedures which promote and maximize the capacity of future teachers to regulate their learning processes, the construction of knowledge and professional skills development, including Learning Oriented Assessment (LOA). Through a design for the subject Lengua Española para Maestros and data from student surveys it is possible to analyze the last three academic courses and know about their learning control perception and assessment competence. As one relevant conclusion, the own and pairs assessment responsibility expands over responsibility feeling about their learning
ARTEMIS: State of the Art and Future Horizons
Get PDFThe syntactic parser ARTEMIS (Automatically Representing Text Meaning via an Interlingua-based System) is a prototype intended to process natural language within the environment of the Functional Grammar Knowledge Base (FunGramKB) (Periñán-Pascual & Arcas-Túnez, 2010). Different from other parsing devices, ARTEMIS is grounded on two functional linguistic models: Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) (Van Valin & La Polla, 1997; Van Valin, 2005) and the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM) (Ruiz de Mendoza & Mairal Usón, 2008). However, certain adjustments have to be made to both models in order to meet the requirements derived from the fact that ARTEMIS follows the paradigm of Unification Grammars, in such a way that to comply with this paradigm, the GDE (Grammar Development Environment) within ARTEMIS needs to integrate two types of constructs: a catalogue of Attribute-Value Matrixes (AVMs) to describe grammatical units, and a set of production rules (grammatical, lexical and constructional) to allow it to produce a feature based grammar. It is the aim of this paper to give an overview of the investigation carried out so far within ARTEMIS in relation to these two aspects. We will do so by revisiting the literature in relation to the adjustments made to the linguistic models, especially to the RRG, and by reviewing the efforts made to describe the units and design the rules necessary for the parsing of simple sentences in English. Our paper will conclude by pointing at prospective research needed for the completion of this project
The process of building the upper-level hierarchy for the aircraft structure ontology to be integrated in FunGramKB
Get PDFIn this article we collect a corpus of texts which operate with a controlled language (ASD Simplified Technical English) in order to facilitate the development of a new domain-specific ontology (the aircraft structure) based on a technical discipline (aeronautical engineering) included in the so called “hard” sciences. This new repository should be compatible with the Core Ontology and the corresponding English Lexicon in FunGramKB (a multipurpose lexico-conceptual knowledge base for natural language processing (NLP)), and, in the same vein, should eventually give support to aircraft maintenance management systems. By contrast, in previous approaches we applied a stepwise methodology for the construction of a domain-specific subontology compatible with FunGramKB systems in criminal law, but the high occurrence of terminological banalisation and the scarce number of specific terms, due to the social nature of the discipline, were added problems to the most common NLP difficulties (polysemy and ambiguity). Taking into consideration previous results and the complexity of this task, here we only intend to take the first step towards the modelling of the aircraft ontology: the development of its taxonomic hierarchy. Consequently, the hierarchy starts with the whole system (i.e., an aircraft) and follows the traditional decomposition of the system down to the elementary components (top-down approach). At the same time, we have collected a corpus of 2,480 files of aircraft maintenance instructions, courtesy of Airbus in Seville. For the bottom-up approach (under construction), we consult specialised references end explore the corpus through the identification and extraction of term candidates with DEXTER, an online multilingual workbench especially designed for the discovery and extraction of terms
El hiperversículo en la generación de los novísimos
Get PDFThis article examines the “hyperverse”, as I will call the metric unit longer than the typical free verse line. The free verse innovates the modernist silva by introducing the versículo, a compound line whose members share the general hendecasyllabic rhythm. The prosification of Juan Ramón Jiménez’s last poems meant a radical evolution of the free verse, but this move remained marginal. However, the hyperverse of the “novísimos” arises in the sixties as a link between the original free verse and its prosified variety. Besides, the hyperverse is a characterizing feature of the poetry of the “novísimos” which relates their generation to the vanguard.Este artículo estudia una unidad métrica mayor que el versículo del verso libre, a la que denomino “hiperversículo”. El verso libre innova la silva modernista introduciendo el versículo, verso compuesto de miembros que comparten el ritmo endecasilábico de los versos simples. La prosificación de los poemas en la última etapa de Juan Ramón Jiménez quedó como un desarrollo extremo y marginal. Sin embargo, el hiperversículo de los novísimos aparece en los sesenta como un puente entre el verso libre inicial y sus formas ‘prosificadas’. Por otra parte, el hiperversículo es un rasgo de la poética de los novísimos que los vincula a las vanguardias.Cet article étudie une unité métrique plus grande que le verset du verset libre, que j\u27appelle « hyperversicle ». Le vers libre innove la silva moderniste en introduisant le versicle, un vers composé de membres qui partagent le rythme hendécasyllabique du vers simple. La prosification des poèmes dans la dernière période de Juan Ramón Jiménez est restée un développement extrême et marginal. Cependant, l\u27hyperversicule des « novísimos » est apparu dans les années soixante comme un pont entre le vers libre initial et ses formes « prosifiées ». D\u27autre part, l\u27hyperversículo est une caractéristique de la poétique des « novísimos » qui les relie à l\u27avant-garde