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Uzbekistan’s initiatives to ensure peace and stability in Central Asia, raising relations of friendship and cooperation with neighboring states to a new level
No full textPurpose: This study explores Uzbekistan’s strategic initiatives aimed at fostering peace, stability, and regional cooperation in Central Asia. It examines diplomatic, environmental, and infrastructural efforts led by Uzbekistan to enhance relations with neighboring states and address shared regional challenges.
Research methodology: The research adopts a qualitative approach, analyzing policy documents, international agreements, and public statements by Uzbekistan’s leadership. Key focus areas include peace-building efforts in Afghanistan, ecological preservation in the Aral Sea region, water resource management, nuclear disarmament advocacy, and development of transport infrastructure.
Results: The findings demonstrate Uzbekistan’s leadership in initiating multilateral engagements, such as consultative meetings of Central Asian heads of state and cross-border agreements on water and environmental security. Notable achievements include the formalization of state borders, increased regional trade and tourism, advancement of nuclear-weapon-free status in Central Asia, and substantial investments in transport projects like the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway. These initiatives have elevated Uzbekistan’s role as a stabilizing force and catalyst for regional integration
Implementation of restorative justice in the settlement of crimes of persecution by TNI soldiers whose cases have been resolved under customary law
No full textPurpose: This study aims to analyze the Implementation of Restorative Justice in the Settlement of Criminal Acts of Abuse by TNI Soldiers Whose Cases Have Been Settled According to Customary Law.
Research/methodology: In this study, the author uses a qualitative data analysis method, namely data that is described using terms that are separated based on classification to reach a conclusion. To analyze the data, the author uses phenomenology with a descriptive case study design, namely drawing actual events to get a picture of the existing research object, then analyzing it according to the provisions of related laws and regulations, legal theories and opinions of legal experts. Drawing conclusions is done using Deductive Logic.
Results: The author concludes that customary law is the basis for the Restorative Justice settlement in criminal acts of abuse committed by TNI soldiers, so the author believes that the Oditur should make and convey a legal opinion to the Case Submitting Officer which can be in the form of a request that the case be resolved according to soldier disciplinary law, or closed for the sake of law, public interest or military interest because the case has been resolved through Restorative Justice by undergoing customary law. Furthermore, after the issuance of Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2024 on the Implementation of Restorative Justice in the settlement of criminal acts of abuse committed by TNI soldiers whose cases have been resolved through customary law or resolved through peace between the defendant and the victim or their heirs before the trial and all agreements have been implemented, the judge can use this as a consideration in the decision and examination process. In the settlement of criminal acts of abuse by TNI soldiers, the victim has been resolved through customary law settlement, this becomes a general requirement by the Judge in imposing a conditional/supervisory criminal sentence
Analysis of international legal protection of the existence of the state of Palestine and the legality of Israel's counter-attacks against the attacks launched by Hamas
No full textPurpose: This study is expected to provide significant scientific contributions in understanding the dynamics of international law in the context of armed conflict, as well as providing policy recommendations to strengthen efforts for a peaceful resolution.
Research/methodology: This study uses a normative legal method with a case approach and is analyzed based on relevant international legal principles, including the Charter of the United Nations, the Geneva Conventions, and international humanitarian law.
Conclusions: This study concludes that although the right to self-defense is recognized internationally, its implementation must always be in line with the principles of justice, humanity, and applicable law to avoid things that can worsen the humanitarian situation.
Contributions: this study provides a significant scientific contribution in understanding the dynamics of international law in the context of armed conflict, as well as providing policy recommendations to strengthen efforts for peaceful resolution
Juridical analysis of the position of laboratory results in proving narcotics crimes in the military environment (Juridical Review in Decision Number 12-K/PMT-II/AU/V/2021)
No full textPurpose: This study aims to analyze the Juridical Position of Laboratory Results in Proving Narcotics Crimes in the Military Environment (Juridical Review in Decision Number 12-K/PMT-II/AU/V/2021).
Research/methodology: This research is a type of normative juridical research, the data analysis in this thesis research is descriptive analytical.
Results: It is associated with the position of laboratory results as evidence that should be very absolute and very strong because it cannot be disputed because the laboratory results are the results of measurement and weighing, because something measured that is weighed contains certainty rather than just a statement, because it is impossible for people to know the content of blood, the urine contains narcotics if you only look at urine and blood. So in this case, the laboratory results are very strong compared to witness statements and witnesses in general. According to the Minutes of the Criminal Laboratory Examination No. LAB 5743/NNF/2020 dated December 3, 2020, Evidence No. 3312/2020/NF to 3316/2020/NF,- in the form of cups, plastic clips, plastic bottles with straws, plastic bottle caps with straws and aluminum foil containing methamphetamine. The author argues that a negative urine test result as the only evidence is not enough to acquit the defendant of all charges, the judge must consider all the evidence presented and the decision must be based on a minimum of two valid evidence. If there is no other evidence sufficient to support the charges, the defendant can be acquitted, but if there is other strong evidence, the defendant can still be found guilty even if the urine test is negative
Legal Analysis of the Implementation of Article 33 of the Criminal Code Concerning Minors in Military Relations with Law Number 11 of 2012 Concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System
No full textPurpose: In the Indonesian criminal law system, the protection of children in conflict with the law receives special attention, including children involved in military service. Article 33 of the Criminal Code and Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System are two interrelated legal norms in the context of legal protection for military minors. Article 33 of the Criminal Code and Law Number 11 of 2012 are two laws that apply and have a direct impact on how military minors are tried. However, there is a potential contradiction between these two laws that needs to be further examined. Children in conflict with the law have the right to receive special protection. Analyzing how juvenile criminal law is applied to military minors can help ensure that these rights are respected. Ensuring that all individuals, including military minors, are tried fairly is a basic principle of law.
Research/methodology: Data collection is done through document analysis and literature study, which includes visits to libraries and other sources relevant to the research topic.
Contributions: This research can make an important contribution to our understanding of how juvenile criminal law is applied in the military context. This can help inform future policy and practice. Given the minimum and maximum ages for entry into military education, it is possible that some individuals who join the military may still be considered children in the context of juvenile criminal law
Partnership strategy patterns of micro, small, and medium enterprises in increasing the productivity of crocodile leather artisans in Mimika Regency
No full textPurpose: This study aims to analyze partnership strategies between Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and various stakeholders particularly NGOs and financial institutions to enhance the productivity of crocodile leather craftsmen in Mimika Regency, Papua. It explores how institutional collaboration can strengthen market access, financial literacy, and sustainability.
Research/methodology: The study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, involving key stakeholders such as MSME actors, local government agencies, and partner institutions. The data were analyzed thematically to identify key patterns and collaborative practices.
Results: The findings show that strategic partnerships especially with NGOs and cooperative financial entities significantly improve production management, marketing outreach, and product value for local craftsmen. NGOs play a critical role in mentoring, capacity building, and ensuring sustainability through continuous engagement. However, the absence of formal contracts and inconsistent raw material supply remains a challenge.
Conclusions: Strategic partnerships with NGOs and financial institutions effectively enhance the productivity and sustainability of crocodile leather MSMEs in Mimika. These collaborations support business capacity and market access. However, supply chain vulnerabilities due to informal contracts and raw material instability remain key challenges. Strengthening institutional agreements is essential for long-term MSME resilience.
Limitations: The study is limited to a single regency and focuses primarily on crocodile leather MSMEs, which may not reflect broader MSME dynamics in Papua. Furthermore, the data are predominantly qualitative, limiting generalizability.
Contribution: This research contributes to the discourse on MSME development in remote regions by emphasizing the role of sustained institutional partnerships and ongoing mentoring. It offers a replicable model for MSME empowerment through hybrid collaboration strategies that blend financial inclusion and technical support
Improve resiliency through operational risk management: Case study in coffee shop ABC
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this research is to enhance the competitiveness of SMEs by creating operational risk management using ISO 31000:2018. This includes the process of identifying, evaluating, and mitigating risks in operational processes and will be applied to ABC Coffee Shop. This research is important considering that SMEs are one of the driving forces of the country's economy, but have a high failure rate due to intense competition and a tendency to be weak in various areas.
Method: The research utilized a qualitative descriptive case study method, involving primary data gathered through interviews with internal MSME stakeholders, as well as secondary data. This study aims to provide valuable insights for MSMEs, offering competitive solutions to help them thrive and remain competitive.
Results: The research results indicate that MSME Coffee Shop ABC faces 12 operational risks, with two posing an extreme level of risk that requires immediate attention.
Limitations: We recognize that risk management applies only to the MSME ABC Coffee Shop and focuses on operational risks. However, further research should address the overall risk to provide a broader picture of these findings.
Contribution: ABC-MSMEs should consider these findings when making decisions regarding future risk management. Additionally, MSMEs must consider these factors when planning business strategies and making decisions to achieve higher financial performance.
Novelty: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to implement risk management in MSME coffee shops using ISO 31000:2018
Examining the relationship between financial performance indicators and capitalization ratios: Analysis of Ghana's banking sector
No full textPurpose: This study examines the relationship between the capitalization ratio and business profitability, particularly its effect on return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). Capitalisation is crucial for financial growth and operational stability; however, an imbalance in the capital structure can adversely affect profitability. This study examines the essential issue of optimising capitalisation to improve firm performance, particularly under fluctuating economic conditions.
Method: This study employs a quantitative research approach to analyse firm-level data and to examine the relationship between capitalisation and profitability, with E-veiw as the analytical tools for regression analysis. The results indicate that elevated capitalisation ratios correlate with diminishing profitability and lower equity returns, highlighting the danger of excessive leverage. Overreliance on debt financing increases financial and operational risks, restricts liquidity, and reduces shareholders’ net returns.
Results: This research provides practical recommendations for corporate executives and governments. Businesses are urged to use balanced capital structures to improve financial flexibility and secure sustainable returns. Policymakers must strengthen regulatory frameworks to promote prudent financial management and mitigate the dangers linked to excessive debt financing.
Contribution: This study contributes to the literature by offering empirical information regarding the relationship between capitalization and profitability, specifically in emerging markets. The work's novelty is in its concrete advice that links academic frameworks to practical financial strategies
Development of investment activities in the automobile industry of Uzbekistan in the conditions of the digital economy
No full textPurpose: The article examines innovative indicators of industrial growth reserves. Activation of innovative factors is the most difficult, but the most promising way to increase industrial production.
Method: The paper examines the factors of influence of nanoinvestment activities on increasing the efficiency of economic indicators of enterprises of the automotive industry and the classification of investments, methods of assessment in the study of existing problems in the national automotive industry market, as well as methods of analysis based on the presented approaches.
Results: The analysis made it possible to identify significant reserves in increasing the level of capacity utilization, increasing labor productivity, modernizing fixed assets, as well as diversifying and increasing the competitiveness of industry
Community Empowerment as a Catalyst for Marine Ecotourism: The Case of Spermonde Archipelago, Makassar
No full textPurpose: This study aimed to examine the development of marine ecotourism and the community’s participation in marine ecotourism development in the Spermonde Archipelago. The findings were used as a foundation to create a conceptual framework for community empowerment in marine ecotourism in the Spermonde Archipelago.
Methodology/Approach: The research was conducted on several islands in the Spermonde Archipelago, Makassar City, including Samalona Island, Kodingareng Keke Island, Barrang Caddi Island, and Lanjukang Island. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through interviews, observations, documentation, and a literature review. The informants included local communities, government officials, the private sector, and academics. The data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis.
Results/Findings: The research developed a framework for community empowerment in marine ecotourism, focusing on improving political, economic, and environmental quality of life. Based on findings from the Spermonde Archipelago, it showed that ecotourism transformed natural resources into tourism products, leading to diverse community perceptions about its impacts. Community involvement was driven by economic motives but limited by knowledge and skills in integrating tourism and conservation. Nonetheless, communities had opportunities to participate in development, planning, and benefit distribution.
Limitations: This research did not provide a detailed set of practical strategies based on the formulated community empowerment model.
Contribution: This study contributed to the conceptual understanding by proposing a community empowerment model in the Spermonde Archipelago. This model was expected to serve as a theoretical reference for implementing community empowerment focused on social and environmental justice