UET Peshawar Publications Site (University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar)
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CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION OF SWRRB MODEL FOR MALIR WATERSHED BASIN
No full textEvaluation of SWRRB (Simulator of Water Resources in Rural Basin) model was carried out by calibration and validation on annual runoff and sediment yield data of Malir river basin. The calibration and validation of model was carried out on 4-years (1976-1979) and 8-years (1980-1987) data respectively, obtained from Hydrology section of WAPDA. The simulated results of model calibration indicated that annual runoff and sediment yield during calibration period of 4 years were closely related to the observed values and yielded maximum correlation coefficients nearly 0.929 and 0.938 respectively. To further verify the calibration of model, the model was validated by simulating the results of annual runoff and sediment yield for validation period of 8 years (1980 to 1987) of Malir river basin. The results revealed that the simulated results were showing very strong correlation with the observed data. Similarly the simulation of mean monthly runoff and sediment yield for data record of 12 years showed highly Significant correlation with the observed mean monthly runoff and sediment yield. The reasonable accuracy of model predictions indicates that the SWRRB model is versatile for characterizing watershed basins for accurate estimation of future flows to base management decisions.Sensitivity analysis of SWRRB model revealed that curve number (CN2), bulk density (BD) and available water capacity (A WC) exhibited significant effect on runoff volume. Whereas runoff volume was not sensitive to the change in soil cover (SC), leaf area index (LAI). temperature (TEMP) and solar radiation (RA). Sediment yield was more sensitive to the change in crop management (C), tillage operation and channel width (w) than the change in channel slope and Manning's roughness coefficient (n)
COMPUTER-SIMULATED SAFETY TEST OF A FINK-TYPE ROOF TRUSS
No full textThe safety of a Fink-type truss system following the BS5950’ design requirements is examined. The design point approach of reliability analysis is developed to determine the safety indices for the individual members and the joints which are assumed filet-welded. Consequently, for assumed loading options, the entire system safety indices are reported indicating a need for the re-appraisal of the adopted criteria
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
No full textThe present study provides with an overview of the concepts and principles of modern approaches to total quality management (TQM) and the relationship between cost and quality. TQM, which has been the key to success for world class manufacturing companies, can be successfully detailed for application to the service and construction process. The term TQM describes quality coined with top management commitment, input from customer, involvement of workers at every levels, emphasis on design quality and process improvement, decisions based on information instead of opinion, and continuous improvement through reducing variability. It is important to remember, and to constantly remind others, that in the long run quality improvement efforts will result in lower costs because the costs of poor quality will be reduced or eliminated. As organizations, including the construction companies, learn how to concentrate quality improvement efforts on construction project planning, design and execution procedures,inspection and testing are becoming a smaller part of much more comprehensive quality improvement efforts. To improve quality it is necessary to engage in activities directed toward diagnosing and correcting existing process problems and preventing future quality problems. The members of quality improvement teams (QIT) require membership of the people who have the organizational authority to bring about change. TQM in the construction projects is much more than merely QA/QC programs carried out by the project participants. Actually, it is a state of mind of all involved in the project that places quality foremost. TQM requires determination by all parties to resolvequality problems equitably as they occur. Continuous quality improvement can be achieved only if a strong commitment to quality exists at all levels of the organization
USE OF KARAK BENTONITE AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT
No full textKarak Bentonite, a pozzolanic material, is studied in " AS SUCH ” condition and after heat treatment, for its reactivity and then optimized substitution in cement concrete. It is concluded that up to 25% replacement of cement by bentonite, the compressive strength remains same, as of control mix in mortar, while decreases in concrete initially and increases remarkably after 28 days. Modulus of rupture of bentonite cement concrete is lower than cement concrete. Bond Strength in brick prism is almost same as that of control, at the said substitution level.The material is found very good sulfate resistant, that is, 31% more than the control, when cured in 5% Sodium sulfate solution because of its lower permeability
ANALYSIS OF LOAD-SETTLEMENT CURVES OF PILE LOAD TESTS CONDUCTED IN VARIOUS N.W.F.P. LOCALITIES
No full textPile load tests cost generally about Rs.200,000/- and are included in almost all major bridge Projects in NWFP. Since in Pakistan very little work is done to understand the pile soil behavior keeping in view the local data base available, the confidence level of the designers is very low and as a result a lot of money goes on over-designing of pile or unnecessarily providing pile foundation.This work is directed towards understanding the pile soil interaction keeping in view the load settlement data available from pile load tests of various NWFP localities and their corresponding soil profiles. A good understanding of this behavior means a rise in the confidence level of the designer and much economy and safety.In this paper a simple numerical technique based on load transfer approach presented in the sister Paper' is used to capture the response of the soil to movement of pile relative to surrounding soil (t-z curve), as experimental technique of instrumenting the pile along the length of pile for the same purpose would have been very costly. This technique uses the available load settlement data from pile load test not instrumented along pile length during load testing and establishes an average t-z curve. This technique is applied to load settlement data of four pile load tests conducted in various localities of NWFP.Once the t-z curve is established for a particular pile-soil system, ¡lie curve can be used for the same site to carry out the parametric study i.e. to predict the effect of different length and/or diameter for the pile on the load settlement curve of pile. In addition, the settlement curve for other sites can be generated if the soil profile does not vary remarkably from that soil profile from which the t-z curve is developed. This investigation reveals that due to little effort devoted to the understanding of the Pile-Soil interaction on indigenous pile load tests data and soil profiles in Pakistan in general and in NWFP in particular, a very over conservative approach is followed in Pile designing
SOLAR BASED RURAL ELECTRIFICATION IN BALOCHISTAN
No full textIn Balochistan province, most of the population is living in rural areas and devoid of life's basic facilities.In rural areas of Balochistan where most of the population upto 85% is located, more than four million people lack the essential energy services needed to satisfy the most basic needs and to improve living standards.In this paper, author has suggested some techniques which will reduce the load and make SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS quite viable for rural electrification in Balochistan
Preliminary Study of Flotation Behavior of Besham Lead-Zinc Ore
No full textThis preliminary study examines the flotation behaviour of the mineral galena from Besham Lead-Zinc ore samples with reference to the particle size, collector types such as Ethyl and Propyl xanthates and depressants. The communition of the as mined ore was carried out in the laboratory jaw crusher and disc mill as well as in a laboratory ball mill. The material having size range between-90 microns and +63 microns was selected for flotation studies
SYSTEM SIZING FOR SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC WATER PUMPING
No full textIt has been observed that most of the water pump suppliers will size the pump for given location and water demand, but it is advisable to carry out economic assessment of solar pumping viability and to estimate the required system size before inviting proposals from suppliers. This paper describes how to estimate approximate solar water pumping system sizing which includes sizing of PV array, motor, pump and sizing the pipe work
CONSOLIDATION OF COMMINGLED THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE
No full textPolymer composites are widely used in the automotive, aerospace and marine industries because of their high specific properties. As compared to metallic materials, polymer composites do not need very expensive mouldsand the fabrication processes, therefore their fabrication cost is very low. Various polymer matrices and high modulus reinforcements have been developed for different applications, together with a range of processing methods which are suitable for a wide range of manufacturing volumes. Thermoplastic matrix composites are particularly useful because of their toughness, clean processing and recyclability, which makes them attractive for automotive applications. However, one major drawback is their high melt viscosity, which makes impregnation difficult. Various methods have been developed to overcome this problem. One relatively inexpensive method is commingling, providing a new hybrid yarn that facilitates a range of fabrication options combined with tile potential for relatively low pressure processing. Commingled materials are widely available in a woven form or as a yarn for use in filament winding, pultrusion or braiding. The textile processing and the consolidation techniques or commingled material were studied to produce composite tubes and the results are described in this paper. A braiding machinewas used to make performs of tile thermoplastic commingled yarn followed by the consolidation. Tape compaction method is also described to obtain fibre reinforced thermoplastic composite tubes
ESTIMATION OF FLASHOVER VOLTAGE PROBABILITY OF OVERHEAD LINE INSULATORS UNDER INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION, BASED ON MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD METHOD
No full textThe performance of transmission line insulator is greatly affected by dust, fumes from industrial areas and saline deposit near the coast. Such pollutants in the presence of moisture form a coating on the surface of the insulator, which in turn allows the passage of leakage current. This leakage builds up to a point where flashover develops. The flashover is often followed by permanent failure of insulation resulting in prolong outages. With the increase in system voltage owing to the greater demand of electrical energy over the past few decades, the importance of flash over due to pollution has received special attention. The objective of the present work was to study the performance of overhead line insulators in the presence of contaminants such as industrial salts. A detailed review of the literature and the mechanism of insulator flashover due to pollution are presented. Experimental investigations on the behavior of overhead line insulators under industrial salt contamination are carried out. A special fog chamber was designed in which the contamination testing of insulators was carried out. Flashover behavior under various degrees of contamination of insulators with the most common industrial fume components such as Nitrate and Sulphate compounds was studied. Substituting the normal distribution parameter ¡n the probability distribution function based on maximum likelihood develops a statistical method. The method gives a high accuracy in the estimation of the 50% flashover voltage, which is then used to evaluate the critical flashover index at various contamination levels. The critical flashover index is a valuable parameter in insulation design for numerous applications