UET Peshawar Publications Site (University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar)
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MODELING THE FORMATION OF FREIGHT TRAINS A NEW FORMULATION
No full textIn this study, a mathematical programming model for the tactical planning of freight railways, which addresses the Train Formation Problem is proposed. The problem results in a multi-commodity network flow formulation which contains both integer and continuous variables. The modular structure of the statement allows considering the special conditions of the network under study and testing various operating policies.In this paper, the model developing process is described using a simple hypothetical network, the results are presented and interpreted. The economic train size, high priority demand pairs in the network, the structure of the operation costs and the formation plan for the freight trains are some of the model outputs
MAIZE AND WHEAT CROP PRODUCTION AS INFLUENCED BY BASIN AND FURROW-BED IRRIGATION METHODS
No full textWater plays an important role in the agricultural production system of Pakistan. Judicious use of water through proper irrigation method; can increase its productivity. Basin and furrow-bed irrigation methods were evaluated for two consecutive years (1999—2001) under a maize-wheat cropping system. The mean maize grain yield was 39% higher under furrow-bed than basin, whereas, wheat grain yield was 8% less. On average, applied irrigation depths were around 30% less under furrow-bed than under the basin irrigation method. The mean water use efficiency (WUE) for maize and wheat as 63% and 17% higher under furrow-bed than basin irrigation method, respectively. The higher WUE under furrow-bed may be attributed to applied water saving and improved soil environments
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF DESIGN EQUATION PROPOSED BY A.C.I-A.S.C.E COMMITTEE 426 FOR COMPUTING SHEAR CAPACITY OF NON-PRESTRESSED R.C. BEAMS WITHOUT WEB REINFORCEMENT
No full textA summary of a statistical study of shear capacity of non-prestressed R.C. beams without web reinforcement is presented. The study was aimed at assessing the feasibility study of equation for shear design of R. C. beams as proposed by ACI-ASCE committee 426. All beams used in the statistical analysis had a shear span/effective depth of at least 2.5 and contained no shear reinforcement. The database used in the statistical analysis comprised of 360 beams reported in literature. A design equation is proposed as a result of this study for shear design of non-prestressed reinforced concrete beams
DEVELOPMENT OF GENERALIZED CUTOFF GRADE OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM FOR OPEN PIT MINING OPERATIONS
No full textThe determination of optimum cutoff grade is influenced by the economic parameters (price of metal, mining and processing costs, etc.), the capacities of stages (mine, mill, and refinery) in the mining operation, and the grade distribution of the deposit. The cutoff grade changes with the influence of these parameters, sometimes widely, during the life of a mining operation. The theory of optimum cutoff grades is complex. However, this problem can be solved by the availability of algorithms, which could be implemented by the computer programs. This paper presents a cutoff grade optimization algorithm, which maximizes the Net Present Value (NPV) of the mining operation subject to mining, milling, and refining constraints. The benefits of the methodology developed are demonstrated in a case study
EVALUATION OF VARIOUS QUARRY SITE AGGREGATES FOR ALKALI AGGREGATE REACTIVITY (AAR) IN PESHAWAR NWFP PAKISTAN
No full textAggregates are the major constituents of concrete. In Peshawar there are three sources for aggregates i.e. Bessai crushed stone, Jamrud crushed gravel and Bara crushed gravel. The aggregates of these three sources were studied in details to find whether these aggregates are reactive or not. These sources were evaluated by their,
Physical properties
Petrographical examination
Geochemical characteristics
By the above tools, the Bessai crushed stone was considered to be innocuous (Non-Reactive). Jamrud crushed gravel and Bara crushed gravel shows some signs of reactivity if conditions are favorable for the reaction. Fortunately the cement we are using, have total alkali contents less than 1.0% Na:0 (One of the factors which contribute to AAR). Ordinary projects, which are not exposed to humid conditions, AAR may not be so critical with studied aggregates, but for project like earth and water retaining structures this should be taken into account
USE OF FLY ASH AS CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL IN CONC
No full textFly ash or pulverized fuel ash is one of the mineral admixtures in concrete, widely used throughout the world. However, very little attention has been paid to the material in Pakistan, though large quantities of it are being wasted in the thermal power stations. The aim of this research was to study the cementitious properties of fly ash sample collectedfrom coal fire station Lakhra District Hyderabad Sindh.The chemical analysis of fly ash revealed that various constituents are falling in the favourable limits recommended by the American Concrete Association. The effect of cement substitution by fly ash in concrete was studied both in compression and flexure. The level of substitution, a typical primary school with mass construction all over Pakistan was considered. The research has revealed that the compressive strength of concrete has been decreased by merely 15% with half of the cement replaced by fly ash whereas there is an overall saving of 12% in the cost of construction. The behavior of reinforced fly ash added concrete also reflected very slight reduction in the flexural strength of concrete. The results necessitate further research about the various aspects of fly ash available at different thermal Power Stations
SOFTWARE CAPABILITIES OF NUMMOL MODEL
No full textAn applied numerical model NUMMOL (NUMerical Modelling of Leachate) has been developed to simulate the water movement into, through and out of landfills. The model accepts precipitation, potentialevapotranspiration and landfill design site data, as inputs from the user. It uses solution techniques that account for the runoff infiltration, surface storage, percolation, lateral subsurface drainage, leachate recirculation, <unsaturated flow, saturated flow, flow to drainage systems and seepage losses through a clay liner. These processes in a landfill are linked together in a sequential order starting at the surface, proceeding downwards through the landfillprofile to the bottom. The solution procedure is applied repetitively for each day as it simulates the water routing throughout the simulation period. The primary purpose of the model is to estimate the leachate quantity and toassist in the comparison of landfill design alternatives as judged by their water balances.The NUMMOL model consists of simulation and interface modules. The simulation module includes four sub-modules: SURFACE, UNSATURATED, RESERVOIR and COLLECTOR. Each of these modules individuallysimulates the hydrologic response associated with it by using input data and/or using output data of other modules. The user friendly interface module controls all the different scenarios via pop-up windows. The program sourcecode is written in FORTRAN and is compiled using Salford Fortran Compiler (DBOS)1
INCREASED ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS CAUSED DUE TO ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE NUISANCE IN HYDERABAD CITY
No full textRoad Traffic Noise Pollution is a major cause of unrest and tension among the dwellers living along the road sides all over the world, specially in urban areas. In Hyderabad city due to dramatic increase in traffic density on the roads, traffic noise levels have gone much beyond the comfortable limits. Roadside dwellers and traders are constantly exposed to high level traffic noise for long period. In order to make a detailed assessment of the prevailing traffic noise in Hyderabad city, this survey was conducted and traffic noise data was collected at five differentsites. The collected data has been analyzed for average background (L*), average (LJ0) and average peak (LJ values and results are discussed with reference to recognised International criteria for community annoyance and existing legislation in Pakistan. The results of survey show that the traffic noise levels in Hyderabad city are alarmingly high. The noise level reaches 99 dB(A) peak and LAeq at 87.81 dB(A), which are much above the comfortable limits according to ISO, and other National Standards. Hence proper control measures are required
TO STUDY THE SUITABILITY OF GROUNDWATER FOR IRRIGATION IN DISTRICT KARAK
No full textThis study was undertaken to evaluate the quality of irrigation water. For this purpose groundwater sources were surveyed and thirty water samples were collected randomly. These samples were analyzed for pH, ECW , SAR and RSC. The data was compared with standards of WAPDA and USDA Handbook 60. Average pH of groundwater and ECW was 7.89 and 4.36 dS/m respectively. pH values showed, the water was slightly alkaline in nature and ECW values indicated that groundwater was saline. The average SAR was 19.18(meq/l )0 S, this value indicated that it induces sodicity problems. The average RSC of groundwater was 5.57 meq/1. This value indicated that the concentration of carbonate and bicarbonate was high which cause calcium and magnesium to precipitate in the soil. According to the classification of USDA Handbook 60, out of total water samples 6.66% were placed as C2S1, 16.66% as C3S1 and 6.66% in the category of C4S1. 23.34% were grouped as C4S2, 3.34% in category of C3S2 and 13.34% came in C4S3 while 30% fell in group of C4S4