UET Peshawar Publications Site (University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar)
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EVOLUTION OF ECONOMIC CISTERN DESIGN KOTRI BARRAGE
No full textCistern design criteria and practice generally adopted in Pakistan has been reviewed and compared with ones Used in developing countries like USA. In this regard Kotri Barrage cistern has been taken as an exercise. Hydraulic conditions of Kotri-Barrage-cistern almost conform with those of Saint Anthony Falls (SAF) cistern. Cursory quantitative analysis indicates that existing cistern length of Kotri-Barrage/other hydraulic structures could have been economized/ could be economized. Scope of this study is still wide open for design/practicing engineers of Pakistan
WATER TABLE DEPTH AND ITS EFFECT ON SOIL OXYGEN CONCENTRATION AND SOYBEAN YIELD: LYSIMETER STUDY
No full textExperiments were conducted in two-controlled environment growth chambers to evaluate the effects of shallow water table depths on soil aeration and growth of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Water tables (WT) were maintained at 0.15-, 0.30-, 0.45-, and 0.60-m below the soil surface. Soil aeration status was determined by measuring oxygen concentrations periodically at 0.15-, 0.30-, and 0.60-m depths. Effect of WT on crop growth was determined in terms of plant height, seed yield, and shoot dry weight of soybean. Results of this study showed that soil oxygen concentration was significantly reduced by raising the WT depth. Average oxygen concentrations at 0.15-m soil depth was 27% higher compared with 0.30-m soil depth. Effect of water table on plant height was not noticed until the later part of the vegetative stage (72 DA P). Shallow water table depths significantly reduced plant height and grain yield compared with deeper WT depths. Highest soybean yield was obtained under 0.60-m WT depth and the lowest was for 0.15-m WT depth. Average yield obtained al 0.15-m WT was 48% lower than 0.60-m WT treatment. No significant differences were observed between 0.30 - and 0.45 WT treatments, although the yield values for the 0.45-m were greater than for the 0.30-m treatment. Dry weight results of soybean showed the trends similar lo plant height and grain yield. Soil-air-water conditions imposed by 0.60-m WT treatment of this study seems to provide the most favorable balance between aeration and water supply for soy bean growth
THE STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF FRACTURED ZONES OF MALAKAND AND HAZARA GRANITES IN RESPONSE TO NORMAL AND SHEAR LOAD
No full textShear strength is an important parameter, which can be held responsible for the stability of structures. The determination of this parameter is a potential research problem. This issue has been addressed in the following research though an organized and systematic procedure. The response of Granite, from two localities of North-West Frontier Province (N-WFP) i.e. Malakand and Hazara, to applied load was studied. Joint Roughness Co-efficient(JRC), Joint wall Compressive Strength (JCS), Schmidt Hammer Rebound Number (R), Normal Load. Shear Deformation and Shear Stress were used to calculate the Shear Strength using Barton Model. It was observed thatboth types of Granite behave identically and its response to shear stress is consistent in nature. However, there is a clear difference in the magnitude of shear strength parameter. Shear displacement and shear stress of both the rocktypes were observed under a constant normal load. Tests were conducted for a range of normal loads and the results obtained are presented in the form of graphs constituting major part of the paper. The results were analyzedand the shortcomings and difficulties encountered during the research are highlighted. The conclusions drawn from the research are presented at the end of the paper and recommendations for the future work are suggested
USE OF RUBBER WASTE IN CONCRETE TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION- AN OVERVIEW
No full textWith on growing industrial development, tonnes of solid waste are generated every year. Managing, disposing and recycling of these waste has turned out to be a great challenge in recent times. Typically, waste generated fromindustrial and domestic activities is dumped in open spaces. However dumping of solid waste in open spaces is hazardous to environment; therefore researchers have explored new means to effectively manage such waste. Tyre wastes have no exception; it cannot be readily recycled or reused. They are dumped in open grounds around the world. InPakistan they pose a bigger threat as they are burnt, which results in emission of harmful gases in the atmosphere. Therefore, it is necessary to reuse these rubber wastes to reduce environmental pollution. Rubber wastes can be used in concrete as a partial replacement of aggregates resulting in lightweight concrete. Using rubber wastes in concrete enhances the impact resistance, thermal insulation and sound insulation at affordable strength. This paper reviews the viable use of rubber wastes in concrete industry to address the problem of disposal of such wastes
TIME HISTORY ANALYSIS OF SEISMICALLY ISOLATED FIXED BASE OFFSHORE PLATFORM
No full textThis paper presents an overview of the application of seismic isolation to a fxed-base offshore platform. A series of nonlinear time history analyses has been undertaken for the Platform A to assess structural integrity under Ductility Level Earthquake (DLE) design events. A full nonlinear time history analysis (including soil and foundation modelling) has been undertaken using fnite element software SAFJAC for an extreme earthquake records scaled for the DLE event
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS PARAMETERS ON EFFICIENCY OF PHYSICAL LAYER DEPLOYED FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
No full textThere is a growing need for research initiatives for Wireless sensor networks with special emphasis on performance and efficiency of physical layer. The role of physical layer is clearly evident from the fact that it plays an important role in determining the overall quality of data communication. The issue of quality is also important in the context of saving energy of nodes involved in wireless sensor network communication.Poor quality of communication puts constraint on the already existing energy sensitive nature of wireless sensor networks. This research work is focused on investigation of critical parameters and their effects on overall communication quality in reference to Physical Layer. One of the key factors is antenna design and other factors include physical layer parameters including delay that can contribute critically in defining the quality. Various antenna designs are incorporated in ns-2 simulation environment along with different physical layer parameters and their impact is assessed and evaluated. This work also demonstrates the compatibility between ns-2, network simulation environment and CST, antenna design simulation environment
RESILIENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBGRADE SOILS IN SAUDI ARABIA
No full textSubgrade soil samples were collected along major highways of Saudi Arabia. The properties of AASHOTO class A-2-4 soil samples, including resilient modulus, were determined and analyzed. The main purpose was to correlate resilient behaviour with other soil properties. First, resilient modulus was modeled in terms of stress state (deviator and confining stresses). Then, model constants were related by regression equations to soil properties. The developed models can be used to predict resilient modulus values based on soil properties and expected stress state under the pavement
ERROR COMPUTATIONS FOR ADAPTIVE FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
No full textThe paper gives a simple numerical procedure for computations of errors generated by the discretisation process of finite element method. The procedure given is based on the ZZ error estimator which is believed to be reasonably accurate and thus can be readily implemented in any existing finite element codes. The devised procedure nor only estimates the global energy norm error but also evaluates the local errors in individual elements. In the example, the given procedure is combined with an adaptive refinement procedure, which provides guidance for optimal mesh designing and allows the user to obtain a desired accuracy with a limited number of iterations
AN EVALUATION OF CURRENT EIA SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN
No full textThe challenge of reducing poverty and increasing economic growth has often led Pakistan to overlook environmental sustainability. Consequently, Pakistan, is suffering from severe environmental problems. This has spurred an increasing demand for and effective Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) System with environmental management tools and techniques that can help the country to adequately diagnose their risks and suggest mitigation options. In the past few years Pakistan has begun implementing EIA‘s as a preventive tool. However, given the judiciary, institutional and structural predicament, the outcome of the EIA process has resulted in great disparities. Given the growing regional environmental problems it is now a priority to seek an effective EIA systems, principles, and procedures in the country.This paper seeks to distinguish the Pakistan EIA strengths and weaknesses; it also focuses on identifying common positive and negative characteristics of the Pakistan EIA system. Furthermore, differences between the interested parties of the EIA system in the country were evaluated via a survey to ensure a good understanding of the factors of a comprehensive and effective EIA system.Analytical comparisons were made among the different interested parties of the EIA system in Pakistan. Statistical methods were used to analyze the data received and recommendations were made based on the outcome of the data results. These results will assist. (i) Pakistan to improve its EIA system (ii) other South Asian countries which may have a similar EIA systems in developing policy, planning and reforms and (iii) International organizations that work or invest in the region to enhance the attainment of environ mental protection objectives on a broader, more cost effective, and realistic scale than current practices
EXTRACTION STUDIES ON MALONIC ACID
No full textExtraction studies on malonic acid from its aqueous solutions have been made by various solvents at 25 ±1°C. Both aromatic and aliphatic solvents have been investigated. A comparison with reference to the extraction efficiency has been made in terms of the dipole moments of the solvents. In general aliphatic solvents have been found more suitable than the aromatic solvents