UET Peshawar Publications Site (University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar)
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MICROBENDING LOSSES IN MULTIMODE OPTICAL FIBERS
No full textMicrobending losses of optical fiber have been studied for different amplitude and shape of the deformer.Experimental results show that grooves of angle 60 Degree cause more losses as compared to the grooves 90 degree. Intensity modulation induced by microbends is considered as transudation mechanism for detecting environmental changes such as pressure, temperature, acceleration and magnetic & electric fields. An accelerometer has been designed On this principle and tested up to the acceleration of 65g
GENERALIZED CUTOFF GRADES OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM IN TWO MINERALS CASE
No full textThe determination of cutoff grade is influenced by the economic parameters (price of metal, mining, milling, and refining costs) and capacities of various stages (mine, mill, refinery) of a mining venture. The utilization of full capacity of these stages requires interaction among them through optimum production scheduling, However, optimum production scheduling is dependent upon the determination of cutoff grade policy, The algorithms have been developed for the determination of optimum cutoff grade policy that maximizes the Net Present Value (NPV) of cash flows for the deposits of one economic mineral. However, the problem becomes complex for determining the optimum cutoff grade policy for the deposits of two economic minerals, The purpose of this paper is to present an algorithm that will maximize NPV of a project subject to mining, milling, and refining constraints in two minerals case. The implementation of the algorithm through a computer program is discussed in a case stud
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF MICRO-CONCRETE WITH PIT SAND
No full textIn order to check the suitability of the local materials of construction and to study quantitatively the strength and other relevant properties so that proposals could be put-forward regarding the permissible/characteristic values of stresses etc, that could be entered into calculations while designing a particular structurewith these materials as basic constituents, the authors tested a few hundred specimens of micro-concrete containing both; hill sand, and the pit-sand in its purest form as fine aggregate and the Portland cement as binding material.The micro-concrete with pit-sand as fine aggregate has been in use for less important works in plain areas of our country where the hill sand is not readily available; although its standard technical data is not available so far. Thefull details of the experimental study is presented in the following sections
STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SAFETY IN STEEL RE-ROLLING MILL WITH REFERENCE TO HIGH NOISE LEVEL AND TEMPERATURE
No full textThis study was conducted to assess the exposure to noise and temperature in a steel re- rolling mill. The measured noise and temperature values were then compared with international standards set by Occupational Safety andHealth Administration (OSHA). Our results indicate that temperature level was high at two places of the mill i.e. furnace and re-rolling mill sections with the average value of 67 °C and 39°C respectively, which exceeds OSHAlimit of 25-30 °C for comfortable working temperature. The average noise level at furnace section was satisfactory but that at the re-rolling mill was found to be 102 dB, whereas OSHA has set the limit to be 92 dB for 6 hourswork shift. A pair-wise t-test indicated that the noise level at all factory zones was signifcantly different than that of administration section with a p-value < 0.0001. The re-rolling noise level was found to be extremely signifcant,followed by furnace and unloading section. Likewise the indoor factory heat level is also signifcant from outside air temperature. The interview survey revealed that the workers exposed to these chronic conditions in the factoryare suffering from post work irritability, headache, fatigue, eye infection and heat exhaustion. It was therefore, recommended that the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PEPA) should strictly implement and follow-up on the occupational safety laws, adopt shift rotation and ensure reduction in the length of exposure of each worker i.e. 1.5 to 2 hours instead of 6 hours work in these working conditions
MANAGEMENT OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN PAKISTAN
No full textDrinking water quality in both urban and rural areas of Pakistan is not being managed properly. Results of various investigations provide evidence that most of the drinking water supplies are faecally contaminated. At places groundwater quality is deteriorating due to the naturally occurring subsoil contaminants or byanthropogenic activities. The poor bacteriological quality of drinking water has frequently resulted in high incidence of water borne diseases while subsoil contaminants have caused other ailments to consumers. This paper presents a detailed review of drinking water quality in the country and the consequent health impacts. It identifies various factors contributing to poor water quality and proposes key actions required to ensure safe drinking water supplies to consumers
FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF WHITE CEMENT MARBLE-DUST MICROCONCRETE
No full textTwenty four beams have been cast and tested to determine the flexural behaviour of marble-dust micro-concrete with white cement as bonding material. The study was aimed at finding the strain distribution and redistribution within the cross-section of rectangular beams at different stages of loading up to failure. The final shape of strain diagram was also included in the domain of investigations. The crack pattern and mode of failure for two different sizes of beams were observed. With each beam cubes were cast to find the compressive strength on the day the beams were tested. The compressive strength thus obtained was compared with previous studies. Cubes of pure white cement were also cast and tested to determine the maximum strength that could be achieved and coefficient of shrinkage of pure white cement was also area of interest.
 
PARAMETER SELECTION FOR SAFE DESIGN UNDER UNCERTAIN CONDITIONS: A TRUSS EXAMPLE
No full textThis paper focuses on the derivation of safe parameters for the design of the bars and joints of a roof truss system. The loading, material and geometrical properties are treated as random quantities with assumed practical probability distributions. The numerical values of the design variables are derived in a manner, which leads to a constant overall safety level of the system under varying inputs. The concept of the most likely failure point of the reliability analysis is employed utilizing the BS 5950’ design requirements for members and joints which are assumed filet-welded. The intent of the work is realized through user friendly computer modules developed in FORTRAN programming language
DATA TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OVERHEAD 330KV SINGLE CIRCUIT TRANSMISSION LINES
No full textThe paper analyses the signal propagation behaviour and hence assesses the data transmission potentials of the 330kV single circuit overhead transmission lines. From the data collected from the NEPA Headquarters, the basic characteristic admittance matrix and impedance matrix were derived and used to obtain the high frequency parameters. These parameters reveal the propagation characteristics/behaviour of the lines. For the study of the load cycle effects, the peculiarities of the meteorological conditions of the regions these lines are run need to be considered. NEPA classifies the Nation (Nigeria) into two zones: Zone A (South) and Zone B (North). The various effects on the lines due to loading given the peculiar atmospheric conditions in these zones were studied. All results obtained were exhaustively discussed; conclusions were drawn and specific recommendation was made on the suitability of the 330kV lines for signal (data) transmission
WATER MOVEMENT THROUGH SOIL IN RESPONSE TO MATRIC-POTENTIAL AND TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS: II. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
No full textAshraf(1) extended the theory of Philip and de Vries(2) in terms of matric-potential and temperature gradients. To test the extended theory, a series of experiments was performed in an insulated chamber. The extended theory predicted close to measurements at very low matric potentials. However, it under-predicted the measured fluxes by a factor of up to 20 at intermediate and high matric potentials. This discrepancy may be due to the difficulty of calculating fluxes near the surface where the matric-potential are large and consequently transport coefficients varyrapidly
OCCUPATIONAL NOISE AND ITS ANALYSIS AT THERMAL POWER STATION (TPS) JAMSHORO SINDH (PAKISTAN)
No full textOccupational Noise is one of the major Environmental problems in Industrial Plants. The Noise study has been under taken in Chinese Unit no. 2 of Thermal Power Station (TPS) Jamshoro. The level and Frequency characteristics of the prevailing Noise has been recorded in detail, at Basement area Feed pumps, Turbines, Boilers,F.D.F, l.D.F & Compressors. For the assessment of communication ability, Speech Interference Levels are evaluated in terms of Preferred Speech Interference Level (PSIL), and analyzed by taking mean of average values of octave band centerfrequency at 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz. The results are discussed with reference to the maximum permissible Occupational Noise exposure limits as allowed by the ISO and other National Standards, and found Health Hazards like head ache, hearing problem, irritation and disturbance to the workers, for which some recommendations have also been made to provide safety measures to workers against high level Noise in this unit