UET Peshawar Publications Site (University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar)
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PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR FRUIT DRYING SYSTEM
No full textA considerable amount of fresh fruits produced in Pakistan are wasted every year due to non-availability of basic postharvest technologies. To overcome this problem a solar fruit drying system was designed and developed at Farm Machinery Institute (FMI), Islamabad. The system consists of six flat plate solar collectors, an axial flow fan, and a drying chamber. The performance of the system was evaluated at Nalkot, Swat, where the persimmon was available in enough quantity for drying.It was observed that the solar collectors were capable to raise the average daily temperature of the ambient air from 26°C to 44°C, however, the hot air within the drying chamber was not distributed uniformly. The average daily efficiency of the solar collectors was 44%. The solar dryer was capable to process about 1 to 1.5 tonnes of fresh persimmon in one month, whereas farmers wanted to increase its drying capacity up to 4 to 5 tonnes / month. It was concluded to redesign the drying chamber, and to provide a supplement source of heat (gas or oil fired) to solar dryer in order to increase its drying capacity
USE OF BENTONITE AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT
No full textIn view of increasing use of pozzolanic materials with cement, bentonite after giving heat treatment is evaluated for its reactivity, durability and optimal substitution in concrete. It is concluded on the basis of compressive strength results and X-ray diffraction analysis that bentonite are reactive when used as such (i,e without heat treatment). Sulfate attack and water absorption decreases as the percentage substitution in creases. Up to 20% substitution bentonite concrete gives satisfactory compressive strength result. Modulus of rupture of pozzolanic cement concrete is lower than cement concrete. A more detailed study is recommended to evaluate the effect of ternary blend and a comprehensive durability study
MAJOR ELEMENTS CONCENTRATIONS IN CALCAREOUS SOILS
No full textMajor elements status in soils derived from alluvium, piedmont and loess parent materials remained in scarcity. This study was conducted to evaluate the major elements concentrations in soils derived from various parent materials and then to classify such soils in calcareous, moderate and non-calcareous soils. Soils were analyzed for total content of Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si and Ti with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery and UV-VIS Spectormetry. Total Ca content in loess soils is 12% thus categorized in calcareous soils whereas alluvium and piedmont alluvium soils with Ca content ranged from 0.9 to 5.2% hence are classified into moderate and non-calcareous. There was an inverse relationship between Ca and P concentrations in calcareous soils. Calcium content is around 12% whereas P content is 0.000012% in calcareous soils of this study. The low content of P than Ca in calcareous soils of this study revealed the contention that P is bound with Ca hence is unavailable to plants. Calcareous soil has more than 15% of CaCO3 at pH ranged from 7.5 to 8.4. Iron was also found to be low in calcareous soils. Such soils are required an improved nutrient management in such a manner that soil contact of P, K and Fe can be minimized
A STUDY OF PLAIN AND COMPOSITE BRICK MASONARY COLUMNS
No full textBrick is one of the oldest and most widely used building materials and therefore its characteristics and capacities are well appreciated, even by bricklayers, who may lack any formal engineering training. However, when used in combination with reinforced concrete in modern building types, while it is often used for giving a ‘traditional construction style’ to a building, in reality the ‘composite’ structural design that results is far from that achieved in traditional building designs and building practice.The revised design for primary schools utilized by some recent projects in NWFP has given a very graphic example of this, where a veranda column collapsed. Investigations of the design of the column used has shown that a design intended to give a traditional appearance to the buildings by varied use of brickwork in combination with concrete has created potential problems for bricklayers and supervisory staff that were never fully appreciated and while the design was structurally adequate and collapse due to workmanship, all such potential risks must be avoided.This paper is extracted from M.Sc. thesis report available at Civil Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar. In this paper some empirical equations are derived for allowable stresses on plain brick masonry columns and capacity of composite columns, based on test results along with detailed investigations of the collapse of veranda column al primary school.In case of plain brick masonry columns, it is observed that the strength of masonry depends not only on the strength of individual elements used in the construction but the number and pattern of joints and the interlocking action of bricks also have a strong effect. The response of somewhat accidentally formed composite columns is far better in the sense that the so slender RCC core, having very small clear cover performed very well when enclosed in the brick shell
RECLAMATION OF SALINE CLAY SOIL WITH DIFFERENT LEACHING METHOD
No full textThe availability of water for land reclamation is limited due to water shortage crises in the world. An experiment of leaching of saline soil in micro-plots of size 3m x 4 m was carried out with different leaching methods in order to assess their leaching efficiency. Three leaching methods viz. continuous ponding, continuous ponding With 5 cm salt crust removal (scrapping) and continuous ponding with tillage were used. Equal depth of water (70cm) was applied to all the plots replicated three times for 30 days. Soil samples were taken regularly from all plots at soil depths of 0, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 80 cm for determining the change in EC of the soil. The experimental results revealed that continuous ponding with tillage was efficient method of leaching than other leaching methods used in this experiment. The continuous ponding with tillage method of leaching was efficient because small aggregates were formed and the salts held in small aggregates diffused faster due to shorter diffusion pathways
FIELD EVALUATION OF BILLETS METERING MECHANISMS FOR THE TRACTOR DRAWN SUGARCANE PLANTER
No full textThe use of innovative farm technologies is imperative to increase the per hectare production of cultureable land. Sugar cane is one of the major cash crop grown in Pakistan, particularly in N. W.F.P. To increase crop yield, reduce planting cost and to do timely operation of sugarcane planting a planter was developed in agricultural engineering department of N. W.F. P. University of Engineering and Technologv (UET), Peshawar. Successive studies and field evaluation of machine showed that the designed planter can plant about 75000 billets per hectare with a 16 percent missing and 12.5 percent heap with eye damage of 18 percent while operating in high first gear
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOIL SLOPE IN SWABI, PAKISTAN
No full textIn this study, slope stability analysis for a particular type of soil in Swabi area was carried out using the method of slices. Gravity load and seismic load were considered in the stability analysis. SLOPE/W and SIGMA/W software of Geo studio package were used for analysis under both dry and completely saturated conditions. Pseudo-static approach was used for the seismic stability analysis. The peak ground acceleration value for stability analysis was obtained from the seismic hazard analysis. Two soil slope conditions wereconsidered, and one was found in critical condition. Retaining wall, Soil nails and ground anchors were assumed in the analysis for stability of slope with critical condition. Peak ground acceleration value of 0.235g is determined with site specific deterministic seismic hazard assessment approach. The maximum displacement in the soil slopes with retaining wall, soil nails, and ground anchors are 0.0220, 0.01665 and 0.01529 feet respectively. Results showed that using ground anchors have a factor of safety 1.165 and both the horizontal and vertical deformation values are within the limit. Based on results, ground anchors technique was found to be a suitable method for slope stability in Swabi
DELUMPING PROCEDURE FOR PREDICTION OF DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTS IN DISTILLATION USING A SHORT-CUT MODEL
No full textShort-cut models of distillation are useful in screening design options for separation of petroleum fractions at conceptual design stage. A methodology for prediction of detailed product distribution for distillation processes using short-cut calculations of distillation is developed in this work. The proposed delumping procedure is explained in this paper, and an illustrative example is presented to elucidate the application in modeling of distillation using short-cut calculation methods. The proposed methodology helps retain molecular information of composition of petroleum fractions and may help extend the premise of molecular components-based modeling to separation processes such as distillation
CORRELATION MATRIX METHOD FOR SOLVING BUCKLING AND FREE-VIBRATION PROBLEMS OF NONPRISMATIC CIRCULAR ARCHES
No full textThis paper proposes a new matrix method for calculation of critical loads and natural frequencies of circular arches with variable cross-section and arbitrary forms of applied load distribution. A difference from other matrix methods is that the coefficient determination of the corresponding characteristics can be reduced to one of third order, no matter how many elements are discretized in calculation. The essential reason for the important advantage is introduction of correlation matrices associated with discrete nodes into the analysis. The method is applicable to elastic arches of arbitrary geometry
APPLICATION OF QUALITY IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES AT AL-ESSA NATIONAL FACTORY FOR AIR CONDITIONERS
No full textQuality problems appear in the form of loss. In today’s highly competitive market place the ability to produce a quality product is a foremost objective. The implementation of good manufacturing philosophies, design and reduction of quality problems can achieve the objective. This paper presents a case study of Al-Essa National Factory for Air Conditioners, Riyadh where the quality problems appeared and contributed to a high percentage of loss. A four-week study is conducted. During this period data about the non-conformity of products is collected, analysed and the main contributors to the non-conformity identified. Simple quality improvement techniques, i.e. Pareto Analysis and Cause and Effect Diagrams are used in analysing and identifying the main non-conforming factors. A scoring model is used to identify the major contributors to non-conforming products