UET Peshawar Publications Site (University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar)
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KNOWLEDGE BASED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM SELECTION IN FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING
No full textThe increasing global competition has convinced the manufacturing enterprises to adopt intelligent manufacturing systems such as Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMSs) to respond to producing a variety of products in low quantities, low costs, high quality and at shorter lead times. Despite these benefits the potentials of Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) have not been fully realised due to their incorrect design, selection and subsequent use for particular situation. This paper presents a Knowledge based methodology for the design of a material handling system (MHS) for transporting parts between machines within an FMS and loading /unloading stations. The Knowledge Based Material Handling System Design (KBMHSD) is one of the modules of Knowledge Based Flexible Manufacturing System Design (KBFMSD) which is able to design a complete FMS. The KBMHSD makes use of a hybrid technique combining Knowledge Base (KB) and analytical approaches. The KB assists in the ‘decision making to select a suitable MHS while the analytical approach helps in calculating the design factors for the selected MHS. The KBMHSD is developed in AM: an expert system shell. An illustrated example is given to demonstrate the application of the system
SEEPAGE LOSSES IN WARSAK GRAVITY CANAL PESHAWAR
No full textAfield study was undertaken between RD.11890and RD.17256 of Warsak Gravity Canal near Peshawar during 1995-96. The objective of the study was to determine canal seepage losses from the bed and sides of the canal and how well the system is performing and to pinpoint the sections where improvement could be made by reducing the losses of water by seepage through the canal. For this purpose the distance between RD.11890 and RD.17256 was divided into four sub-sections. Discharge at the head and tail of each sub-section was measured and by comparing the inflows and outflows from a sub-section, seepage losses were determined. Discharges in themain Canaland outletswere measured by current meter and cut-throat flume respectively, (Table-1 & 2). A total of 16 % seepage losses were observed between RD.11890 and RD.17256. This includes 11.24% losses in the unlined portion, 0.447 c losses in the concrete-lined section and 3.18% in the damaged concrete-lined section. The field study indicates that Concrete lining is more useful, economical and less liable to cracks rather than other lining. Improvements can easily be made by regular maintenance and proper operation of the canal irrigation system. Thus the loss of water due to seepage from the bed and sides of the canal as well as poor management can either be controlled or minimized to greater extent
THE ROLE OF PATENT SYSTEM IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND TERMS OF TRADE
No full textThe paper attempts to describe the rationale behind the role of patents within the framework of a nationalindustrial strategy. The Republic of Korea's ( ROK ) experience in implementing its patent system which has been instrumental in Korea's rapid economic growth is discussed. The discussion is extended to the significance of patents on transfer of technology, foreign investment and terms of trade
MODELLING OF SHEAR SOCKETED PIERS IN ROCKS PART-1: EXPERIMENTAL LOAD TESTS
No full textThe behaviour of shear socketed piers is controlled by several factors such as the rock mass modulus, the stiffness of the piers, the roughness of the pier-rock interface, the geometry of the rock socket and the quality of the socket walls. There is no single design method available, to date, that incorporates all these basic factors. A combined laboratory and analytical study was initiated to address key issues of socketed piers. This paper, which is the first of a three part series, examines some of the fundamental factors that affect the side resistance of shear socketed piers under static axial loading. Laboratory load tests were carried out on model piers socketed into hydrostone. The main purpose of these tests was to investigate the effect of the relative stiffness of the piers and surrounding rock material and the roughness of the pier-rock interface on the shaft resistance of piers socketed in soft rocks. The piers were 254 mm (10 in.) in length and 70 mm ( 2.75 in.) in diameter. Hydrostone was used to simulate rocks of very low to medium strength and plane concrete was used to construct the piers. Comparison between the results of the laboratory push tests and existing empirical predictions of shaft resistance of socketed piers is presented
USE OF CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF GROWTH RATE OF SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L. CELL CULTURES
No full textThe suitability of medium conductivity measurements for determining growth in plant cell culture was tested using the suspension cultures of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cvs. Desiree and Maris Piper. A perfect positive relationship between packed cell volume and cell number was found during the growth of cells in suspension culture. A perfect negative correlation between increase in packed cell volume and decrease in medium conductivity was observed from the experiment. The measurement of cell concentration by cell counting also showed a negative correlation with the conductivity of culture medium in both cultivars tested. Regression analysis was used to know the rate change in the dependent variable subject to a unit change in explanatory variabl
THE EFFECTS OF ROTOR GEOMETRY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MIXED-FLOW TURBOCHARGER TURBINES
No full textThe reduced exhaust emission requirements and engine installation constraints suggest that the turbine for the next generation of turbocharged automotive diesel engines must be highly loaded , i.e., with high expansion ratio without an increase in the rotational speed . This approach means that the peak efficiency must be obtained at lower velocity ratio, U/Cis, than are common with customary radial-inflow turbines. This can be achieved with a mixedflow rotor with positive blade angle. Two mixed-flow rotors, which have identical dimensions but differ only in their blade leading edge, camber line and rotor length, were tested under steady state conditions with same housing . This paper compares the performance results of these two turbines and demonstrates the importance of the blade geometry. In practice, both attained peak efficiencies at lower U/Cis, with 'constant blade angle' design more efficient than the notionally ‘constant incidence angle 9 design rotor. In addition, measurements of wall static pressures upstream of the rotors and along the blade shroud provide some important information regarding the qualitative assessment of rotor losses, and upstream and downstream conditions of the rotors
OPTIMUM STRUCTURAL DIMENSIONS FOR FIRE RESISTANCE IN REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
No full textCommon approach to ensure fire resistance has been limited to the provision of cross-sections of minimum thickness and that reinforcement cover is sufficient. Since engineering design is an iterative decision-making process involving human intervention, a logical and quantitative method suitable for assisting this process becomes a fundamental requirement. This study investigates the optimum dimensions for beam elements suitable for adequate fire resistance using the CP 1101 as a reference code. The procedure followed takes into consideration the interrelationship between engineering and management decisions when randomness in the relevant parameters arequantified
EVALUATION OF CURVE COMPARISON METHODS FOR COUPLER CURVES OF PLANAR MECHANISMS
No full textAutomatic comparison of two shapes to determine their degree of similarity is an important and challenging task. Its most common application is in the field of pattern recognition, where computers are used to recognize various patterns such as shapes of letters, silhouettes of aircrafts etc. This paper reports the result of an effort to determine the suitability of these methods in the field of kinematic synthesis of mechanisms. Three methods for automatic comparison of shapes are identified from the literature and an effort is made to determine the most suitable method for mechanism coupler curve synthesis. Several example problems are considered and the performance of each method is evaluated. Recommendations are presented for the selection of the appropriate method
AZIMUTH TO A CITY — ON SPHERE
No full textThis topic belongs to the interest of surveying engineer. The curvature of earth is to be taken into account, which is one of the main causes for the complexity of the problem. There are other methods existing for the same purpose, like trigonometric equations, charts, etc. But the approach of this method is unique. In this paper, earth is assumed as a sphere. The origin of Cartesian co-ordinate system is placed at the centre of the earth. A plane passing through north pole, centre of the earth, and a station ( position of observer) is oriented. This plane will tracea great circle. A unit tangential vector pointing towards north is placed at the station. Similarly, another plane is passed through the station, centre of the earth and the desired city, resulting another great circle. Another unit tangential vector is placed along second great circle at the same point. Vector approach is used to determine the angle between two unit vectors, and that is the required azimuth. The distance between two points i.e. station and city is also evaluate
PEAK FLOW ESTIMATION IN NORTHERN HIMALAYA ZONE OF PAKISTAN
No full textThis study presents an appropriate and fairly authentic method of estimating peak flow of any frequency at the ungauged streams in Northern Himalaya Zone of Pakistan. The research study was conducted during the year 1995. The method recommended by United States Geological Survey was used to achieve the objectives because of the provision of confidence limits for frequency distribution curve of floods at each discharge gauging station and Homogeneity test in the procedure adopted. The statistical homogeneous zone is defined by carrying out homogeneity test involving 18 catchments in the Northern Himalaya Zone of Pakistan, with in such a zone, the results of 11 gauging stations are averaged to represent the frequency characteristics of the whole zone. The relationships derived for magnitude and frequency of floods helps in determining peak flow in the catchment of Gilgit, Indus, Gorband, Kunhar, Brandu, Haro and Swat Rivers. These information will be useful in the design of Irrigation, Hydropower, and flood control projects