UET Peshawar Publications Site (University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar)
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A LABORATORY STUDY TO FIND RELATION OF SOIL TEXTURE, TILTH, AND WATER POTENTIAL TO SOIL LOSS UNDER FLOODING CONDITION
No full textA laboratory apparatus capable of simulating field conditions such as soil water potential, field flooding, and slope was used to study the complex process of soil erosion under controlled laboratory conditions.
Three textural classes (clay, silt, and sand ), three tilth, or historical conditions (grasses, corn-soybean rotations, and corn rotations), and three water potentials (0, -5 and -15cm) were used in this study. Soil in bins was exposed to the erosive power of running water.
It was observed that Webster (clay soil ) from a grass land area yielded the lowest sediment concentration. On the average, sediment concentrations from clay soils were less then those from either silty or sandy soil. Similarly,-15cm of water, potential yielded less sediment than did Ocm of water potential. Relatively large sediment concentrations were observed for corn-soybean rotations. On the whole, soils under grasses yielded lower sediment concentrations than did soils under other crop rotations
DISTRIBUTION FEEDER RECONFIGURATION AND CONTROL UNDER FAULTS AND NORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS
No full textThis paper proposes a new methodology applied to distribution systems, in Pakistan Specific conditions, to achieve the objective functions through real time control of the available sectionalizing switches. Since optimization is involved, the computational efficiency may be low which needs to be checked. This is achieved by dividing the large scale distribution system into manageable “ pockets” . For the first time system-vide analysis is performed to evaluate the deciding parameters in light of the changing load conditions
EFFICIENCY OF RATING CURVE EXTENDED BY LOGARITHMIC METHOD
No full textThe stage-discharge data for the river Indus at Attock upstream Khairabad is compiled for the year 1996. The regional hydrological study of the Indus basin shows that the flood period is well defined during the monsoon months of June to August.
The logarithmic method is used for extension of rating curve. The efficiency of the derived rating curve was found to be 98.73% by statistical analysis.
The rating curve (stage-discharge relationship) derived by the logarithmic method is authentic and convenient way to estimate discharge with fair degree of accuracy
CASTING ANALYSIS AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF STEEL GRADES WR-67 AND WR-62
No full textTwo steel grades WR-67 and WR-62 cast at Pakistan Steel were analysed for variation in properties of the same grade and heat.
Homogenization status of liquid steel and macro segregation aspect during solidification with different continuous casting parameters were focused and it was found that non-homogenization of liquid steel in ladle leads the steel grades to exhibit non-uniform properties of the same grade and was no axial ( centreline ) segregation bot in billet and bloom. Increasing trend of porosity from surface to centre was observed.
Increased purging time and installation of electromagnetic stirrer at mould were recommended for elimination of segregation, achieving good cast structure of bloom and billet and having uniform properties
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF WHEAT HARVESTING IN N-W.F.P.
No full textPakistan is predominantly an agricultural country. Wheat is a stable crop of this country. Total wheat production of N.W.F.P. is only 180 tons. Many research have shown that 3.4. to 50% of the total harvest is lost during harvesting. Farmers in N.W.F.P. are using four harvesting systems for wheat. Manual reaping and manual threshing, manual reaping and mechanical threshing, mechanical reaping and mechanical threshing, and combine harvesting.
It is not known to the farmers that which out of four systems is performing well in terms of low grains loss. To analyze the problem, the present study was designed. The N.W.F.P. was divided into four zones based on the ecologyof the region. Test sites at Bannu, Kohat, Nowshera, and Swat were selected. Wheat variety Pirsabak-85 was selected to conduct experiments at all of these sites.
The experiments conducted on the four test sites (Bannu, Kohat, Nowshera and Swat ) clearly show that the harvesting and threshing losses in combine harvested crop are less than other system. The labour requirement forcombining is negligible as compared to manual and mechanical threshing and harvesting.
It was concluded that combine harvester is more efficient in reducing grain losses and cost of operation per hectare. A tractor operated, low cost combine is suggested for the small farmers of N.W.F.P
SUGGESTED METHODS FOR THE DESIGN OF WASTEWATER SYSTEMS FOR BUILDINGS IN DEVELOPING ENVIRONMENTS
No full textA summary of suggested methods and equations for the design of waste drainage, treatment and disposal systems for buildings in developing countries is presented, bearing in mind the peculiaf circumstances of these countries.
 
UNCERTAINTIES IN THE MIXED-FLOW TURBOCHARGER TURBINES STEADY EXPERIMENTAL DATA
No full textPresentation of the turbocharger turbine experimental performance data will be incomplete without some consideration of instrumentation accuracy, and its cumulative effect on the reported performance parameters, such as efficiency, velocity ratio, mass flow parameter and pressure ratio. The present paper concerns detailed uncertainty analysis applied to steady experiments performed on two versions of mixed-flow turbines to be used in automotive turbochargers1,2. Furthermore, the uncertainty analysis is not used as much as it should be in the planning, development, interpretation, and reporting of scientific and engineering experiments and since there is a growing awareness of this deficiency among standard groups, the terminology used is briefly defined and a thorough procedurehas been adopted. The experimental results of both the turbines are analysed and contrasted about their experimental uncertainties
MINERALOGICAL EXAMINATION AND DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM MESH OF GRIND OF NORTH WAZIRISTAN COPPER ORE (SHINKAI AREA)
No full textMineralogical examination of the copper sulphide ore samples was carried out at the Department of Mining Engineering to identify the constituents in the North Waziristan copper ore. Tests were also carried out to ascertain the optimum mesh of grind of ore suitable for concentration through flotation process. As a result of the testing and analysis the optimum mesh of grind deemed fit for concentration was 80% passing 200 mesh ( BSS ) and chalcopyrite was identified as major valuable mineral while quartz as gangue mineral
MODELING OF SHEAR SOCKETED PIERS IN ROCKS PART - 2: DIRECT SHEAR TESTS
No full textThe purpose of this study was to control undesirable discharge on the downstream of irrigation inlet during floods in the river/streams. To study this an automatic flape gate was designed and tested at Malakandhare farm of N-W.F.P University of Agricultural, Pakistan.The gate was made of mild steal. The experiments were conducted by storing and releasing upstream water. The downstream discharge was measured by cut throat flume. The upstream movement of Flape Gate was checked at 23° with horizontal water surface and sustained by 1701 grams weight with the surface area of gate as 529 cm3 and gate mass of 1.41 Kg.The increase in hydraulic pressure pushes the gate downwards. The gate then collapse with prefixed frame below which the desirable discharge was allowed to flow from the inlet. When flood recedes, manually the gate was brought back to its original position. The flap gate could be kept at 23° inclination by a sustaining mass of 1701 gms.The desirable discharge of 22 liter per second can be obtained when the upstream head varied from 23 cm to 49 cm, then the adjusted gate opening varied from 23 cm to 25 cm. The gate skeletons was simple and economical. Therefore, keeping in view the operational easiness and enormous economic benefits Flap Gate is recommended for adoption in the country
AUTOMATIC RECOGNITION OF OBJECTS OF SIMILAR SHAPE BUT DIFFERENT SIZE, ORIENTATION, AND LOCATION
No full textAutomatic image recognition requires identification of objects for similarity in shape regardless of differences in size, orientation, and location. The objects may be represented by their boundary curves, in which case the aim is to identify curves of the same or similar shape. Once two such curves have been identified, it is also often desired to find the transformation that will scale, rotate, and translate one curve so that it coincides with the other. This paper presents an algorithm for this latter task, making use of the Fourier Descriptors of the curves. Given twosimilar shape curves A and B ( represented as sets of points ), the algorithm first identifies points on B that are ‘shape-analogous to specified points of A. The shape analogous points are then used to calculate the transformations that remove the difference of size, orientation and location between A and B. Examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm