UET Peshawar Publications Site (University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar)
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SIMULATING SOIL SALINITY AND SODICITY PROCESSES IN THE UNSATURATED ZONE USING LEACHM
No full textProper management of salinity and sodicity problems in irrigated areas requires a comprehensive understanding of the processes which control the movement of water and salt through the root zone of irrigated soils. This detailed understanding requires the knowledge of chemical reactions taking place in the soil profile when irrigation water moves through the soil profile. In the present study, an existing soil moisture chemistry mode, LEACHM ( Leaching Estimation And solute transport CHemistrv Model ) was employed to simulate soil moisture flow and solute transport in irrigated soils of Chishtian Irrigation Sub-division of Punjab, Pakistan.This paper shows the results of model simulations with LEACHM on soil salinity and sodicity using the data of climate, soil, crop and irrigation of Chishtian Irrigation Sub-division. The results of the study indicate that LEACHM simulates the processes of salinity and sodicity fairly well. The results also show that by using bad quality tubewell water for irrigation, the degradation of top soil may take place within one year time period and entire soil profile may get spoiled within a ten year time period
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND TROUBLE-SHOOTING OF MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEMS USING A MINIMAL TOOLS ENVIRONMENT
No full textThis write up attempts to study the various aspects of the design, development and trouble-shooting of microprocessor based systems using a "minimal tool" environment. An 8085 based single board computer was designed for this purpose
ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE MASONARY BEAMS
No full textThis paper presents an in depth Structural Engineering and Structural Reliability of concrete masonary beams. The ductile response of masonary beams was studied in detail. A limit-state design methodology for reinforced concrete masonary beams is presented in this paper based on the principles of structural reliability. Recommended values of capacity reduction factors were developed that explicitly account the design safety of the limit states. The reinforcing steel bars are uniformly distributed throughout the beam section. Three different ductility definitions (Strain, Curvature, and Displacement) were studied and presented. This paper also formulated a structural reliability analysis method to establish limitations on the quantity of steel in masonary beams. Equations were derived for the expected capacity at yield and ultimate limit states. An important part of this paper was to quantify the uncertainty in the design capacity of concrete masonary beams of different limit states resulting from the variation of design variables. A famous analysis i.e. ’Monte Carlo’ analysis was performed to incorporate the uncertainties in material properties, Structural engineering Equations, and construction quality control
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND COLLECTOR SIZING FOR SOLAR ENERGY OPERATED/ASSISTED ABSORPTION MACHINES OPERATING UNDER LOCAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
No full textThis paper presents the theoretical performance of solar energy operated/assisted continuous absorption air conditioning machines while operating under local climatic conditions. The two most commonly used pairs of working fluids i.e. LiBr-H20 and NH3-H20 have been employed in the study. The thermodynamic analysis of the two absorption machines has been reported while operating in air conditioning mode and deriving input heat for the vapor generator from a flat plate solar collector. The COP, the relative solution circulation ratio and the energy transfer at various points in the system are also reported for both LiBr-H20 and NH3-H20 absorption machines.The monthly average daily solar energy collected to drive the absorption machines and utilizability of solar energy while operating the hot water solar collector at the temperature of generation have been discussed. The collector aperture area required per TR (ton of refrigeration) has been estimated for both the absorption machines. Monthly average daily collector efficiencies are also reported for the three summer months. Finally, the operating cost of VCS, gas operated VAS and solar energy operated VAS have been reported and conclusions have been made
COMPARISON OF ASYMMETRIC GARCH MODELS WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR STOCK MARKETS PREDICTION, A CASE STUDY
No full textMuch efforts have been done for modeling of financial data theoretically and empirically for the internationalstock markets, for example: Asia, Europe and Australia etc. But no frequent research has been done for the SAARCcountries stock markets. Therefore, bench mark Index of Pakistan; Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE-100) and BombayStock Exchange (BSNSE) of India are selected as case study. They are not only the member of SAARC but also sharingthe common border, due to this they are also involving in bilateral trading. We used closing indices of daily shareprice for the period of 1st January, 2010 to 15th January 2016. This study compares the forecasting performanceand also investigates more volatile stock markets using Asymmetric GARCH (A-GARCH) models and non-parametricmethod (Artificial Neural Networks). In the A-GARCH; EGARCH and PGARCH models are used. Firstly, suitableAsymmetric GARCH (A-GARCH) model was developed for forecasting and investigating leverage effect. Secondly,an Artificial Neural Networks model was developed for the said stock markets. Lastly, forecasting performance of theFA-GARCH and ANN models both in and out sample were evaluated using root mean square error. In the A-GARCH;EGARCH (1,1) performed better than PGARCH(1,1) in both stock market data. However, when comparing A-GARCHwith ANN, it was found that ANN gave minimum out sample forecasting error as compared to A-GARCH models.Therefore, ANN out played other studied models
TWO-PHOTON FLUORESCENCE EXCITATION CROSS-SECTIONS OF PHOTOSENSITIZER THIOXANTHONE TO FABRICATE CELL SCAFFOLD FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
No full textThis study investigates the fluorescence emission profle of Thioxanthone in Ethanol due to two photon absorption excitation. Thioxanthone was investigated as Photosensitizer to fabricate cell scaffold in Ethoxylated Bis Phenol A Dimethacrylate for tissue repair in the feld of biomedical. Also Incident Laser Power Effects were analyzed and found that the Fluorescence Intensity increases with increasing Incident Laser Power, Io, and the emitted fluorescence obeys the square-law dependences. Also when the Photo-Sensitizer was excited at different wavelengths (800nm, 400nm), it was found that Fluorescence Emission Profle did not change but variations occurred only in Fluorescence Emission Intensity
SHEAR CAPACITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS WITHOUT WEB REINFORCEMENT
No full textThe summary of a statistical study of shear strength of non-prestressed reinforced concrete beams is presented, which was aimed at obtaining an equation that would not overestimate the shear capacity of R.C. beams as well as it would reflect the reasonable influence of M/Vd on shear capacity of R.C. beams, which is less pronounced in present AC1 equation for calculating shear capacity of R.C. beams. All beams had a shear span/ effective depth at least 2.5 and contained no shear reinforcement. The database used in the statistical analysis comprised 360 beams reported in the literature, including the results of twenty beams, which were cast and tested as a part of this study. An equation is proposed as a result of statistical regression analysis for shear strength of non-prestressed concrete beams
PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR 11kV RURAL NETWORK USING ARC NOISE
No full textExtensive research work is being done on protecting devices for 11kV network using are noise & fault transients. The authors describe a protective relay system which uses fault noise frequencies in relay to operate a circuit breaker. The relay works on the principle of detecting fault and extracting voltage signal output from the noise frequencies across filter. The voltage developed without amplification, is enough to operate the circuit breaker. Sensitivity of the circuit breaker can further be increased by switching on a d.c source to operate the circuit breaker. In this paper design, operation and application of the relay are described
DESIGN OF FIXED ORDER ROBUST CONTROLLER USING H∞ -NORM AND EVOLUTIONARY TECHNIQUES: COMPARISONS AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
No full textRobust controllers obtained using H∞ control theory usually have much higher order than that of the plant and it is complex in nature as well. Moreover, in these design methods the order of controller cannot be fixed a priori to control law design. In industrial applications it is hard to execute these controllers practically. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes the use of evolutionary techniques (i.e. genetic algorithm and immune algorithm) for the designing of a low, fixed order robust controller. To check the effectiveness of the proposed approach, resulting controller parameters are evaluated for performance analysis via extensive simulations. Simulation results and performance comparisons demonstrate the efficiency of proposed approaches
Characterization of Nickle Free Titanium Alloy TI-27Nb for Biomedical Applications
No full textIn recent years, there has been increasing prominence on materials applications in biomedical areas. This article focuses mainly on the low modulus titanium- based alloys. It discusses the biological bio-compatibility and mechanical properties of titanium alloy TI-27Nb and brings out the overall superiority of low modulus titanium based alloys neglecting the cost effect as because of the health concerns of human being. With the advancement in field of medical and material, it is now a well-known fact that the use of Ti alloys increased tremendously because of its better fundamental properties, like biological compatibility, mechanical compatibility and enhanced wear and corrosion resistance in the human body environment. This paper also narrates the influence of crystal structure, biological biocompatibility, low young modulus effect.