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Tejiendo la razón : La evolución de Genoveva Alcocer como reflejo del pensamiento kantiano en La tejedora de coronas
No full textThis thesis analyzes the evolution of the character Genoveva Alcocer in La tejedora de coronas (1982) by Germán Espinosa, situating it in the context of the Enlightenment and under the philosophical perspectives of Kant and Ricoeur. The work shows how Genoveva, facing the social and religious restrictions of her time, embodies the Kantian ideal of emancipation through reason, achieving an autonomy that reflects Enlightenment values.The analysis combines Kant’s notion of leaving minority status with the duality between fixed identity (idem) and dynamic identity (ipse) proposed by Ricoeur, which helps to understand the character's transformation toward autonomy. The thesis aims to highlight how social and emotional structures condition this process, emphasizing the complexity of Enlightenment emancipation. Esta tesina analiza la evolución del personaje de Genoveva Alcocer en La tejedora de Coronas (1982) de Germán Espinosa, situándola en el contexto de la Ilustración y bajo las perspectivas filosóficas de Kant y Ricoeur. La obra muestra cómo Genoveva, enfrentándose a las restricciones sociales y religiosas de su tiempo, encarna el ideal kantiano de emancipación a través de la razón, logrando una autonomía que refleja los valores ilustrados. El análisis combina la noción kantiana de la salida de la minoría de edad, con la dualidad entre la identidad fija (idem) y dinámica (ipse) propuesta por Ricoeur, lo que permite comprender la transformación del personaje hacia la autonomía. La tesina busca evidenciar cómo las estructuras sociales y emocionales condicionan este proceso, destacando la complejidad de la emancipación ilustrada.
Forensic nursing – the link between healthcare and the justicesystem : A litterature review
No full textBakgrund Våld i samhället är ett växande globalt problem. Forensisk omvårdnad är länken mellan rättsväsendet och sjukvården som kan hjälpa till att fälla brottslingar. Forensiska sjuksköterskor har i uppdrag att säkra bevis, noggrant dokumentera skador och försvara patientens värdighet och rättigheter. I USA ligger denna utbildning i framkant och är en stark vårdfilosofi medan den i Sverige inte får samma uppmärksamhet och prioritering. Syfte Litteraturstudien syftar till att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser och erfarenheter vid det akuta forensiska omhändertagandet av vuxna personer. Metod Litteraturstudien är baserad på 20 vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och APA PsycInfo. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades med hjälp av Nilssons (2017a; 2017b) granskningsmallar för kvalitativa samt kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat Resultatet bygger på tre huvudteman med tillhörande underteman. Sjuksköterskor upplevde svårigheter kring identifiering av våldsutsatta personer, spårsäkring och dokumentation på grund av bristande kunskap. Vidare framkommer brister kring riktlinjer, kommunikation samt sjuksköterskornas emotionella utmaningar i mötet med våldsutsatta personer. Bristande kunskaper inom forensisk omvårdnad kan leda till förlorad rättslig upprättelse för den våldsutsatta personen. Slutsats Brister inom forensisk omvårdnad påverkar sjuksköterskors förmåga att korrekt identifiera och omhänderta våldsutsatta personer. Bristande utbildning, otydliga riktlinjer och otillräcklig samverkan påverkar vård och rättssäkerhet. Satsningar på utbildning, riktlinjer och stödstrukturer rekommenderas.Background Violence in society is a growing global issue. Forensic nursing is the link between the justice system and the healthcare system that can help convict criminals. Forensic nurses are tasked with securing evidence, accurately documenting injuries and defending the dignity and rights of the patient. This education is at the forefront in USA and is a strong philosophy of care, whereas in Sweden, less emphasis is placed on this area. Aim The literature study aims to describe nurses' experiences and experiences in the acute forensic care of adults Method The literature study is based on 20 scientific articles from the databases PubMed, CINAHL and APA PsycInfo. The articles were quality reviewed using Nilsson´s (2017a; 2017b) review templates for qualitative and quantitative articles. Results The result is based on three main themes with associated sub-themes. Nurses experienced difficulties regarding the identification of people exposed to violence, securing evidence and documentation due to a lack of knowledge. Furthermore, there are shortcomings regarding guidelines, communication and the nurses' emotional challenges in meeting with people exposed to violence. Lack of knowledge in forensic nursing can lead to consequences for the abused person and for the legal system. Conclusions Deficiencies in forensic nursing affect nurses' ability to correctly identify and care for victims of violence. Insufficient training, unclear guidelines, and inadequate collaboration impact both care and legal security. Investments in education, guidelines and support structures are recommended
Patients’ experiences of living with pressure ulcers : A literature review
No full textBakgrund Trycksår är tyvärr en vanlig vårdskada där patienten upplever lidande, både fysiskt och psykiskt. Den tillgängliga forskningen som finns idag kretsar kring hur trycksår skall förebyggas samt behandlas, dock finns det begränsat med forskning kring hur patienten upplever sitt liv med trycksår. Sjuksköterskor är i behov av mer kunskap kring hur patienten upplever sitt liv för att kunna lindra lidande och göra patienten delaktig i vården. Syfte Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av att leva med trycksår. Metod En litteraturöversikt där 13 artiklar med kvalitativ samt kvantitativ metod valdes ut. Artiklarna valdes systematiskt ut från databaserna Pubmed och CINAHL. Resultat Resultatet visade att patienter får ett begränsat liv på flera olika sätt på grund av sitt trycksår. En bidragande orsak till patientens begränsningar var den konstanta smärtan som gav upphov till stort obehag samt lidande. Tryckavlastningen upplevdes som utmanande då den blev ett hinder för delaktigheten i vården. Patienters upplevelse av samhörighet och tillhörighet i det sociala livet försvann. Slutsats Patienter påverkas på flera olika sätt av sitt trycksår, med bland annat begränsningar i vardagen. Detta leder till att den sociala interaktionen blir lidande. Även det fysiska lidandet påverkas av en svårbehandlad smärta som sjuksköterskor ofta förbiser. Detta skulle kunna tyda på att sjuksköterskor behöver mer kunskap kring smärtlindring och en ökad förståelse för det psykosociala lidandet ett trycksår medför.Background Pressure ulcers are unfortunately a common healthcare injury where the patient experiences suffering, both physical and mental. Today´s research revolves around how pressure ulcers should be prevented and treated, but there is limited research on how the patient experiences their life with pressure ulcers. Nurses are in need of more knowledge about how the patient experiences their life in order to alleviate their suffering and make them participate in the care. Aim The purpose of this literature review was to describe patients´ experiences of living with pressure ulcers Method A literature review where 13 articles with qualitative and quantitative methods were selected. The articles were systematically selected from the databases Pubmed and CHINAL. Results The results showed that patients have a limited life in several different ways because of their pressure ulcer. A contributing factor to the patient´s limitations was constant pain, which gave rise to great discomfort and suffering. Pressure relief was perceived as challenging as it became an obstacle to participation in care. Patients' experience of belonging and belonging in social life disappeared. Conclusions Patients are affected in several different ways by their pressure ulcer, including limitations in everyday life. This leads to social interaction suffering. Even the physical suffering is affected by a difficult- to- treat pain that nurses often overlook. This could indicate that nurses need more knowledge about pain relief and an increased understanding of the psychosocial suffering a pressure ulcer causes
Rebuilding Trust in Black-Box Models : Using Explainable Machine Learning (SHAP) to Analyze Feature Impact Across Models for Bankruptcy Prediction
No full textThis thesis aims to enhance the interpretability of ensemble machine learning (ML) models for bankruptcy prediction using SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations). Traditional statistical models, such as logistic regression, lack the ability to capture non-linear relationships in financial data, while ensemble models like Random Forest (RF) and XGBoost (XGB) excel in predictive accuracy but are difficult to interpret. The research bridges this gap by applying SHAP to transform these black-box models into transparent systems, making them more actionable and trustworthy for financial institutions. Using a dataset of 10,696 companies from the Swedish hospitality sector (1998–2021), the study addresses class imbalance with SMOTE-ENN and evaluates Logistic Regression, RF, and XGB. Results reveal that XGB captures more complex, non-linear patterns, achieving the highest accuracy and outperforming RF and Logistic Regression. SHAP analysis identifies key financial ratios, such as retained earnings to total assets and working capital to total assets, as the most influential predictors. Results demonstrate that XGB outperforms LR and RF in predictive accuracy by capturing complex, non-linear feature interactions. SHAP analysis identified significant contributors, including features withweaker or negative correlations, particularly in RF and XGB. In contrast, LR exhibited simpler, linearrelationships, aligning more closely with traditional correlation metrics. This research underscores the valueof explainable ML in enhancing decision-making, ensuring regulatory compliance, and fostering trust inML-based bankruptcy prediction. By combining accuracy with interpretability, it provides a robust framework for analyzing high-dimensional, imbalanced datasets in financial analytics.
Weather Normalized Modelling for Air Pollution Forecasting
No full textAir pollution has emerged as a pressing global challenge, posing significant risks to public health, the environment, and economic stability. Accurate forecasting of air quality is crucial for enabling effective mitigation strategies and protecting vulnerable populations. This study aims to develop a robust Weather Normalized Model (WNM) that integrates meteorological data with air quality information to enhance the accuracy of air pollution predictions in Quito, Ecuador. The research employs a comprehensive methodology that combines data collection, preprocessing, and the development of a Gradient Boosting Machine model. Local air quality data from the Atmospheric Monitoring Network of Quito (REMMAQ) and global weather data from OpenWeatherMap are utilized to train and validate WNM. The study also compares the performance of the WNM against traditional forecasting models, both with and without weather normalization, to assess the added value of incorporating meteorological factors. The results indicate that the Weather Normalized Model (WNM) significantly outperforms the traditional model that does not integrate meteorological factors. This improvement underscores the importance of incorporating weather data into air quality forecasting models. The study also conducted experiments to assess the effectiveness of combining local air quality data with global weather data sourced from OpenWeatherMap. This approach aimed to determine whether utilizing global weather forecasts could enhance the accuracy of air pollution predictions. Furthermore, the research explored the potential of combining local data with a simple and traditional weather forecasting model, such as ARIMA, to address the challenges posed by limited access to real-time weather data for local sources. Overall, these experiments collectively demonstrate the effectiveness of weather normalization and the strategic integration of diverse data sources in improving air quality forecasting models. The successful implementation of the WNM in Quito can serve as a blueprint for other urban centres facing similar air quality challenges, particularly in developing countries where resources and data availability may be limited. This study represents a significant step towards improving public health outcomes, supporting sustainable urban planning, and mitigating the environmental and economic impacts of air pollution.
: A Study of Newly Arrived Secondary School Students' Attitudes and Motivation Linked to Their Ability to Learn Swedish Vocabulary
No full textDenna studie undersöker sambandet mellan elevers attityder och motivation till svenska språket och deras språkutveckling. Med utgångspunkt i teorier om språkutveckling och identitet fokuserar studien på sju nyanlända högstadieelever som har varit i Sverige i ungefär två år. Genom en kombination av en enkät om attityder och motivation samt vokabulärtester kartläggs hur elevers språkliga utveckling påverkas av dessa faktorer. Resultaten analyseras kvantitativt för att identifiera samband mellan elevernas inställning till svenskan, deras självförtroende och språkliga prestationer. Studien syftar till att belysa hur faktorer som identitet och motivation kan främja språkutveckling hos andraspråkselever. Studien bidrar med insikter om hur undervisning kan anpassas för att stötta nyanlända elevers språk- och identitetsskapande processer, vilket i förlängningen kan leda till förbättrade pedagogiska strategier och ökad måluppfyllelse för denna elevgrupp
From immigration to migration
No full textUtgångspunkt för studien är Sverigedemokraterna och deras valmanifest inför valen under perioden år 2010-2022. Syftet är att få kunskap om hur Sverigedemokraterna har formulerat sig gällande migration. De teorier som används är radikal högerpopulism (RHP), samt teorin om “Den Andre”. I studien analyseras språk och uttryck och därför används diskursanalys som metod. Det material som används är Sverigedemokraternas valmanifest inför de fyra olika riksdagsvalen 2010, 2014, 2018 och 2022. Resultatet av analysen visar att det språk som SD använder är i överensstämmelse med hur begreppet används inom RHP. Det språk och de uttryck som används i samtliga fyra valmanifest visar tydliga skillnader mellan “Vi“ och “Dom”. Enligt valmanifesten uttrycker SD därmed öppet en främlingsfientlig syn på invandrare. Det har även skett förändringar vad gäller uttryckssättet under tidsperioden 2010-2022, till exempel från invandring till migration.The starting point for the study is the Sweden Democrats and their election manifesto before the elections in the period 2010-2022. The aim is to gain knowledge about how the Sweden Democrats have formulated their position regarding migration. The theories used are radical right-wing populism (RHP), as well as the theory of "The Other". In the study, language and expression are analyzed and therefore discourse analysis is used as a method. The material used is the Sweden Democrats' election manifesto for the four different parliamentary elections in 2010, 2014, 2018 and 2022. The result of the analysis shows that the language used by SD is consistent with how the term is used within RHP. The language and expressions used in all four election manifestos show clear differences between "We" and "Them". According to the election manifesto, SD thus openly expresses a xenophobic view of immigrants. There have also been changes regarding the way of expression during the time period 2010-2022, for example from immigration to migration
Evaluating an internal quality assurance process for achieving national accreditation standards in midwifery education : a study protocol
No full textThe World Health Organization and the International Confederation of Midwives emphasize the importance of accreditation to enhance quality in midwifery education. In midwifery education programmes, internal self-assessments are used to meet accreditation criteria. However, research on this topic is scarce. Therefore, this paper describes how we plan to conduct an evaluation of an internal quality assurance process in midwifery education aimed at achieving national accreditation standards in Bangladesh. This study has a longitudinal exploratory design and will be guided by the principles of process evaluation of complex interventions. An internal quality assurance self-assessment intervention will be introduced at 31 private and public education institutions in Bangladesh. To ensure a sustainable implementation, the Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle will be introduced. Data will be collected using self-administered questionnaires and focus group discussions with midwifery faculty and final-semester students. Descriptive statistics and regression models will be performed for the quantitative data, and the qualitative data will be analysed using content analysis. It is anticipated that, without internal quality assurance of midwifery education programmes, accreditation alone is unlikely to enhance quality. We aspire for this research project to illustrate a process that the midwifery institutes can implement themselves for sustainable transformation towards high-quality midwifery education in countries where such internal quality assurance processes have not yet been integrated into the education system.Trial registration: The study was registered retrospectively with the ISRCTN registry on 26 August 2024. The registration number is: ISRCTN14492910
‘At the heart of the community’ – a Somali woman’s experience of ‘alignment’ of support to escape social isolation in pregnancy and early motherhood
No full textPurpose: Stresses in pregnancy and early motherhood can affect women's health and wellbeing, and babies' development. Migrant women face compounding stressors from the intersection of gender, race, social class, migration, and language. We explored one Somali woman's experience of pregnancy and the transition to motherhood, following migration to an urban environment in the Global North, aiming to understand resilience in this specific socio-cultural context. Methods: This case study used interpretative phenomenological analysis of a single two-hour semi-structured interview with a Somali woman in the UK to explore how this experience may have relevance for communities and practitioners in the Global North. Results: We identified two overarching themes in this woman's experience: "vicious" and "virtuous" circles, attempting to make sense of her experience of isolation and lack of wellbeing, and subsequent confidence, engagement, and community-building. Conclusions: An experience of "alignment" in social relationships appeared to make possible the shift from "vicious" to "virtuous" circle, which enabled escape from social isolation. This account of transformation-from social isolation to community contribution-underlines the role of community organizations facilitating positive social networks and peer support during pregnancy and early motherhood
Varför ett temanummer om läsning i förskolan och varför just nu?
No full textRedaktionell artikel i temanumret Lesing med/for/av barn - med relevans for barnehagen</p