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Post surgical pain relieving nursing interventions and their effects : a literature review
No full textBakgrund Postoperativ smärta är både en postoperativ komplikation och kan i sig leda till komplikationer. Farmakologisk smärtlindring kan också leda till komplikationer. Syfte Syftet med litteraturöversikten är att kartlägga postoperativa smärtlindrande omvårdnadsinterventioner och dess effekter. Metod Examensarbetet genomförs som en strukturerad litteraturstudie med inslag av den metodologi som används vid systematiska översikter. Artiklarna söktes i CINAHL och Pubmed och publicerades 2019–2024. Totalt analyserades 15 artiklar. Resultat 13 av de 15 smärtlindrande metoderna som ingick i litteraturöversikten hade en signifikant smärtlindrande effekt i jämförelse med kontrollgrupperna som fick vård enligt sedvanlig behandling eller placebo. Slutsats Vår litteraturöversikt visar att 13 av de 15 inkluderade icke-farmakologiska interventionerna hade en signifikant smärtlindrande effekt jämfört med kontrollgrupper som fick sedvanlig behandling eller placebo, detta resultat är dock inte tillräckligt betydelsefullt för att hävda att dessa metoder bör integreras inom postoperativ vård. Background Post surgical pain is both a complication in itself but it can also lead to secondary complications. Pain relief is therefore important. But pharmacological pain relief also has side effects. Aim The aim of our literature review is to study the effects of non-pharmacological pain relieving nursing interventions post surgically. Method This thesis is carried out as a structured literature review with elements of the methodology used in systematic reviews. We searched in the databases CINAHL and Pubmed. The articles were found in CINAHL och Pubmed and were published 2019-2024. In total 15 articles were reviewed. Results 13 of the 15 different pain relieving methods had a significant pain reducing effect compared to the control groups which received standard treatment or placebo treatment. Conclusions Our literature review shows that 13 of the 15 included non-pharmacological interventions had a significant pain-relieving effect compared to control groups that received standard treatment or placebo, this result is not significant enough to argue that these methods should be integrated into postoperative care
District nurses’ perceptions and experiences of working with elderly’s medication adherence : a qualitative interview study
No full textBakgrund: Bristande följsamhet till läkemedelsbehandling är ett stort folkhälsoproblem, framför allt bland äldre. En bristande följsamhet kan leda till negativa hälsorisker samt ökade kostnader för samhället. Primärvården har ofta huvudansvaret för äldres läkemedelsbehandling och distriktssköterskor fyller en viktig funktion i att främja en god följsamhet. Trots detta är distriktssköterskan ofta en underutnyttjad resurs på området. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskors upplevelser och erfarenheter av att arbeta med äldres följsamhet till läkemedelsbehandling på vårdcentral. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med elva distriktssköterskor på åtta vårdcentraler. Intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Utifrån intervjuerna kunde fem kategorier med två till tre subkategorier identifieras.Faktorer som påverkar läkemedesföljsamheten beskrev distriktssköterskornas upplevelse av orsaker till bristande följsamhet. Distriktssköterskans roll i äldres läkemedelshantering handlade om helhetssyn och problemlösning. Distriktssköterskans arbete för en bättre följsamhet innefattade ågärder för att förbättra följsamheten. Samverkan med andra professioner beskrev samarbetet med bland annat läkare. Utmaningar och förbättringsområden innefattade områden som resurser och kunskap. Slutsats: Distriktssköterskornas arbete med följsamhet till äldres läkemedelsbehandling var omfattande men det framkom att strukturerade arbetssätt saknades. Implementering av strukturerade arbetssätt kan vara ett sätt att förbättra äldres läkemedelsföljsamhet.Background: Poor medication adherence is a significant public health issue, especially among the elderly. Medication nonadherence can lead to negative health outcomes, as well as increased costs for society. Primary care often has the main responsibility for elderly people's medical treatment, and district nurses play an important role in promoting adherence. Despite this, the district nurse is often an underutilized resource. Aim: The aim was to describe district nurses’ perceptions and experiences of working with elderly’s medication adherence. Method: A qualitative interview study based on semi structured individual interviews was conducted with eleven district nurses in eight health centers. Interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Based on the interviews, five categories with two to three subcategories could be identified. Factors affecting medication adherence described the district nurses' experience of the reasons for lack of medication adherence. The district nurse’s role in elders medication management was about a holistic view and problem solving. The district nurse's work for better compliance included measures to improve compliance. Collaboration with other professions described collaboration with doctors, among others. Challenges and areas for improvement included areas such as resources and knowledge. Conclusions: The district nurses' work with medication adherence was extensive, however, they felt that structured working methods were lacking. Implementing structured working methods in could be a way to increase elderly´s adherence to medication
Teachers’ beliefs about literacy teaching in Swedish for Immigrants during the COVID-19 pandemic : Stability and dynamics
No full textInternational migration creates a need for second language (L2) education in majority languages. The language programme Swedish for Immigrants (SFI) offers basic edu-cation in Swedish as an L2 to newly arrived adult migrants in Sweden. The aim of the study presented here is to explore the stability and dynamics of teachers’ beliefs about the education offered to students studying Literacy Education and Second Language Learning for Adults (LESLLA) during the COVID-19 pandemic.The study is part of an action research project that included teachers and students at four SFI schools. This sub-study builds on individual and focus group interviews with teachers from these schools, which are analysed though content analysis. The theoretical base for the study is the beliefs of teachers and the stability and dynamics thereof. For these teachers, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic meant an abrupt switch from in-person instruction in the classroom to various combinations of digital education and in-person instruction in smaller groups. The beliefs of these teachers remained stable concerning their students’ needs, such as the importance of social interaction, varied exercises and frequent feedback. At the same time, they showed creativity in developing new forms of teaching. The situation was stressful for teachers and a higher level of stability could have allowed them to prioritise in other ways. In these politically and economically challenging times, LESLLA students are in even greater need of efficient and empowering education, not least access to digital tools and competence of high quality. We conclude that the possibilities for the schools of handling the crisis that the pandemic caused depended on the professional competence of individual teachers as well as their ability to act independently
How does pole length affect lower back muscle activity at different inclines and skiing intensities during double poling?
No full textPURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate how pole length, incline, and skiing intensity affect lower back muscle activation in elite cross-country skiers. This addressing a critical gap in understanding the biomechanical demands and risk of low back pain of double poling (DP). METHOD: Eleven elite cross-country skiers performed skiing trials on a treadmill, varying in incline (flat vs. 6°), intensity (two self-selected speeds, training speed and racing speed), and pole lengths. Muscle activity was measured by surface electromyography on the erector spinae thoracic and lumbar muscles, on the left and right side. A motion capture system was used for kinematic analysis of the lower back-pole moment arm and the hip angle during the DP cycle. RESULTS: Compared to men, female skiers had a significantly higher (p < 0.001), overall muscle activation for the m. erector spinae lumbar on both the left and right side (26% of MVC vs. 15% of MVC, and 28% of MVC vs. 22% of MVC, for the left and right side, respectively). No correlations were found, neither between muscle activation to the lower back-pole moment arm, or to the hip angle. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that female skiers experience significantly higher lumbar erector spinae activation during DP, potentially indicating greater susceptibility to back-related issues. The results also highlight the need to tailor training and right adapted equipment to mitigate lower back stress, especially in flat terrain high-intensity conditions. The asymmetrical muscle activity and gender differences underscores the need for further investigation into biomechanical factors influencing back muscle engagement in cross-country skiing
Läromedel och lärande : En svenskdidaktisk studie om hur uppgifter i läromedel uppmanar till elevinteraktion ur ett sociokulturellt perspektiv
No full textSyftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur fyra läromedel för högstadiet i ämnet svenska främjar elevinteraktion i klassrummet. Genom en kombination av kvantitativ och kvalitativ innehållsanalys kartläggs antalet interaktiva uppgifter och deras karaktär i läromedlen Liber Svenska 7–9, Kontakt 7–9, Svenska impulser 9 och Spegla språket 9. Resultatet visar att läromedlen varierar i sin fördelning av individuella och interaktiva uppgifter, där Svenska impulser och Spegla språket erbjuder flest interaktiva moment. Interaktiva uppgifter präglas främst av språket som medierande redskap, medan gestaltning är den kategori som finns minst representerad i samtliga lätomedel. Även kategorierna scaffolding och material som medierande stöttning förekommer i mindre utsträckning. Studien identifierar även att Kontakt särskiljer sig genom att ofta uppmana till helklassdiskussioner, vilket kan påverka förutsättningarna för jämställd elevinteraktion. Slutsatsen är att läromedlen erbjuder olika möjligheter till elevinteraktion, men elevers faktiska upplevelser påverkas också av den enskildes lärarens val i undervisningen
Rethinking car-dependent rural tourism mobility
No full textAutomobile dependence and its externalities pose significant sustainability issues in both urban and rural areas. However, the existing literature mainly focuses on cities, with limited evidence from cases in the countryside. Travelling in rural areas requires attention, as most tourists rely on private cars to travel to and within these places. Also, cars are still widely accepted as "the rural transport solution", which hinders the transition to more sustainable transport systems. In this paper I present empirical evidence on the extent to which domestic tourists depend on their cars for travel to and within Sälen, a rural destination in Sweden. According to a Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) survey conducted among tourists in Sälen, 89% of visitors travelled to the destination by car, while none of them used collective transport. Moreover, interviews conducted with stakeholders involved in transport planning and management in Sälen have revealed challenges in providing alternative mobility options, such as public transport, to the destination. Furthermore, even though the destination offers a ski bus transport system for trips within the destination, the survey results indicate that most tourists still prefer to travel by private car within Sälen. The use of private cars for tourist travel has resulted in externalities, particularly congestion during peak times. This view is shared by stakeholders and supported by the results of the tourist survey. These findings have implications for rural (tourism) policy, as they show that developing alternative mobility infrastructure is not enough to shift tourists' automobile dependency in rural areas
Case Managers’ Questions to Older Adults About Domestic Abuse : A Survey Study
No full textTo recognize and identify older adults exposed to domestic abuse case managers need to raise the issue with their clients. The purpose of this study was to examinethe factors that influence case managers’ questions to older adults about domestic abuse and their views on asking such questions. A survey study was conducted with case managers (n=64) working in Dalarna County, with a response rate of 69.6%. The results showed that the largest proportion (n=24, 37.5%) of casemanagers rarely ask questions about domestic abuse. How frequently they asked questions was associated with greater confidence in handling cases of domestic abuse and a higher prioritization of the issue. The largest proportion of case managers felt neutral about discussing the subject with a client, while greater comfort in discussing domestic abuse was linked to greater confidence in handling such cases, receiving sufficient education/training on domestic abuse and a higher prioritization of the issue. It is important that case managers work in an organization that provides them with the confidence and skills that enable them to ask older adults about domestic abuse.För att kunna identifiera våldsutsatta äldre behöver biståndshandläggare ta upp frågan med sina brukare. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar biståndshandläggarnas frågor till äldre om våld i nära relationer och deras syn på att ställa sådana frågor. En enkätundersökning genomfördes med biståndshandläggare (n=64) som arbetar i Dalarnas Län, med en svarsfrekvens på 69,6 %. Resultatet visade att största andelen (n=24, 37,5%) av biståndshandläggarna sällan ställer frågor. Utsträckningen på att ställa frågor var förknippade med större säkerhet kring hanteringen av våldsutsatthet och högre prioritering av ämnet. Största andelen biståndshandläggarna kände sig neutrala att diskutera ämnet med brukare. Större bekvämlighet med att diskutera våld var förknippade med säkrare hantering, tillräckligt med undervisning/utbildning om våld och högre prioritering av ämnet. Det är viktigt att biståndshandläggare arbetar i en organisation som ger dem trygghet och färdigheter som krävs för att kunna ställa frågor till äldre om våld i nära relationer
I bevegelse bort fra friluftslivsutdanningens opprinnelige danningsideal? En scoping review om forskning på friluftslivsutdanning i UH-sektoren
No full textDet eksisterer ingen oversiktsartikler som systematisk presenterer forskningen på friluftsliv i høyere utdanning i Norge. Artikkelens formål er å gi en slik oversikt, samt diskutere hvordan friluftsliv presenteres i forskningen fra et pedagogisk og historisk perspektiv. Forskningsspørsmålene vi stil-ler er: Hva karakteriserer forskningen på friluftsliv innen høyere utdanning?Hvordan forholder dagens friluftslivsforskning seg til ulike danningsideal? Etter ferdigstilt inklusjonsprosess ble 37 publikasjoner inkludert i studien. Vi identifiserte ingen publikasjoner før 2008. Resultatene viser at et flertall av publikasjonene var kvalitativt innrettet. Gjennom en abduktiv tilnærming til kvalitativ innholdsana-lyse konstruerte vi følgende forskningstemaer i vår studie: (1) studentenes læring, (2) ledelse og personlig vekst, (3) natursyn og bærekraft og (4) kritikk av den neoliberale påvirkningen. Vi fant at friluftslivsutdanningens opprinnelige ideer om økofilosofi og økodanning er lite belyst, og at det er lite forskning på mangfold og inkludering i friluftsliv i høyere utdanning. Resultatet av studien diskuteres i lys av utdanningens funksjon og i relasjon til danningsideal i friluftslivsutdanningen. There is a lack of scoping reviews on friluftsliv in higher education in Norway. The aim of this paper is to contribute with such a review and to discuss research about friluftsliv from educational and historical perspectives. Our research questions are: What characterizes research on friluftsliv in higher education in Norway? How is contemporary research on friluftsliv related to educational ideals, and to theory about the function of education? 37 publications were included in the study, none of these were published before 2008. The results show that most publications applied a qualitative methodology. Through an abductive approach to qualitative content analysis, we constructed the following research themes in our study: (1) student learning, (2) leadership and personal growth, (3) conceptions of nature and sustainability, and (4) critique of neoliberalism. We found that origi-nal ideas about ecophilosophy and eco-education are poorly elucidated, and that little research has been done on topics related to diversity and inclusion in friluftsliv in higher education. The results of the study are discussed in relation to educational ideals in friluftsliv studies, as well as to theory about the functions of education
Creative dance - practising and improving … what? : A study in physical education teacher education
No full textCreative dance, that is to say, movements, with or without music, which allow participants to express ideas, thoughts, and feelings, are sometimes accompanied by a 'there is no right or wrong way to move' rhetoric. This may reinforce the impression among physical education teacher education (PETE) students, who often have limited experience of (creative) dance, that there is nothing to practise in creative dance and that this activity is merely directionless movement. In this paper, however, based on Aggerholm's notion of practising movements, we explore an occasion in a PETE course where a magic moment occurred, indicating that the students had practised and 'figured out' something that made this moment possible. The purpose of the paper is to explore the knowledge in movement that PETE students were practising as they participated in creative dance. The purpose is also to shed light on what pedagogical practice contributed to enabling such practising. Video documentation and short interviews with students in one PETE course and one continuing professional development course for physical education teachers indicate that the magic moment was made possible as the students' practised making sense of moving in non-predetermined - creative - ways and appreciating the expressive dimension of movement. Laban's movement analysis framework seemed, along with the teachers' knowledge of movement, to be an important element in the pedagogical practice that made the magic moment possible
Upplevd ljudkvalitet: En jämförelse av professionella och mobilbaserade ljudinspelningsenheter : Högkvalitativ ljudinspelning med mobiltelefoner och ljudkort
No full textDenna kandidatuppsats utforskar potentialen för att använda mobiltelefoner som verktyg för högkvalitativa ljudinspelningar genom integrationen av externa ljudkort via USB-C. Trots den moderna mobiltelefonens framsteg och multifunktionella kapacitet har bristen på professionell ljudkvalitet med inbyggda mikrofoner varit en begränsande faktor för användare som vill skapa ljudinnehåll av hög kvalitet. Uppsatsen undersöker hur den senaste teknologin, tillsammans med utvecklingen av ljudinspelningsapplikationer, kan möjliggöra för individer att genomföra inspelningar i olika miljöer utan att investera i dyra specialiserade ljudutrustningar. Genom att analysera kostnader och användningsområden för traditionella ljudinspelningsenheter, som Zoom H4n och Zoom F8n, belyser studien de ekonomiska och praktiska fördelarna med att utnyttja mobiltelefonens kapacitet för ljudinspelning, särskilt i ljuset av det ökande behovet av innehållsskapande på sociala medier. Resultaten av denna forskning kan erbjuda nya möjligheterför användare som vill producera kvalitativt ljudinnehåll, samtidigt som de minskar sina ekonomiska investeringar i utrustning. Uppsatsen föreslår att det nya arbetssättet kan revolutionera ljudinspelning för både amatörer och professionella innehållsskapare