Dalarna University College Electronic Archive
Not a member yet
13986 research outputs found
Sort by
Meat intake in relation to composition and function of gut microbiota.
No full textOBJECTIVE: Meat intake is suggested to affect gut microbiome composition and the risk of chronic diseases. We aimed to identify meat-associated gut microbiome features and their association with host factors. DESIGN: Gut microbiota species were profiled by deep shotgun metagenomics sequencing in 9669 individuals. Intake of white meat, unprocessed red meat, and processed red meat was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The associations of meat intake with alpha-diversity and relative abundance of gut microbiota species were tested using linear regression models with adjustment for dietary fiber intake, body mass index, and other potential confounders. Meat-associated species were further assessed for association with enrichment of microbial gene function, meat-associated plasma metabolites, and clinical biomarkers. RESULTS: Higher intake of processed red meat was associated with reduced alpha microbial diversity. White meat, unprocessed, and processed red meat intakes were associated with 36, 14, and 322 microbiota species, respectively. Species associated with processed red meat were enriched for bacterial pathways like amino acid degradation, while those negatively linked were enriched for pathways like homoacetogenesis. Furthermore, species positively associated with processed red meat were to a large extent associated with reduced trimethylamine N-oxide and glutamine levels but increased creatine and carnitine metabolites, fasting insulin and glucose, C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein A1, and triglyceride levels and higher blood pressure. CONCLUSION: This largest to date population-based study on meat and gut microbiota suggests that meat intake, particularly processed red meat, may modify the gut microbiota composition, functional capacity, and health-related biomarkers
Gymnasielärares uppfattningar om digitala verktyg i svenskundervisningen och deras roll i elevernas skrivutveckling : En semistrukturerad intervjustudie om lärares didaktiska val och användning av digitala verktyg
No full textDenna studie undersöker hur gymnasielärare i svenska använder digitala verktyg för att stödja elevernas skrivutveckling i svenskundervisningen. Studien tar upp digitaliseringens möjligheter och utmaningar i undervisningen, med särskilt fokus på skrivundervisning. Syftet är att undersöka lärarnas uppfattningar och de didaktiska val de gör vid integreringen av digitala verktyg i klassrummet. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer med 12 gymnasielärare. Det teoretiska ramverket utgår från ett sociokulturellt perspektiv, med fokus på mediering och digitala artefakters roll i lärandeprocesser. Resultaten visar att digitala verktyg som AppWriter, Google Classroom och talsyntes underlättar inkluderande och individanpassad undervisning. Lärarna framhöll fördelarna med omedelbar feedback och stöd för elever med särskilda behov, men uttryckte även oro för att ett beroende av funktioner som rättstavningssystem kan hämma språklig utveckling. Studien bidrar till svenskämnets didaktik genom att belysa vikten av balans mellan digitala och traditionella metoder för att främja djupare språklig förståelse och kritiskt tänkande. Slutsatsen är att digitala verktyg erbjuder betydande möjligheter men kräver medveten planering för att hantera både fördelar och begränsningar på ett effektivt sätt
Racialized migrant women's discrimination in maternal care : a scoping review
No full textBACKGROUND: Despite equality and quality being the core of good healthcare, racial and ethnic inequalities continue to persist. Racialized groups, including racialized migrant women, experience various forms of discrimination-particularly during maternal care encounters, where intersectional forms of discrimination may occur. Experiences of discrimination in maternal care have been associated with poor health-seeking behavior and adverse maternal health outcomes. However, research on racialized migrant women's discrimination in maternal care is limited. This scoping review aims to give an overview of the state of current research on the discriminatory experiences of racialized migrant women when utilizing maternal healthcare and its gaps to ensure equity in global maternal healthcare. METHODOLOGY: This scoping review mapped out all available English-language scientific empirical literature published between 2012 and 2023. All authors agreed on the inclusion criteria. Collecting, charting, and reviewing the included material were done using the 2018 Preferred Reporting Items for reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. The search strategy included electronic databases, such as Pubmed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PsycInfo. RESULTS: A total of 57 articles were included and analyzed. The majority were qualitative and conducted in European and North American countries. None of the included article's aims originally intended to focus on discrimination. However, their findings exposed the many ways racialized migrant women experienced discrimination when using maternal healthcare services-from accessibility problems, non-utilization of interpreters, and untimely and delayed care to disrespect, abuse, and differential care. Racialized migrant women's discrimination resulted in a lack of agency and being excluded from decision-making. CONCLUSIONS: While the included articles allude to some issues related to discrimination in maternal healthcare experienced by racialized migrant women, this review delineated knowledge gaps warranting discussion. Few articles focus on and conceptualize discrimination from a racialized lens in maternal healthcare. A limited geographical scope in research and knowledge generation on discrimination and racialization exist in this field as does a lack of sufficient articles on discrimination and racism from healthcare personnel. Lastly, many of the existing studies lack an intersectional lens in exploring discrimination in maternal care against racialized migrant women
Assessing the Economic and Environmental Dimensions of Large-Scale Energy-Efficient Renovation Decisions in District-Heated Multifamily Buildings from Both the Building and Urban Energy System Perspectives
No full textThe European Union (EU) has introduced a range of policies to promote energy efficiency, including setting specific targets for energy-efficient renovations across the EU building stock. This study provides a comprehensive environmental and economic assessment of energy-efficient renovation scenarios in a large-scale multifamily building project that is district-heated, considering both the building and the broader urban energy system. A systematic framework was developed for this assessment and applied to a real case in Sweden, where emission factors from energy production are significantly lower than the EU average: 114 g CO2e/kWh for district heating and 37 g CO2e/kWh for electricity. The project involved the renovation of four similar district-heated multifamily buildings with comparable energy efficiency measures. The primary distinction between the measures lies in the type of HVAC system installed: (1) exhaust ventilation with air pressure control, (2) mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, (3) exhaust ventilation with an exhaust air heat pump, and (4) exhaust ventilation with an exhaust air heat pump combined with photovoltaic (PV) panels. The study's findings show that the building with an exhaust air heat pump which operates intermittently with PV panels achieves the best environmental performance from both perspectives. A key challenge identified for future research is balancing the reduced electricity production from Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants within the energy system
Överbrygga BIM och GIS : Omvandla IFC-data till GeoPackage för infrastrukturledningssystem
No full textTrafikverket has decided that IFC 4.3 will serve as the standard format for infrastructure data delivery. At the same time, many GIS platforms, including Triona’s Transport Network Engine (TNE), which is used for managing road and rail infrastructure, lack native support for parsing or interpreting IFC models. This reflects a broader challenge, where BIM formats like IFC require significant transformation to be usable in other GIS contexts due to their nested structures and semantic complexity. This thesis presents a standalone C# application that converts user chosen objects from IFC 4.3 into GeoPackage (GPKG), a format currently supported by both TNE and QGIS. The application is built with integration in mind and structured to be dynamic, modular, scalable, and easy to extend. From IfcElement objects, metadata is extracted, transformation matrices are calculated to resolve local-to-global coordinate chains and object geometry is simplified for cartographic representation. The result is serialized as either point or linestring geometries. Since the test files lacked georeferencing information, the system relies on user-specified EPSG codes, with corresponding Well Known Text (WKT) definitions fetched from a local JSON dictionary. The final implementation has been validated using real-world IFC files, validated visually in QGIS. Output accuracy, metadata preservation and ingestion into TNE Editor have all been confirmed in collaboration with Triona, the system provider. The result is intended as a flexible foundation, designed for further extension, both in terms of geometry support and semantic interpretation, aimed to give TNE Editor the functionality of handling IFC data.Trafikverket har beslutat att IFC 4.3 ska användas som standardformat för leverans av infrastrukturdata. Samtidigt saknar många GIS-plattformar, däribland Trionas Transport Network Engine (TNE), som används för att hantera väg- och järnvägsinfrastruktur, stöd för att tolka IFC-modeller direkt. Detta speglar ett mer generellt problem, där BIM-format som IFC kräver omfattande omvandling för att kunna användas i flera GIS-system på grund avsina inbäddade strukturer och semantiska komplexitet. Det här examensarbetet tar fram en fristående applikation i C# som omvandlar användarvalda objekt från IFC 4.3 till GeoPackage (GPKG), ett format som i dagsläget stöds av både TNE och QGIS. Applikationen är skriven med integration i åtanke och är strukturerad för att vara dynamisk, modulär, skalbar och enkel att bygga vidare på. Från IfcElement-object extraheras metadata, transformationsmatriser för lokala till globala koordinatsystem beräknas, objektens geometri förenklas för att passa kartografisk representation och resultatet serialiseras som punkt- eller linjegeometrier. Eftersom georeferens saknades i de testfiler som använts bygger lösningen på användardefinierade EPSG-koder, med tillhörande ”Well Known Text” (WKT)-beskrivningar hämtade från en lokal JSON-databas. Systemet har testats mot verkliga filer, validerats visuellt i QGIS och importerats i TNE Editor i samarbete med Triona. Det som levereras är tänkt att vara en flexibel grund, framtagen för att bygga vidare på, både vad gäller geometriskt stöd och semantisk tolkning, vars syfte är att ge TNE Editor möjligheten att hantera IFC-data
When Regulation Meets Reality : A Case Study on Procurement of AI and the Interaction Between Municipality and Supplier Under the EU AI Act
No full textThis study examines how municipalities and providers in Sweden handle AI procurement and accountability in relation to the EU AI Act. Through a case study based on qualitative interviews with a strategist in one of the largest municipalities and a representative from an AI provider, the study analyzes how the parties interpret the regulations and collaborate in practice. The results show that both actors are positive toward clear regulation, but that implementation is hampered by legal uncertainties, resource constraints, and varying levels of technical maturity. The study also shows that there is a need for joint guidelines, checklists, and collaboration to improve requirements specification, risk management, and governance of AI systems in the public sector. The study contributes insights into how accountability and governance models are practiced at an early stage of the EU AI Act’s application.Denna studie undersöker hur kommuner och leverantörer i Sverige hanterar AI-upphandling och ansvarsfördelning i relation till EU AI Act. Genom en fallstudie baserad på kvalitativa intervjuer med en strateg inom en av de största kommunerna och en representant från en AI-leverantör analyseras hur parterna tolkar regelverket och samarbetar i praktiken. Resultaten visar att båda aktörerna är positiva till tydlig reglering. Samtidigt försvåras implementeringen av juridiska oklarheter, resursbrist och varierande teknisk mognad. Studien visar även att det finns ett behov av gemensamma riktlinjer, checklistor och samverkan. Detta för att förbättra kravställning, riskhantering och styrning av AI-system i offentlig sektor. Studien bidrar med insikter om hur ansvarsfrågor och styrningsmodeller praktiseras i ett tidigt skede av EU AI Acts tillämpning
Elevers röster om engagerande SO-undervisning : En kvalitativ studie av lågstadieelevers uppfattningar om SO-undervisning samt hur den speglar skolans värdegrund i praktiken
No full textThis qualitative study explores how primary school students perceive engaging social studies (SO) lessons and how these perceptions reflect the school’s fundamental values in practice. Data were collected through classroom observations and semi-structured group interviews with students in grade three from two schools with differing socio-economic contexts. The results show that students are capable of reflecting on what makes lessons engaging, often emphasizing discussions, relevance to current issues, and opportunities to express opinions. The findings highlight that meaningful engagement arises when lessons connect to students’ experiences and when teachers foster an open and inclusive classroom climate. Moreover, students’ reflections reveal an understanding of democratic principles and respect as central to the school’s value foundation. The study concludes that integrating students’ voices into teaching can enhance motivation, participation, and the democratic dimension of education.SO</p
Frame by Frame : An analysis of shot scales and camera movements in two films by David Fincher and Jeff Cronenweth
No full textThis study will examine the stylistic use of camera work in two films directed by David Fincher and shot by Jeff Cronenweth. The films this study will focus on are Fight Club (1999) and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011). By also focusing on shot scale and camera movement, the analysis examines how these aspects affect and contribute to the narrative within the films. Using a quantitative method from Barry Salt’s (2006) systematic measurement of film style, the study categorizes all shots and camera movements in both films to provide statistical data on their stylistic patterns. Based on formalist film theory and previous studies on film style, the study aims to give a detailed analysis of the camera usage in the films. For further analysis the films will be compared to the average use of shot scales and camera movements in American films. The resulting comparisons show differences and similarities in Fincher and Cronenweth’s technical-aesthetic strategies. The statistics point to a pattern of Fincher and Cronenweth using shot scales and camera movements that are centralized around enhancing the dialogue and the characters emotions. Furthermore their style does not seem to have gone through any major changes during the years between Fight Club (1999) and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011)
Remodeling maternal health care : evaluating the impact of implementing the midwifery model of care on maternal and neonatal health outcomes in Ethiopia
No full textBACKGROUND: Midwifery models of Care (MiMoC) is not standardized in in low-resourced settings, limiting the ability to evaluate the feasibility and effective in improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes compared to a standard care model. METHODS AND TRIAL: This article describes and discusses rationale, study protocol, and randomisation process for a study that will randomly allocate 1,654 pregnant women to receive or not receive MiMoC in four selected health facilities in Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia. Women will be randomly assigned to either the MiMoC group (Group A) or the standard care model (Group B) using a computer-generated randomisation scheme. In the MiMoC arm (intervention group), women will receive care during pregnancy, labour and birth, and immediate postnatal care from a single midwife or backup midwifes. Conversely, the standard care arm will involve care from various staff members at different times. To evaluate the effect of continuity of midwifery care, the principal maternal health outcome of the study will be the proportion of women having a spontaneous vaginal birth. The primary neonatal health outcome will be the proportion of neonates born preterm. In February 2025, we began recruiting women for the main study. The intervention group will be compared with the control group using an intention-to-treat analysis. Ors and 95% CIs will be estimated. The study was approved by Debre Berhan University's Institutional Review Board and the Swedish National Ethical Review Authority
