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Shaping trust : Facilitating user participation in coordinated planning for individuals with comorbidity
No full textIn support planning and decision-making processes within social work and healthcare, user participation is emphasised as a core principle. However, the concept of user participation remains ambiguously defined, and a gap persists between the intentions outlined in the literature and policies on the one hand and practical implementation on the other. This dissertation focuses on adults with comorbidity of substance use problems and mental illness/ADD/ADHD or autism within the context of establishing a coordinated individual plan (CIP) – a process that involves collaboration among social service and healthcare staff and the user (i.e. the individual receiving support). The aim of this thesis is to explore how user participation is understood and can be facilitated in CIP. In the thesis, a predominantly qualitative approach supplemented by questionnaire data is used. In the first study, a grounded theory approach based on individual interviews with users is used to explore how adults with comorbidity perceive participation in social services. In the second study, data from future workshops and present-and-future stories workshops is analysed to explore staff perspectives on challenges and potential solutions related to user participation, shared decision-making and support coordination in CIP. Following the first two studies, an innovation designed to increase user participation through shared decision-making – namely, a revised CIP process with a new form for documentation – was introduced to staff via training sessions across three sites. In the third study, barriers to and facilitators of the implementation process of this innovation are explored using an approach inspired by explanatory mixed methods that combines staff questionnaires with individual and focus group interviews with staff. Finally, in the fourth study, individual interviews are conducted with users and staff to explore their experiences of the revised CIP process. This thesis contributes to an understanding of user participation as a relational process characterised by mutual trust, knowledge-sharing and working together over time. This understanding applies to the shaping of mutual trust not only between users and staff but also among staff members, as this thesis supports an understanding of the importance of staff relations in facilitating user participation in the CIP process. Knowledge sharing and working together over time are shown to be facilitated by the revised CIP process and new form for documentation. Despite these promising experiences with the revised CIP process, several barriers to the implementation are identified, including perceptions of the complexity of the innovation, time constraints and challenges in communication across organisational boundaries. This thesis stresses the importance of prioritising relational processes, with knowledge sharing being built on mutual trust between users and staff and among staff members, in order to unlock CIP’s full potential for coordinated support with user participation.
‘Happy Stories’ of Swedish Exceptionalism : Reproducing Whiteness in Teaching and Biology Textbooks in Sexuality Education
No full textSexuality education (SE) takes place in fields of tension where biology, legislation, norms, and values intersect. Drawing on Ahmed’s phenomenological account of whiteness, this article examines how Swedish whiteness is constructed and reproduced within SE. In Sweden, SE is formalised as an overarching, subject-integrated knowledge area where the biology subject plays a crucial role in its delivery. To include a wide spectrum of SE, where both planned and unplanned aspects of teaching are considered, as well as tensions in the content, we have analysed eight semi-structured teacher interviews and five biology textbooks. Our analysis shows how Swedish whiteness is reproduced as a form of institutionalised orientation constructed by norms, social values, people, subject knowledge, policies, and legislation, all intertwined in a complex web. This web places SE, teachers, and pupils in a racial landscape that constructs and reproduces specific forms of Swedish whiteness by assigning each a position in relation to familiarity. This familiarity provides a taken-for-granted starting point in SE, where ‘here’ is constructed as a place of progression, openness, and possibilities for happy future sexual lives, while other places come to stand out as hyper-visible examples of the less familiar, less happy, and ‘far away’. From this outpost, teachers and biology textbooks construct and reproduce Swedish whiteness through ‘happy stories’ of Swedish exceptionalism. Although these positive messages in SE may stem from good intentions, our findings show that a colourblind view of racial hierarchies in the rendering of ‘happy stories, about, for example, gay rights, free abortion, and equality also contributes to reproducing whiteness and reinforcing ideas about race and Swedish exceptionalism in SE
User participation in co-design - requirements for accessible online collaboration : an exploratory study
No full textThe aim of this study was to describe prerequisites for online collaboration for user participation in co-design of online digital services as perceived by people with impairments and to develop requirements for how online collaboration should be designed to be accessible for all participants. An exploratory study was conducted in parallel to activities in two co-design projects. Researchers, accessibility experts, designers and 31 members of disability organisations participated. All participants had lived experience of impairments. Data was co-analysed by all participants using a qualitative thematic analysis with an inductive approach. Sixty-three requirements for accessible online collaboration were identified pertaining to four themes: digital tools and accessibility; preparation of an online collaboration activity; performing and participating in an online collaboration activity; and documenting and evaluating an online collaboration activity. Conclusion: the co-design process can be strengthened by transition to online collaboration, owing to the possibility of having more frequent interaction, economising the participants' energy and the design process being more transparent. Using accessible online tools, careful planning, and meeting preparation, and establishing a trustful and convivial atmosphere during each activity, are the cornerstones for accessible online collaboration. People with impairment can participate in online collaboration if the activities meet accessibility requirements
The Price of Empathy: Nurses´ Experiences of Compassion Fatigue : A literature review
No full textBakgrund Kvaliteter som att visa empati och förståelse ingår i sjuksköterskans kärnkompetenser. Den personcentrerade vården som sjuksköterskor förväntas utföra finns beskriven i flertalet lagar. Empatitrötthet är ett tillstånd som påverkar utövandet av personcentrerad vård och utan empati är utövandet omöjligt. Syfte Syftet var att sammanställa sjuksköterskors upplevelser och hantering av empatitrötthet inom hälso- och sjukvården. Metod En strukturerad litteraturöversikt genomfördes, denna med inslag av den metodologi som används i systematiska översikter. Innehållet är baserat på 12 artiklar från databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Resultat Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskor upplever empatitrötthet som ofta uppkommer vid hög stress och exponering för patienters trauma och lidande. Sjuksköterskors empatitrötthet kunde leda till påverkan på mentalt och fysiskt mående, privatliv och relationen till arbetet. Sjuksköterskor använde sig av strategier för att lindra eller förhindra empatitrötthet. Slutsats Genom att lyfta begreppet empatitrötthet och dess förebyggande åtgärder samt påverkan på sjuksköterskans arbetsliv och privatliv, kan en stödjande och hälsosammare arbetsmiljö samt ett hälsosammare privatliv främjas.Background Qualities such as showing empathy and understanding are part of the core competencies of nurses. Person-centered care, which nurses are expected to provide, is described in various laws. Compassion fatigue is a condition that affects the practice of person-centered care, and without empathy, the practice becomes impossible. Aim The aim was to describe nurses' experiences and management of compassion fatigue in healthcare. Method A structured literature review was conducted, incorporating elements of the methodology used in systematic reviews. The content is based on 12 articles retrieved from the CINAHL and PubMed databases. Results The results showed that nurses experience empathy fatigue, which often arises from high stress and exposure to patients' trauma and suffering. Nurses'compassion fatigue could make an impact on mental and physical well-being, private life, and their relationship with work. Nurses employed strategies to alleviate or prevent compassion fatigue. Conclusions By addressing the concept of compassion fatigue and its preventive measures, as well as its impact on nurses´ work life and private life, a supportive and healthier work environment as well as a healthier private life can be promoted
Prehospital Encounters - Nurses´ Experiences : A Literature Review
No full textBakgrund Prehospital akutsjukvård är den vård och behandling som sker utanför sjukhus vid exempelvis olyckor eller akuta sjukdomstillstånd. Sjuksköterskans arbete handlar om att bedöma, ge livräddande åtgärder, stabilisera och transportera till sjukhus. En god relation, erfarenhet och kollegialt stöd är viktiga aspekter vid bemötande. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att bemöta patienter inom prehospital akutsjukvård. Metod En strukturerad litteraturstudie med inslag av den metodik som tillämpas vid systematiska översikter. 16 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar användes i resultatet. Resultat Sjuksköterskans upplevelse av bemötande resulterade i två huvudkategorier och sju underkategorier: I patientmöten - att skapa förtroende, skiftande omvårdnadsbehov och kommunikation. Faktorer som påverkar bemötande -förväntningar, erfarenhetsbaserad kunskap, samverkan i team och utbildning. Slutsats Förtroende mellan sjuksköterska och patient avgörande för att skapa ett bra möte. Ett omsorgsfullt förhållningssätt och kommunikationsanpassning kan leda till patientdelaktighet och därmed ett bättre utfall i vårdkvaliteten. Erfarenhet,samverkan i team och utbildning är viktiga förutsättningar för att hantera de utmaningar som uppstår. Background Prehospital emergency care is the care and treatment that is conducted outside of hospital, for example accidents or acute medical conditions. The nurse's work involves assessing the condition, providing life-saving measures, stabilizing and transporting to the hospital. Creating a good relationship, experience and collegial support are important aspects for good treatment. Aim The aim was to describe nurses´ experiences of encounter patients in prehospital emergency care. Method A structured literature review with elements of the methodology used in systematic reviews. 16 qualitative scientific studies were used in the result. Results The nurse's experience of treatment resulted in two main categories and seven subcategories: In the patient encounter - creating trust, varying nursing needs and communication. Factors influencing the encounter - expectations, experiencebased knowledge, collaboration in teams and education. Conclusions Trust between the nurse and patient is crucial for creating a positive encounter. A caring approach and communication adaptation can lead to patient involvement, thereby improving the quality of care outcomes. Experience, teamwork and education are essential prerequisites for handling the challenges that arise
The Lived Experience of Participating in Online Peer-To-Peer Groups After Acquired Brain Injury : Phenomenological Study
No full textBACKGROUND: Stroke and other acquired brain injuries (ABIs) can present challenging experiences for individuals, both in recovery of functions affected by visible or invisible impairments and in learning to live with the new situation. Research has shown that sharing experiences face-to-face in peer groups can be beneficial during recovery. However, there is limited knowledge about the lived experiences of people with ABI who participate in online peer-to-peer groups. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to explore the lived experiences of participating in online peer-to-peer groups for people with ABI, where participants themselves set the agenda. METHODS: Members of 2 Facebook groups (FBGs) for people with ABI were invited to participate in this study, and 20 individuals were included (14 women and 6 men; age range 24-74 years). One FBG focused on stroke and the other on fatigue caused by ABI. One group was private, and the other group was public. Data were collected through semistructured interviews, in which participants were encouraged to describe their experiences of engaging in FBGs in detail. The interviews were conducted over telephone or Zoom and digitally recorded. The audio recordings were then transcribed verbatim, resulting in 224 pages of text, and analyzed using the empirical phenomenological psychological method. RESULTS: The analysis presented a common meaning structure with 1 main characteristic that is, "validating self," common for all 20 participants, and 3 subcharacteristics, that is, "learning-having one's own experiences confirmed," "adjusting self-building competence and self-compassion," and "supporting others-becoming a valued lived-experience expert/authority." Together, the subcharacteristics reflected a process of validating self from newcomer to lived-experience expert or authority. In this process, members of FBGs moved from being newcomers with pronounced needs for support and to learn and to have their experiences confirmed by others with similar experiences. Thus, participants were building competence and developing self-compassion. Gradually, they assumed the role of advisors, mentors, or coaches, acknowledging their experiences and competence as valuable to others, thereby validating themselves as compassionate lived-experience experts or authorities in supporting others. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in online peer-to-peer groups can offer unique opportunities for individuals with ABI to validate self through processes that involve learning, developing self-compassion and compassion for others, and offering support to others with similar experiences. Given that rehabilitation after an ABI is often of limited duration and that positive experiences can be achieved over time through involvement in digital peer-to-peer support, health care professionals should assist patients by providing information and directing them to digital networks for people with ABI. However, when recommending the use of online peer-to-peer support, impairments and insufficient digital competence that may complicate or prevent the use of social media should be assessed and support provided when relevant
Living up to the ideal worker norm : a critical case study about women with invisible disabilities working from home
No full textPurpose The study aims to critically explore, from an organisational perspective, the intersections between where work takes place, invisible disabilities, gender and the prevailing norms around work within a public organisation. Design/methodology/approach Ten participants between 34 and 60 years old, including employees with disabilities, managers with and without disabilities and human resource (HR) officers, shared their experiences of working from home in Sweden. The study used semi-structured interviews, photo-elicitation interviews, a written diary and policy analysis. A thematic analysis was performed. Findings The study shows that working from home was perceived as an important workplace accommodation and an individual strategy about conforming to the norm and living up to the concept of the ideal worker. The organisation did not actively work on disability-related issues. There was also a lack of competence and structure. Practical implications It is important to challenge the ideal worker norm and create organisational competence about the intersection of gender, disability and workplace location to create a sense of inclusion among employees. Originality/value The study highlights the complexity faced by women employees with invisible disabilities when deciding where to perform work (home or co-located office) and explores HR officers’ and managers’ experiences regarding working with the inclusion of employees with invisible disabilities
Teacher education for working in linguistically diverse classrooms : Nordic perspectives
No full textProgression and Embedding of German Grammar in Grades 7-9 : An Analysis Based on Two Different Educational Books in Swedish Secondary Schools
No full textDieser Examensarbeit liegt die Untersuchung der Grammatik in zwei verschiedenen deutschen Lehrbüchern, die gegenwärtig in der schwedischen Grundschule in den Klassen 7-9 eingesetzt werden, zugrunde. Die Untersuchung konzentriert sich dabei sowohl auf die grammatische Einbettung als auch auf die chronologische Abfolge, in der die verschiedenen Grammatikbereiche in den Lehrbüchern thematisiert werden. Diese beiden Schwerpunkte gilt es, im Rahmen dieser Arbeit komparativ und theorie gestützt zu analysieren. Hiermit ist sowohl der Vergleich der Lehrbücher untereinander als auch der Vergleich zu forschungsbasierten Theorien gemeint. Die Arbeit beabsichtigt eine holistische Perspektive, in dem einzelne Variablen nicht nur für sich betrachtet, sondern auch in einen größeren Kontext gesetzt werden.Da durch soll es gelingen, die Einflüsse auf die einzelnen Aspekte und Zusammenhänge besser zu beleuchten und ein umfassenderes Verständnis der gesamten Thematik zu erlangen. Dabei werden unter anderem kontrastive Lehrmethoden, die beim Grammatiklehren- und lernen von Bedeutung sind, betrachtet, um ein erweitertes Verständnis für den Grammatikunterricht zu entwickeln. Das Analyseergebnis zeigt, dass es deutlich mehr Unterschiede in der grammatischen Abfolge als in der Einbettung gibt.
The impact of digitalization on the role of accounting professionals – opportunities & challenges : A qualitative study on how digital development is reshaping the accounting role in individual companies
No full textThis study examines how digitalization affects the professional role of accountants within individual companies in Sweden. Using a qualitative method based on semi-structed interviews with ten accountants, the study analyses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats experienced due to the digitalization. The aim is to identify and analyze the opportunities and challenges experienced in connection to the digitalization, as well as to create an understanding of how the role of the accountant has changed and may continue to change. The results show that digitalization has led to a significant transformation of the accounting profession. Many traditionally manual tasks have largely been automated. This has led to increased efficiency and freed up time for more analytical and advisory tasks. The study also shows that digital tools and cloud-based solutions enabled remote work, increasing flexibility in working life, which may contribute to an improved work environment for many. At the same time, several challenges have been identified. Many participants expressed concerns that increased automation may result in errors going undetected as control is handed over to the systems. Increased stress related to the constant need to stay updated on new technology and the expectation of constantly being connected to work, is also perceived as a weakness. There is also some concern about becoming dependent on functional systems and IT security. The empirical analysis was conducted using a SWOT-analysis and institutional theory. The SWOT-analysis shows that the effects of digitalization are situational, while digital competence can be a strength for those with the right skills, it can just as easily be a weakness or threat for others lacking the right support or training. Institutional theory is used to explain how norms, regulations and structures influence change and adaptation to digitalization. The conclusion is that the accountant’s role is undergoing a transformation –from an administrative function to a more advisory, analytical and strategic one. To succeed in the future labor market, solid accounting knowledge is not enough, digital competence and adaptability are also essential. This study thus makes an important contribution to understanding the impact of digitalization on the professional role and which skills will be crucial going forward. Is also provides guidance for educational institutions on how accounting education can be adapted to a more digital era.Denna studie undersöker hur digitaliseringen påverkar redovisningsekonomers yrkesroll inom enskilda företag i Sverige. Genom en kvalitativ metod baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio redovisningsekonomer, analyseras vilka styrkor, svagheter, möjligheter och hot som upplevs till följd av digitaliseringen. Syftet är att identifiera och analysera de möjligheter och utmaningar som upplevs i samband med digitaliseringen samt skapa en förståelse för hur rollen som redovisningsekonom har förändrats och fortsatt kan komma att förändras. Resultatet visar att digitaliseringen har inneburit en omfattande omställning för redovisningsyrket. Många av de traditionella manuella uppgifterna har i hög grad automatiserats. Detta har lett till en ökad effektivitet och frigjort tid för mer analytiska och rådgivande arbetsuppgifter. Det framkommer också att digitala verktyg och molnbaserade lösningar möjliggör distansarbete vilket ökar flexibiliteten i arbetslivet vilket kan bidra till en förbättrad arbetsmiljö för många. Samtidigt har utmaningar identifierats, där flertalet deltagare uttrycker en oro över att den ökade automatiseringen kan leda till att fel inte upptäcks då kontrollen lämnas över till systemen. Ökad stress kopplat till att ständigt behöva hålla sig uppdaterad med ny teknik och att alltid ha möjlighet att vara uppkopplad till sitt arbete, ses även som en svaghet. Det finns även en viss oro för att hamna i en beroendeställning till fungerande system och IT-säkerhet. Analysen av empirin genomfördes med hjälp av SWOT-analys och institutionell teori. SWOT-analysen visar att digitaliseringens effekter är situationsberoende, digital kompetens kan vara en styrka för vissa, men en svaghet eller ett hot för andra som saknar rätt stöd eller utbildning. Institutionell teori används för att förklara hur normer, lagar och strukturer påverkar förändringar och anpassningen till digitaliseringen. Slutsatsen är att redovisningsekonomens roll är under omvandling – från en administrativ funktion till en mer rådgivande, analytisk och strategisk roll. För att lyckas på framtidens arbetsmarknad krävs inte bara goda redovisningskunskaper utan även digital kompetens och en stor anpassningsförmåga. Studien ger därmed ett viktigt bidrag till förståelsen av digitaliseringens inverkan på yrkesrollen och vilka förmågor som kommer att vara avgörande framöver, samt ge underlag till utbildningsaktörer för hur redovisningsutbildningar kan anpassas till en mer digital tid