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Nurses' strategies, professional responsibilities and challenges in the care of adolescents with depression : a literature review
No full textBakgrund Vi vill belysa sjuksköterskans möjligheter, ansvar och utmaningar i arbetet med deprimerad ungdom. Sjuksköterskan är ofta den första person som ungdomarna möter som kan göra en första bedömning så att de kan komma vidare i vårdkedjan. De svårigheter sjuksköterskor möter har de lärt sig hantera med hjälp av olika strategier. Syfte Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att sammanställa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att stödja ungdomar med depression. Metod Examensarbetet har gjorts som en litteraturstudie och omfattar totalt 15 artiklar, tio kvalitativa, tre kvantitativa och två med mixad design. Resultat Resultatet av litteraturöversikten härrör från artiklar från olika länder. Resultatet har delats upp i tre huvudkategorier och elva underkategorier. Den första huvudkategorin, “Sjuksköterskors strategier” omfattar fyra underkategorier avseende några av de metoder som sjuksköterskor använder sig av. Den andra huvudkategorin: “Sjuksköterskors professionella ansvar” har tre underkategorier och behandlar hur sjuksköterskor hanterar sitt ansvar i arbetet med ungdomar med psykisk ohälsa. Slutligen kategorin: “Sjuksköterskors utmaningar med att stödja tonåringar” med fyra underkategorier som behandlar inspirerande uppgifter som sjuksköterskor utsätts för under sitt arbete med deprimerad ungdom. Slutsats Sjuksköterskor i de länder som undersökningen omfattar har olika erfarenheter och metoder för att arbeta med unga människor med psykisk ohälsa. De kan delvis ta stöd av digital teknik och alternativa behandlingsmetoder för att lyckas i sitt arbete samt utnyttja sina pedagogiska kunskaper och erfarenheter för att lära sina unga patienter bättre sömnvanor och kunskap om vad psykisk ohälsa är. Background We want to highlight the nurse's opportunities, responsibilities and challenges in working with depressed people youth. The nurse is often the first person the young people meet who can make an initial assessment so that they can move on in the care chain. They have learned to deal with the difficulties nurses face using different strategies. Aim The purpose of this literature review is to compile nurses' experiences of supporting young people with depression. Method The degree work has been done as a literature study, i.e. a compilation of research in a certain area to identify an existing state of knowledge. The work includes a total of 15 articles, 10 were qualitative, three were quantitative, “,” and two had mixed design. Results The result of the literature review derives from articles from different countries. The results have been divided into three main categories and eleven subcategories. The first main category, "Nurses' strategies", includes four subcategories about some of the methods that nurses use. The second main category: "Nurses' professional responsibilities", has three subcategories and deals with how nurses manage their responsibilities in working with young people with mental illness. Finally, the category: “Nurses' challenges in supporting teenagers” has four subcategories dealing with inspiring tasks that nurses are exposed to during their work with depressed youth. Conclusions Nurses in the countries covered by the literature review have different experiences and methods of working with young people with mental illness. They can be partially supported by digital technology and alternative treatment methods to succeed in their work and use their pedagogical knowledge and experience to teach their young patients better sleep habits and knowledge of what mental illness is.
Exploring civics in early 20th century Sweden : A study of final exam questions at four teacher training colleges between 1915 and 1937
No full textAbstract Highlights:–Modern society is reflected in exam questions at Swedish teacher training colleges from 1914 to 1937. Despite not being part of the curricula, civics appearin final exams at four Swedish teacher edu-cation institutions. Some topics evolved, from hygiene-related questions in the 1920s to racial biology in the 1930s. 182 out of 924 exam questions can be classified as civics-related in Sweden today. Purpose: This article’s purpose is to examine the manifestations of the evolving modern society and what we now identify as civicsor other contemporary social issues in the final examination questions from 1914 to 1937 at four teacher education institutions in Uppsala, Falun, Lund, and Landskrona. Design/methodology/approach: The method canbe described as a qualitative text analysis, pri-marily of examination questions. This analysis aims to gain insights into the examination questions' meaning andunderstand which concepts of knowledge, subject ideals, and contemporary inspira-tion emerge in the material. Findings: The results are that 182 exam questions from a pool of 924 questions could be interpreted as civics in Swedentoday. Most are questions about economics. Another finding is that citizenship educationquestions increaseand evolve over time. Until 1921, there were nurture-related ques-tions regarding physical education, technology, and organisation. In the 1920s, the focus of exam questions corresponding tocivicsshifted to themes of thriftiness, sobriety, and hygiene. In the 1930s, while thriftiness and hygiene continued, several questions related to racial biology also emerged during that decade. Practical implications: Our results indicate that topics that we consider to belongto civicstoday existed long before the subject of civicswas outlined in the curriculum plans
A discourse analysis of experts’ representations of eating disorders in “Ätstörningspodden”
No full textIn light of the fact that the National Board of Health and Welfare highlights social work's ignorance of eating disorders, this study delves into expert discourses on the subject, which play a crucial role in how eating disorders are talked about and viewed. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze expert discourses on eating disorders in the podcast Ätstörningspodden and the “truths” they produce about eating disorders, as well as to examine the role and positioning of social work within the field of eating disorder treatment. Bacchi's discourse-analytic WPR approach and Foucault's theory of power and knowledge were used to identify and analyse the discourses. The results and analysis shows that representations of eating disorders are primarily rooted in biomedical discourses, which has implications for social work. The national guidelines highlight ignorance of eating disorders, but this study points to a need to highlight social work's unique contribution, including the importance of preventive work.Mot bakgrund av att Socialstyrelsen lyfter det sociala arbetets okunskap om ätstörningar fördjupar sig denna studie i expertdiskurser i ämnet, som spelar en avgörande roll för hur det talas om och går att se på ätstörningar. Syftet med studien är att identifiera och analysera expertdiskurser i Ätstörningspodden och de ”sanningar” som de producerar om ätstörningar samt det sociala arbetets funktion och ställning inom ramen för arbete med ätstörningar. Bacchis diskursanalytiska WPR-angreppssätt samt Foucaults teori om makt och kunskap användes vid identifiering och analys av diskurserna. Resultaten och analysen visar att framställningar av ätstörningar främst är förankrade i biomedicinska diskurser, vilket har implikationer för det sociala arbetet. Socialstyrelsens riktlinjer lyfter okunskap om ätstörningar, men denna studie pekar på ett behov av att lyfta fram det sociala arbetes unika bidrag, däribland vikten av det förebyggande arbetet
Estimated sodium intake and premature ventricular complexes : data from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study
No full textBACKGROUND: Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) predict coronary heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and death, all of which are also related to sodium intake. We studied estimated sodium intake and PVC frequency in the randomly selected population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study cohort. METHODS: In our cross-sectional study, we included 5636 individuals with 24-hour ECG registration and fasting morning urine sampling. Sodium intake was estimated using the Kawasaki formula, and the association between sodium intake and PVC frequency was modelled using multivariable negative binomial regression, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, level of education, height, physical activity and smoking status, across prespecified strata of sodium intake: <2 g/day, 2-2.99 g/day, 3-3.99 g/day (reference category), 4-4.99 g/day and ≥5 g/day. RESULTS: The median age was 57.6 years, and 51.9% were female. The median daily PVC count was 8 (IQR 3-41); 5.9% had ≥500 PVCs/24 hours. The mean estimated sodium intake was 3.3 g/day. There was a U-shaped association between sodium intake and PVCs. Compared with the reference of 3-3.99 g/day (28% of participants), sodium intakes <2 g/day (15% of participants) and ≥5 g/day (10% of participants) were associated with 26% (95% CI 6% to 49%) and 52% (95% CI 26% to 84%, p<0.01) increases in PVC frequency, respectively, but intakes of 2-2.99 g/day and 4-4.99 g/day were not (5% (95% CI -8% to 20%) and 4% (95% CI -11% to 22%) increase, respectively). CONCLUSION: There was a U-shaped association between sodium intake and PVC frequency, with both low and high sodium intake associated with higher PVC frequency
Factors associated with experiencing informal caregiving as demanding and ability to work among working carers : a national survey from Sweden
No full textInformal carers in paid work are known as working carers (WKCs). This combination of care and work is particular to them, and their support needs may differ from other informal carers. This exploratory study describes the caregiving-related factors associated with experiencing caregiving as demanding and a decreased ability to work in WKCs. The Swedish National Carer Survey was conducted in a stratified random sample (N = 30,009) of the population (>= 18 years) between October 2018 and January 2019. Of 11,168 respondents, 818 (7.32%) met the study criteria for WKCs, i.e. they provide informal care to another person on a regular basis, and they work full time. Almost half (49.3%) of WKCs report experiencing caregiving as demanding, while 40.4% indicated that their ability to work had been reduced due to providing informal care. Two ordinal logistic regression models were developed, one each for caregiving is demanding and ability to work is decreased. Psychological stress and financial problems caused by caregiving increased the odds of both experiencing caregiving as demanding and having one’s ability to work decrease, while finding caregiving satisfying decreased the odds of both. Further research is needed to establish how caregiving-related factors affect WKCs in both their care and working roles
Microstructural, mechanical, corrosion, and biological behavior of spark plasma sintered commercially pure zinc for biomedical applications
No full textThis study investigates the microstructural, mechanical, corrosion, and biological behaviors of spark plasma sintered (SPS) zinc (Zn) samples for biomedical applications. The findings reveal that SPS significantly refines the grain structure of pure Zn compared to the conventional casting method. The SPS process, conducted at a lower sintering temperature of 300 degrees C and a high uniaxial pressure of 50 MPa, produces fine and uniform equiaxed grains with an average size of 19 mu m. The resulting Zn samples exhibit a calculated density of 7.1 g cc-1 due to complete densification. The sintering process disrupts the initial texture strength, and the uniform grain orientation achieved during SPS contributes to an isotropic microstructure, enhancing the mechanical properties. The compressive yield strength and ultimate strength of the SPS samples are 115 +/- 4 MPa and 191 +/- 6 MPa, respectively. The long-term biodegradation behavior of SPS Zn in simulated body fluid indicates controlled and gradual corrosion, supporting its potential for biodegradable implant applications, while potentiodynamic polarization analysis further confirms similar corrosion rates compared to cast Zn due to the formation of a stable corrosion product film. In vitro studies with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells show healthy proliferation in culture media containing the degradation products of SPS Zn. Due to its unique microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties, along with its biocompatibility, SPS-processed Zn is a promising candidate for tissue engineering applications
Study guidance in mother tongue : Legitimate knowledge and the emergence of a profession in Swedish schools
No full textIn this chapter we problematise the role and the training for assistants in Study Guidance in the Mother Tongue (SGMT) in Swedish schools, through the case of one SGMT assistant. The chapter addresses questions of competence and legitimacy on different scales using the framework of nexus analysis, basing its analysis on national policy documents, syllabi from university courses for SGMT assistants, interviews with the assistant, teachers and principals and observations of classroom and school practices. The findings show that the specific competences mentioned in official documents become visible in the different roles the assistant performs, both in classroom practices and in negotiation with other school staff. However, lack of recognition of his competence leaves him frustrated in the school practice, and creates a position of in-betweenness for the assistant. The contrast between the knowledge the SGMT assistants gained through academic courses, and the attitudes of teachers and principals reveals the need to include knowledge about SGMT in teacher education, to create equitable education and understanding of SGMT across school contexts.Projektet är: Nyanlända i gymnasieskolan</p
Experiences of postpartum depression in fathers whose partners have just given birth : A literature review
No full textBakgrund Postpartumdepression (PPD) kan uppstå under det första året efter förlossning och drabbar både mammor och pappor. PPD hos pappor är dock mindre uppmärksammat. Stigmatisering och traditionella könsnormer gör det svårare för pappor att tala om sin psykiska hälsa och få adekvat stöd. Syfte Syftet var att undersöka upplevelser av postpartumdepression hos pappor vars partner nyligen fött barn. Metod Examensarbetet är en strukturerad litteraturstudie med inslag av systematisk metodik. Databaserna CINAHL och PubMed användes där 16 artiklar valdes utför analys. Likheter och skillnader i artiklarnas resultat identifierades och kategoriserades. Resultat Analysen resulterade i tre huvudkategorier: Påverkan på det psykiska måendet, Förändringar i livet samt Stöd och hjälp med sju tillhörande underkategorier. Slutsats Pappor med PPD känner ofta ensamhet, otillräcklighet och osäkerhet i sin nya roll. Trots viljan att vara delaktiga upplever de sig förbisedda inom vården, där fokus ligger på mamman och barnet. Traditionella könsnormer och stigma kring mäns psykiska ohälsa hindrar många från att söka hjälp. Samtal med vårdpersonal och andra pappor lyfts som viktigt stöd för att minska ensamhet och öka förståelsen.Background Postpartum depression (PPD) can occur during the first year after childbirth and affects both mothers and fathers. However, PPD in fathers receives less attention. Stigmatization and traditional gender norms make it more difficult for fathers to talk about their mental health and to receive adequate support. Aim The aim was to investigate experiences of postpartum depression in fathers whose partners have just given birth. Method This thesis is a structured literature review with elements of systematic methodology. The databases CINAHL and PubMed were used, from which 16 articles were selected for analysis. Similarities and differences in the results of the articles were identified and categorized. Results The analysis resulted in three main categories: Impact on mental well-being, Lifechanges and Support and help with seven associated subcategories. Conclusions Fathers with PPD often experience loneliness, in adequacy, and uncertainty in their new role. Despite a desire to be involved, they often feel overlooked in healthcare settings where the focus lies primarily on the mother and child. Traditional gender norms and the stigma surrounding men's mental health hinder many from seeking help. Conversation with healthcare professional and other fathers are highlighted as important support measures to reduce loneliness and increase understanding.