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Instruments for assessing social support in social networks and in the self-management and rehabilitation process of persons poststroke : a scoping review protocol
No full textINTRODUCTION: As care and rehabilitation poststroke are increasingly moving into persons' home environment, the importance of support from social networks in self-management and rehabilitation has emerged as an important topic for research and practice. While there are instruments used to assess social support and collective efficacy, a clearer scope of the availability and quality of these instruments is needed. This clarification will enable the development of interventions integrating social network perspectives in poststroke rehabilitation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: To assess the availability and quality of instruments assessing social support and collective efficacy, a scoping review will be conducted and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines (PRISMA-ScR). Literature searches conducted between 14 November 2024 and 15 November 2024 in the CINAHL and PubMed/Medline databases resulted in 4631 articles potentially eligible. After removing duplicates, 4121 articles' titles and abstracts were initially screened. Full-text screening, searches of reference lists and data extraction started in June 2025. Starting August 2025, two reviewers will assess the full texts against the inclusion criteria in Covidence using a coding template. Identified instruments will be appraised following the COSMIN (Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments guidelines) and analysed using a narrative descriptive method. Results will be reported in February 2026 according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required for this scoping review, as it does not involve primary data. However, this review follows established ethical guidelines and best practices, and included studies will be reviewed to ensure that they received ethical approval and included informed consent. Results from the review will be disseminated through an article in a scientific journal, at relevant conferences and surmised to stroke organisations. A policy brief will be developed for health and social care professionals and policy makers
Variations in cow behaviour after regrouping in a conventional Swedish dairy herd
No full textA common management practice of commercial dairy farms is grouping cows according to their nutritional needs. Having different lactation groups also implies the regrouping of animals during their lactation period. Real-time locating systems based on ultra-wideband devices provide information about the cow's position inside barns. This information can be used to infer time budgets and animal locations on a continuous basis. The present study aimed to evaluate the behavioural changes that could be induced in dairy cows when regrouping between lactation groups by using location data obtained from real-time locating systems technology. This study is based on observational data from a commercial dairy farm, where 12 regrouping events, each involving between 3 and 15 cows, were recorded without any experimental intervention. The analyses included six months of data from two lactation groups with around 100 cows in each group. The effects of regrouping on time budgets and home range were analysed by comparing changes in regrouped cows before and after the process, and by comparing regrouped cows with their matched controls. The results showed that regrouping had a slight impact on the feeding and resting times of dairy cows. In contrast, parity was associated with opposing effects on feeding and resting times. Furthermore, regrouped cows tended to cover a larger area of the barn. The extent to which regrouped cows increased their use of barn space was also affected by the number of cows regrouped simultaneously. Our analysis of location data from a commercial dairy herd provides new insights into the impact of regrouping events on cow behaviour and welfare in commercial settings
Behavioural predictability in chickens in response to anxiogenic stimuli is influenced by maternal corticosterone levels during egg formation
No full textAcross species, prenatal maternal stress has been shown to create heterogeneity in behavioural phenotypes. Research has recently highlighted that individuals vary in how predictable they are in their behavioural responses. This within-individual variation in behaviour is likely to be of biological importance, since individuals interact with the world not only through their mean behavioural phenotype, but also through their full range of behavioural variation. Yet, the underlying mechanisms that create and constrain between-individual variation in behavioural predictability remain largely unexplored. Here, we estimate whether experimental elevation of maternal corticosterone during egg laying (to model prenatal maternal stress) can cause variation in behavioural predictability in a population of chickens. Offspring's behavioural predictability was quantified by testing them repeatedly (16 times) in a standard anxiety test (open-field test). Elevated maternal corticosterone resulted in less anxious and more predictable offspring compared to control offspring. These findings provide the first evidence that maternal corticosterone levels, via prenatal pathways, may influence multi-hierarchical behavioural plasticity by affecting both the magnitude and the predictability of behavioural responses. These results not only expand our current knowledge about the ways maternal stress can affect offspring's behavioural phenotypes but also suggest a possible proximate mechanism underlying within-population variation in individual behavioural predictability
Lokala partsrelationer och funktionell flexibilitet : en fallstudie inom hotellbranschen under covid-19-pandemin, våren 2020
No full textCovid-19-pandemin 2020 ledde till en drastisk nedgång i beläggningsgraden och omfattande personalinskränkningar inom hotell- och restaurangbranschen. Företag omorganiserades och den funktionella flexibiliteten ökade – anställda förväntades vara mångsidiga generalister, inte specialister. Denna artikel studerar hur detta gick till i en av Sveriges större hotellkedjor. Utifrån ett kvalitativt empiriskt material och en diskussion om partsrelationer, förhandlingar och maktresursteori analyseras förändringen med hjälp av begreppen krisdriven maktreaktion och opportunistisk maktstrategi. Den krisdrivna maktreaktionen växte fram ur ett starkt förändringstryck och stor osäkerhet i hanteringen av den plötsliga och djupa nedgången i efterfrågan på hotellrum. Reaktionen, som utvecklades parallellt med ett kraftigt försvagat fack, öppnade upp för den opportunistiska maktstrategin. Denna realiserades vid genomförandet av en sedan tidigare planerad förstärkning av den funktionella flexibiliteten.The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to a drastic drop in occupancy rates and extensive staff cuts in the hotel and restaurant industry. Companies were reorganised and the functional flexibility increased – employees were expected to be multi-skilled generalists, not specialists. This article examines how this happened in one of Sweden’s major hotel chains, focusing on local workplace labour relations. Based on qualitative empirical material and a discussion of labour relations, negotiations and power resource theory, the change is analysed using the concepts of crisis-driven power reaction and opportunistic power strategy. The crisis-driven power reaction emerged from a strong pressure for change and high uncertainty in dealing with the sudden and sharp decline in demand for hotel rooms. The crisis-driven reaction, which developed in parallel with a significantly weakened union, opened the way for the opportunistic power strategy. This was expressed in the implementation of a previously planned strengthening of the functional flexibility.
Teaching and Learning of Time in Early Mathematics Education : A Systematic Literature Review
No full textThis systematic literature review investigates how the concept of time is taught and learned in early mathematics education. While young children are commonly expected to learn how to tell time, this review explores what additional aspects should be emphasised to foster a deeper and more sustainable understanding of time. Using the EBSCO database, 36 relevant articles published up to December 2024 were identified. To cover different aspects related to the teaching and learning of time, peer-reviewed scientific articles as well as practice-based reports were included in the search. A majority of the articles focused on clock reading as an aspect of time. The aspects duration, sequencing, and measurement of time also frequently appeared whereas expressions of time, or cross-disciplinary aspects were seldom mentioned. Drawing on the findings, this review proposes a comprehensive framework outlining key aspects that should be included in early mathematics education to support the teaching and learning of time
Impact of different carbon labels on consumer inference
No full textCarbon labelling of food products serves as a demand-side tool with the potential to drive the essential shift in consumption patterns toward reducing climate impact. For carbon labels to influence food choices, they must enable consumers to recognize and adopt purchasing behaviour that lower their climate footprint. While inference plays a critical role in facilitating behavioural change, evidence remains sparse regarding how specific characteristics of carbon labels affect consumers' ability to accurately identify low-carbon products. This study investigates how different carbon labels affect consumers' efficiency in identifying low-carbon-emitting food products. Three labels are evaluated: (i) ‘Digit’ specifies the amount of CO2e-emissions from the production of the product, (ii) ‘Colour-Coded’ label indicates the overall climate impact from A to E, (iii) ‘Logo’ identifies the lowest-emitting products within each product category. Respondents in a survey in the United Kingdom were asked to identify the lowest-emitting food product in a set of tasks. All labels improved accuracy in the tasks when products from the same food category were included. Importantly, in the tasks that included products from different categories, the Digit outperformed both the Colour-Coded and the Logo labels. Notably, the Logo did not improve accuracy compared to no-label tasks. It is important that a carbon label informs about the overall climate impact rather than the within-category performance, should the label help consumers identify changes that contribute to significant reductions in climate impact. © 2025 The Author
Attitudes of Spanish speakers in Sweden towards code switching
No full textCode switching is a linguistic phenomenon that is associated with bilingualism. This phenomenon occurs when a speaker uses two languages in the same speaking turn. The objective of this study is to investigate the attitudes, both positive and negative, that some Spanish speakers residing in Sweden have towards code-switching. Furthermore, we are interested in knowing if the attitudes differ by the gender of the informant, therefore, the chosen variable in the study is gender. The questionnaire used consisted of 11 items where they had to show their degree of agreement or disagreement with the statement posed to them. The result obtained is that the participants, in general, have a positive attitude towards codeswitching, although the women are somewhat more negative towards this linguistic phenomenon
Mer än bara ett svar : En empirisk studie av relationen mellan läsarter och frågeformat på nationella prov i ämnet svenska, årskurs 9
No full textI denna studie undersöks hur olika frågeformat stimulerar och bjuder in till olika läsarter i relation till de läsarter som läroplanen lägger upp för. Syftet är att undersöka hur flervalsfrågor och öppna frågor påverkar elevernas möjlighet att visa sin läsförståelse i de nationella proven i svenskämnet. Då de nationella proven i svenska för årskurs 9 under läsåret 2025/2026 kommer att digitaliseras och i så stor utsträckning som möjligt bli automaträttade är det betydelsefullt att undersöka hur de olika frågeformaten påverkar elevernas möjlighet till att visa olika typer av läsförståelse. I uppsatsen kommer elevsvar från ett lästest som genomförts i ett experiment att analyseras och undersökas. Analysen görs genom en teoretisk tematisk analys och utgår från Tengbergs (2011) läsarter: handlingsorienterad,betydelseorienterad, subjektsorienterad, intentionsorienterad, värderingsorienterad samt metakognitiv. Av resultatet framgår det att det är få av läsarterna som är representerade bland frågorna samt svarsalternativen. I de öppna frågorna tenderar eleverna att visa på fler läsarter än vad frågan i sig bjuder in till, medan eleverna begränsas till att inta olika läsarter genom svarsalternativen i flervalsfrågorna. Resultatet visar även att frågornas utformning i viss utsträckning styr vilken läsart eleverna väljer att inta i besvarandet av frågorna. Detta i sin tur leder till att det kan finnas anledning att ifrågasätta de nationella provens validitet och dess påverkan på elevernas slutbetyg
Corrigendum to "Midwife-led quality improvement : Increasing the use of evidence-based birth practices in Uganda" [Midwifery 139 (2024)104188].
No full textAnalysing Waste Management Narratives in Corporate Social Responsibility Reports
No full textSustainability reporting, particularly through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosures, plays a critical role in assessing corporate contributions to environmental and social goals. While much attention has been given to other environmental dimensions in CSR reports, waste management remains an underexplored yet significant area. This research addresses this gap by developing methodologies to analyze and classify waste management disclosures, distinguishing between substantive and symbolic CSR reporting. A key challenge in CSR reporting is the presence of boilerplate language and greenwashing, where companies present sustainability commitments without substantive action. This study differentiates symbolic CSR, which prioritizes corporate image over tangible sustainability efforts, from substantive CSR, which reflects genuine, measurable contributions to waste management. Using a pre-processed dataset of 9,500 CSR reports across multiple industries, the research employs natural language processing (NLP) techniques, including Stanford's Stanza NLP model, to automate the classification of CSR disclosures. The methodology involves sentence segmentation, dependency parsing, and keyword-based classification, ensuring a robust distinction between symbolic and substantive statements. Furthermore, this research examines how waste management disclosures vary across different industry sectors and evaluates their alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By integrating computational text analysis with manual validation, the study enhances the methodological rigor in assessing CSR transparency. The findings contribute to both theoretical and practical discussions on CSR reporting, offering insights for policymakers, investors, and sustainability advocates seeking to hold corporations accountable for their environmental commitments