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Genus i läromedel : En komparativ studie av läromedel i svenska
No full textDenna studie granskar tre läromedel för svenska mot gymnasieskolan, med syftet att ta reda på hur kön och genus framställs genom diskurser samt att jämföra dessa. Metoden följer en komparativ kvalitativ ansats och tillämpar en kritisk diskursanalys med ett genusperspektiv. Studiens frågeställning söker efter diskurser som på något sätt förhåller sig till kvinnor och män respektive manligt och kvinnligt. Resultatet visar att alla tre läromedel innehåller fyra diskurser som har namngetts till: den genusneutrala, den inflytelserike individen, mäns och kvinnors språkanvändning, det sjukdomsdrabbade könet samt de omhändertagande. Bara ett läromedel inkluderar även diskursen om den risktagande mannen. Studiens resultat uppmärksammar att diskurser har varierande syn på kön och genus, vilket ger upphov till en diskursiv spänning både inom diskurserna själva och diskurser emellan. I resultatdiskussionen tas resultatet upp och sätts i relation till styrdokument, teoretiskt ramverk samt tidigare forskning om läromedel och svenskämnesdidaktik. Diskussionen tar även upp förslag på hur studiens resultat kan användas när läromedel ska behandlas i klassrummet. Därefter följer en metoddiskussion som lyfter studiens potentiella styrkor och svagheter i metodval. Avslutningsvis presenteras förslag till vidare forskning inom området
”Det stora är att jag vet att du är jätteduktig, men du kan inte uttrycka dig på svenska” : En intervjustudie om maktstrukturer och identitetsarbete i möten med sfi-elever
No full textDenna studie syftar till att undersöka hur makt och identitet uttrycks i mötet mellan sfi-elever och sfi-lärare samt språkcoacher. Fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes och analyserades utifrån en kritisk diskursanalys. Ett makt- och identitetsperspektiv tillämpades i analysen. Resultatet visar att lärarna upplevde att de hade en naturlig maktposition, medan språkcoacherna inte gjorde det – trots att en analys av resultatet visade att språkcoacherna besatt viss makt. Lärarna förhöll sig relativt avslappnat till auktoritetsrollen, men klargjorde att de hade en ledande ställning gentemot eleverna. Alla informanter arbetade identitetsstärkande med eleverna, på olika vis.
Patterns of mental health problems and resilience among immigrant and refugee adolescents : a latent profile analysis
No full textBackground: Immigrant and refugee adolescents often face traumatic experiences and are vulnerable to mental health problems, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression. Yet, they also show remarkable resilience in the face of these stressors. Research is still scarce on how both mental health problems and resilience dynamically interplay in immigrant and refugee adolescents' development.Objective: We aimed to identify latent profiles of immigrant and refugee adolescents' wellbeing, consisting of externalizing and internalizing symptoms, PTSD (intrusion and avoidance), and resilience, and analyse the demographic and contextual determinants of these profiles.Method: We employed cross-sectional survey data from the RefugeesWellSchool project for 1607 immigrant and refugee adolescents (mean age 15.3 years, SD 2.15, 42.3% girls) from six European countries: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Latent profile analysis and three-step procedure with BCH weights were used to identify the wellbeing profiles and their determinants.Results: Results identified four adolescent wellbeing profiles: (1) Low symptoms (49.7%, n = 791); (2) High symptoms with intrusion (10.6%, n = 169); (3) Moderate symptoms (26.9%, n = 428); and (4) Resilient avoidant (12.8%, n = 203). Older participants, those with refugee background, shorter residence in the host country, more experiences of daily stressors or discrimination, or low family support were less likely to belong to the Low symptoms or Resilient avoidant groups (p ≤ .001).Conclusions: The profiles reflected distinct differentiation of intrusive and avoidance dimensions of the PTSD-symptoms. Intrusion clustered with high level of other mental health problems, whereas avoidance co-occurred with high resilience. Experiences related to immigration, stressors, and family support were crucial determinants of the wellbeing profile membership. Future interventions should utilize information obtained by person-centered studies to create better targeted and tailored support for immigrant and refugee adolescents
Consequences of witnessing violence in childhood : A Scoping review
No full textThis study explores the social, emotional, and health-related consequences of witnessing intimate partner violence during childhood, as well as the available support interventions for adults with such experiences. Children who witness violence are at an increased risk of mental health issues, behavioral problems, and trauma. Legal challenges may complicate the protection of these children. This study is based on a scoping review analyzing 13 scientific articles. The findings are presented through three main themes: growing up in a violent environment, long-term psychosocial consequences, and support interventions in adulthood. Systems theory and the concept of resilience serve as theoretical frameworks to understand the interactions between individuals and their environment. The study concludes that children who witness violence should be recognized as a particularly vulnerable group. Support interventions should focus on strengthening both individuals' internal coping mechanisms and external support structures through evidence-based methods.Examensarbetet "Konsekvenser av att ha bevittnat våld i barndomen – En Scoping Review" undersöker de sociala, emotionella och hälsomässiga konsekvenserna av att ha bevittnat våld i nära relationer under uppväxten samt vilka stödinsatser som finns för vuxna med sådana erfarenheter. Barn som bevittnar våld löper ökad risk för psykisk ohälsa, beteendeproblem och trauma, och juridiska utmaningar kan försvåra skyddet för dessa barn. Examensarbetet bygger på en scoping review med analyser av 13 vetenskapliga artiklar, där resultaten presenteras utifrån tre teman: uppväxt i en våldsutsatt miljö, långsiktiga psykosociala konsekvenser och stödinsatser i vuxen ålder. Systemteori och resiliensbegreppet används som teoretiska ramverk för att förstå sambanden mellan individ och omgivning. Slutsatsen betonar vikten av att se barn som bevittnar våld som en särskilt sårbar grupp samt att stödinsatser bör stärka både individens inre resurser och externa stödstrukturer genom evidensbaserade metoder
In the shadow of gangs : A qualitative study on what leads women into gangs and their roles within them
No full textThis qualitative study explores how women become involved in gang crime and their roles within gangs. Based on a thematic analysis of seven podcast episodes, the findings indicate that women’s entry into gangs can be explained by factors such as family circumstances and socioeconomic conditions. Moreover, women’s roles in gang crime are multifaceted, ranging from supportive functions, such as drug transportation and sales, to active participation in violent crimes and strategic planning. The analysis is conducted in relation to social disorganization theory, which highlights socioeconomic factors, and ecological systems theory, which examines the interplay between different systemic levels. Female involvement in gang crime is a complex phenomenon requiring further qualitative research into women’s subjective experiences and the application of an intersectional perspective. The findings may contribute to preventive social interventions and be relevant for social services, the correctional system, the judiciary, and the police.Denna kvalitativa studie syftar till att förstå hur kvinnor hamnar i gängkriminalitet samt deras roller inom gängmiljöer. Studien bygger på tematisk analys av sju utvalda podcastavsnitt. Resultaten tyder på att kvinnors inblandning i gäng formas av både strukturella och individuella faktorer, såsom sociala relationer, ekonomiska svårigheter och exponering för kriminella miljöer. Deras roller inom gängkriminalitet är mångfacetterade och innefattar allt från stödfunktioner, såsom transport och försäljning av narkotika, till aktiv delaktighet i våldsbrott och strategisk planering. Analysen har genomförts i relation till social disorganisationsteori, som belyser socioekonomiska faktorer, samt ekologisk systemteori, som analyserar hur olika system påverkar varandra. Studiens slutsats är att gängkriminalitet bland kvinnor är ett komplext fenomen som kräver ytterligare kvalitativ forskning där kvinnors subjektiva upplevelser framträder och ett intersektionellt perspektiv tillämpas. Resultaten kan bidra till utvecklingen av förebyggande sociala insatser och vara relevant för socialtjänsten, kriminalvården, rättsväsendet och polisen
The invisible disability-related abuse : A scoping review about intellectual disabilities and negative power dynamics in Sweden
No full textSyfte: Att kartlägga kontroll och maktutövning som en aspekt av funktionshinderrelaterat våld i relation till personer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning (IF) i en svensk kontext och analysera resultaten ur ett epistemiskt orättviseperspektiv. Metod: En kvalitativ abduktiv litteraturstudie genomfördes som en scoping review. En teoretisk tematisk analysmetod har använts. Resultat: Personer med IF utsätts för negativ maktutövning på flera nivåer, både aktivt och passivt, med primära och sekundära konsekvenser. Deras röster marginaliseras genom fördomsfulla stereotyper och överbeskyddande attityder. Denna maktutövning leder till att personer med IF berövas tillgång till kunskap och förnekas rollen som kunskapsbärare, vilket även begränsar individens möjligheter till personlig utveckling. Funktionshinderrelaterat våld mot personer med IF riktas mot intellektet, direkt eller indirekt, medvetet eller omedvetet, genom exploatering av personens nedsatta intellektuella förmåga. Aim: To investigate control and exercise of power as an aspect of disability-related abuse inrelation to individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) in a Swedish context, and to analyze how this phenomenon can be understood from the perspective of epistemic injustice. Method: A literature study with an abductive approach was conducted as a scoping review.Theoretical thematic analysis was used. Results: Individuals with ID face negative power dynamics at multiple levels, both active and passive, with primary and secondary effects. They are silenced by prejudiced stereotypes and overprotection. This deprives them of access to knowledge and from being recognised as holders of knowledge, which also hinder their personal development. Disability-related abuse targets their intellect, directly or indirectly, consciously or unconsciously, by exploiting or attacking their intellectual limitations.
Expecting the worst : pain catastrophizing and intolerance of uncertainty in women with fear of childbirth
No full textFear of childbirth (FOC) is associated with adverse outcomes, for the expecting woman as well as for her baby. In order to prevent and treat FOC, it is important to understand the psychological processes involved. Two potential key processes are intolerance of uncertainty and pain catastrophizing. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore intolerance of uncertainty and pain catastrophizing in pregnant individuals with severe vs. low/moderate FOC, and potential differences between nulliparas and multiparas. The sample of 332 individuals filled out a range of questionnaires, and were categorized as severe (n = 66) and low/moderate (n = 266) FOC. The results showed that participants with severe FOC (Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire, W-DEQ ≥85) reported higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty and pain catastrophizing than participants with low/moderate FOC. We did not find any significant differences between nulliparas and multiparas. Noteworthy, levels of pain catastrophizing in the severe FOC group were similar to those reported in chronic pain samples. Although we cannot draw any conclusions about causality or direction of proposed links, these findings warrant a need for identifying and developing treatment strategies to target intolerance of uncertainty and pain catastrophizing, in both nulliparas and multiparas with high levels of FOC
The BABITT questionnaire for evaluation of bowel and bladder function in children who are introduced to assisted infant toilet training - content validity and feasibility
No full textFunctional bowel and bladder disorders are prevalent among children. In 2019 our research group launched the BABITT study (Bowel and Bladder function in Infant Toilet Training), a randomized intervention study to investigate whether introduction to assisted infant toilet training reduces the prevalence of functional bowel and bladder disorders in children up to 4 years of age. Diagnostic criteria for gastrointestinal disorders are defined by the ROME Foundation, while the International Children’s Continence Society (ICCS) provides definitions of functional bladder disorders. Preceding the larger ongoing BABITT study, the aim of this present observational study is to construct, assess content validity and evaluate feasibility of a questionnaire for parent report. METHODS: A web-based questionnaire was developed in three consecutive steps. In Step 1, the questionnaire was outlined based on literature review and expert panel discussions. In Step 2, the questionnaire was validated for relevance and simplicity by content validity index (CVI) using 4-point Likert scales. With dichotomized data, an index level ≥ 0.78 was considered as acceptable. In Step 3, the respondent burden was analysed and a pilot phase allowed for evaluation of feasibility in the clinical study setting. RESULTS: In Step 1, the Rome IV criteria and ICCS frameworks were selected for items comprising the primary outcomes in the BABITT study. After the final assessment round in Step 2, the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) was excellent, ranging from 0.88 to 1.00 in most items, in all domains, for both relevance and simplicity. In the pilot phase Step 3, the response rate was 95% and the parents' acceptance of replying to the questionnaire was satisfactory. CONCLUSION: A web-based questionnaire was developed to evaluate parent-reported bladder and bowel function in children who are introduced to assisted infant toilet training. The BABITT questionnaire emerged as valid and feasible in its context
Evaluating the effectiveness of an exercise program based on the Adapted Utilitarian Judo program by analyzing fall competence in older adults
No full textPopulation aging increases the risk of falls, particularly among postmenopausal women, which can negatively impact their quality of life. Research suggests that multifactorial exercise programmes can help reduce this risk. This study evaluates the effectiveness of an exercise program based on Adapted Utilitarian Judo (JUA) in enhancing older adults' ability to safely manage falls; in this study called "fall competence". Fall competence can be defined as having the knowledge how to fall safely, as well as possessing the motor skills and confidence (self-efficacy) to execute it effectively. A quasi-experimental design was used, 22 participants, all female, in the Experimental Group (EG = mean age 75.77 ± 7.12 years) and 23 participants in the Control Group (CG = mean age of 75.96 ± 5.09 years). Self-efficacy and competence in backward (BF) and lateral falls (LF) were assessed pre- and post-intervention using the Strömqvist Bååthe Test. Sessions progressed from basic postures to falls from greater heights, all conducted under the guidance of a specialised instructor. Significant improvements in fall competence were observed in the experimental group (EG) after the 12-session intervention. Notable changes were found in backward falls (χ2(1) = 24.9, p = 0.001, V = 0.71) and lateral falls (χ2(1) = 28.6, p = 0.001, V = 0.80), with a large effect size, indicating a significant impact of the intervention on improving fall competence. In conclusion, this research brings to the scientific literature further evidence that judo-inspired exercise programs such as the JUA programme can be an effective tool to improve the quality of life of the older adult by contributing to improving their competences that allow them to remain independent in society
Who Killed the Law? – An Analysis of the Syrian Drama Series "Aḥmar"
No full textLa série télévisée syrienne Aḥmar de 2016, réalisée par Jūd Sa‘īd et écrite par Yāmin Ḥajalī et ‘Alī Wajīh, est un drame policier intelligemment construit, imprégné de critique politique et sociale. Cet article utilise les études médiatiques et les théories du drame policier pour analyser l’intrigue et la narration de la série. Dans le premier épisode, le juge Khālid est brutalement assassiné, ce qui déclenche trois enquêtes distinctes sur sa mort. La première est menée par son ami d’enfance, qui travaille dans la police ; la deuxième par une journaliste de radio ; et la troisième par un vieil ami du juge, qui est enseignant. Bien que leurs chemins se croisent fréquemment, les trois enquêtes révèlent différentes versions de la vie de Khālid et, simultanément, des aspects de la société syrienne contemporaine. La série télévisée est présentée comme un drame policier et exhibe les traits traditionnels du genre, y compris de multiples suspects, des secrets cachés, des faits changeants, des méchants brutaux et des enquêteurs diligents. Les diverses stratégies narratives empruntées au genre facilitent la découverte des faits à plusieurs niveaux. La progression graduelle vers l’appréhension du meurtrier sert de dispositif pour exposer ce qui est dépeint comme un pays sans loi, où l’argent et les relations sont les seuls moyens d’avancer. Ainsi, la série télévisée peut être vue à la fois comme un drame policier et comme un commentaire politique sur des segments de la société syrienne en 2016.The 2016 Syrian TV series Aḥmar, directed by Jūd Sa‘īd and written by Yāmin Ḥajalī and ‘Alī Wajīh, is an intelligently constructed detective drama infused with political and social critique. This article employs media studies and theories of detective drama to analyse the plot and narrative of the series. In the first episode, the well-known judge Khālid is brutally murdered, prompting three separate investigations into his death. The first is conducted by his child-hood friend, who works in the police force; the second by a radio journalist; and the third by an old friend of the judge, who is a teacher. Although their paths frequently intersect, the three investigations reveal different versions of Khālid’s life and, concurrently, aspects of contemporary Syrian society. The TV series is presented as a detective drama and exhibits the traditional traits of the genre, including multiple suspects, hidden secrets, shifting facts, brutal villains, and diligent investigators. The diverse narrative strategies borrowed from the genre facilitate the uncovering of facts on multiple levels. The gradual progres-sion towards the apprehension of the killer serves as a device to expose what is depicted as a lawless country, where money and connections are the primary means of advancement. Thus, the TV series can be viewed both as a detective drama and as a political commentary on segments of Syrian society in 2016