Dalarna University College Electronic Archive
Not a member yet
13986 research outputs found
Sort by
Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av personcentrerad vård inom palliativ vård hos äldre : en litteraturöversikt
No full textBakgrund Palliativ vård hos äldre är vanligt förekommande då de är dem som veterligen är närmare döden. Ett personcentrerat arbetssätt är en bra förutsättning till att driva palliativ vård och ett stort ansvar ligger hos sjuksköterskan. Sjuksköterskan balanserar svåra känslomässiga situationer men även kunskapskrävande situationer som kan vara svåra att hantera på ettpersoncentrerat arbetssätt. Syfte Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av personcentrerad vård inom palliativ vård hos äldre Metod Detta är en strukturerad litteraturstudie med inslag av metodologi, där författarna noggrant och strukturerat samlat in, identifiera, utvärderat och sammanfattat den tillgängliga forskningen relaterat till syftet. 11 artiklar analyserades, varav 9 kvalitativa och 2 var kvantitativa, med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och genomläsning flertalet gånger som sedan sammanställdes till resultaten. Resultat Resultatet presenteras i huvudkategorierna: Upplevelser av personcentrerad vård, Kompetens och Organisatoriska faktorer, med underkategorier. Sjuksköterskor uppfattade personcentrerad vård som svårt att genomföra utan att bilda en uppfattning om hur patienten upplevde personcentrerad vård samt relationer till anhöriga. Resultatet belyste även kompetensbrist och hur viktig kommunikation är för att bedriva personcentrerad vård inom palliativ vård. Vårdmiljö, stress och riktlinjer, eller snarare bristen på riktlinjer gav den sista kategorin där hinder presenterades för att bedriva personcentrerad vård. Slutsats Medvetenhet kring patienten och hens autonomi samt kunskap kring palliativ vård ger en grund att kunna bedriva personcentrerad vård som sjuksköterska. Brister finns men går att överkomma med rätt förutsättningar.Background Palliative care for the elderly is common as they are those who are known to be closer to death. A person-centered way of working is a good prerequisite for palliative care and a great deal of the responsibility lies with the registered nurse. The nurse balances difficulte motional situations but also knowledge-demanding situations that can be difficult to handle in a person-centered way of. Aim To describe registered nurses' experiences of person-centered care in palliative care forthe elderly Method This is a structured literature study with elements of methodology, where the authors have carefully and structured collected, identified, evaluated and summarized the available research related to the purpose. 11 articles were analyzed, of which 9 were qualitative and 2 quantitative, with a qualitative content analysis and reading through several times, which were then compiled into the results. Results The results are presented in the main categories: Experiences of person-centered care, Competence and Organizational factors, with subcategories. Nurses perceived personcentered care as difficult to implement without forming an idea of how the patient experienced person-centered care and relationships with relatives. Competence gave insight into the lack of knowledge and how important communication is to conduct person-centered care in palliative care. Care environment, stress and guidelines, or rather the lack of guidelines provided the last category where obstacles were presented to conducting person-centered care. Conclusions Awareness of the patient and their autonomy as well as knowledge of palliative care provides a basis for being able to conduct person-centered care as a basic nurse. Shortcomings exist, but with the right conditions can be defeated
Nursing care of patients with obesity : a literature study
No full textBakgrund Obesitas är en komplex och kronisk sjukdom med flertalet följdsjukdomar. Sjukdomen omgärdas av okunskap och stigmatisering. För att som sjuksköterska kunna bedriva en personcentrerad omvårdnad är det av stor vikt att inneha kompetens och ett värdigt förhållningssätt gentemot patienter med obesitas. Syfte Att sammanställa sjuksköterskors upplevelse i samband med omvårdnad av patienter med obesitas i vården. Metod En strukturerad litteraturstudie med inslag av den metodologi som används vid systematiska översikter. Litteraturstudien baseras på sex kvantitativa artiklar och fyra kvalitativa artiklar från databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Granskning och analys gjordes utifrån Högskolan Dalarnas granskningsmallar och Fribergs analysmodell. Resultatet diskuteras i relation till personcentrerad omvårdnad som teoretisk referensram. Resultat Sjuksköterskors upplevelse i samband med omvårdnad av patienter med obesitas i vården redovisas i fyra huvudkategorier: förhållningssätt, kommunikationsbarriärer, omvårdnadsresurser och kompetens samt tretton underkategorier. Sjuksköterskor uttrycker att det finns fördomar och negativa värderingar, brist på resurser i form av hjälpmedel, en avsaknad av ett accepterat medicinskt språk samt generell kunskapsbrist gällande patienter med obesitas. Slutsats Vård av patienter med obesitas är komplext och har en inverkan på flertalet områden gällande omvårdnad, behandling, mobilisering samt vistelsetid. Sjuksköterskor uttrycker ett stort behov av utbildning och fortbildning. Background Obesity is a chronic and complex disease with numerous sequelae. The disease is surrounded by ignorance and stigma. In order for a nurse to provide person-centered care, it is of great importance to have competence and a dignified attitude towards patients with obesity. Aim To compile nurses' experience connected to nursing patients with obesity in healthcare. Method A structured literature study with elements of the methodology used in systematic reviews. The literature study is based on six quantitative articles and four qualitative articles from the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Review and analysis were done based on Dalarna University's review templates and Friberg's analysis model. The result is discussed in relation to person-centered nursing as a theoretical frame of reference. Results Nurses' experience connected to nursing patients with obesity in healthcare is reported in four main categories: attitudes, language barriers, nursing resources and competence and thirteen subcategories. Nurses express that there are prejudices and negative values, an absence of resources in the form of aids, an absence of an accepted medical language and a general lack of knowledge regarding patients with obesity. Conclusions Care of patients with obesity is complex and has an impact on several areas regarding care, treatment, mobilization and length of stay. Nurses express a great need for education and continuing education
Relatives' changed life situation and coping strategies when caring for a loved one with Alzheimer's disease : A qualitative literature study
No full textBakgrund Alzheimers sjukdom är en neurodegenerativ sjukdom som drabbar individen med smygande symtom och, medför stora kognitiva förändringar i individens liv och beteende och leder till förlust av alla kognitiva och motoriska funktioner. Detta innebär en stor påfrestning inte bara för den som lider av sjukdomen utan också anhöriga som vårdar dessa patienter. Sjuksköterskan har en ledande och hälsofrämjande roll för att hjälpa och stödja närstående med AD och deras anhöriga. Syfte Att beskriva anhörigas upplevelse av att vårda en närstående med Alzheimers sjukdom och deras copingstrategier. Metod En litteraturöversikt baserad på 13 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar genomfördes. Artiklarna hämtades från databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och PsycINFO och analyserades med stöd av Fribergs analysmodell. Resultat Resultaten tydliggör två huvudkategorier: En förändrad livssituation för familjen och familjens copingstrategier. Slutsats Livssituationen för familjevårdare förändras och livet behöver anpassas efter Alzheimersdiagnosen. Anhörigvårdare påverkas negativt hälsomässig, ekonomisk och psykiskt. Anhörigvårdare behöver ökat stödkunskap och vägledning från vården. Familjen använder sig av olika strategier för att klara situationen, såsom religion, tradition, olika aktiviteter.Background Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affects individuals with mild symptoms and leads to major cognitive changes in the individual's life and behavior and leads to the loss of all cognitive and motor functions. This means a great strain not only for the person suffering from the disease but also for relatives who care for these patients. The nurse has a leading and health-promoting role in helping and supporting loved ones with AD and their relatives. Aim The purpose of this literature review was to describe relatives' experience of caring for a relative with Alzheimer's disease at home and their ability to adapt Method A literature review based on 13 qualitative scientific articles was conducted. The articles were retrieved from the databases Cinahl, PubMed and PsycINFO and were analyzed with the support of Fribergs analysis model. Results The results clarify two main categories: A changed life situation for the family and the family's coping strategies. Conclusions The life situation for family carers is changing and life needs to be adapted to the Alzheimer’s diagnosis. Family caregivers are negatively affected health-wise, financially, and psychologically. Family caregivers need increased support, knowledge, and guidance from the health care system. The family uses different strategies to cope with the situation, such as religion, tradition, and different activities
Intimate partner violence : nurses experiences in meeting women that experienced intimate partner violence A literature review
No full textBakgrund Våld i nära relationer är ett globalt problem där den våldsutsatta har en nära relation till förövaren. Sjuksköterskan besitter en viktig roll i identifiering av våld i nära relationer och har en unik möjlighet att ställa frågor om våldsutsatthet. För att möjliggöra att fler får hjälp krävs utbildning och kunskap för sjuksköterskor, detta för att belysa subtila tecken på våld och hantera känsliga situationer. Syfte Att sammanställa sjuksköterskans upplevelser av att möta kvinnor utsatta för våld i nära relationer. Metod Litteraturöversikten är genomförd som en strukturerad litteraturstudie med inslag av den metodologi som används vid systematiska översikter. Litteraturöversikten är baserad på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar av kvalitativ design där fokus ligger på sjuksköterskans upplevelser av att möta kvinnor utsatta för våld i nära relationer i olika kontext. Artiklarna är hämtade från databaserna CINAHL samt PubMed och är publicerade mellan 2013– 2024. Dataanalysen är genomförd enligt delar av Graneheim och Lundmans metod för kvalitativ forskning. Resultat Resultatet presenteras från analysen genom fyra huvudkategorier med nio tillhörande underkategorier; Bemötande av våldsutsatta, Kunskap och erfarenheter, Starka känsloupplevelser samt Vårdens ansvar. Slutsats Resultatet visar hur det finns tydliga brister i hur fall av våld i nära relationer hanteras, både inom vården som helhet, och av sjuksköterskan som enskild individ. Faktorer sambristande kunskap och utbildning gör det till en utmaning att hantera fall av våld i nära relationer för sjuksköterskor. Background Violence in close relationships is a global problem where the victim has a close relationship with the perpetrator. The nurse possesses an important role in the identification of violence in close relationships and has a unique opportunity to ask questions about exposure to violence. To enable more people to get help, training and knowledge are needed for nurses, this is to highlight subtle signs of violence and handle sensitive situations. Aim To compile nurses' experiences of meeting women exposed to violence in close relationships. Method The literature review has been conducted as a structured literature review with elements of the methodology used in systematic reviews. The literature review is based on 12 scientific articles of qualitative design where the focus is on the nurse's experiences of meeting women exposed to violence in close relationships in different contexts. The articles are taken from the CINAHL and PubMed databases and were published between 2013–2024. The data analysis has been carried out according to parts of Graneheim and Lundman's method for qualitative research.' Results The results are presented from the analysis through four main categories with nine associated subcategories: Dealing with victims of violence, Knowledge and experiences, Strong emotional experiences and Healthcare responsibility. Conclusions The results show how there are clear shortcomings in how cases of domestic violence are handled, both within the healthcare system as a whole, and by the nurse as an individual. Factors as well as lack of knowledge and education make it a challenge to handle cases of domestic violence for nurses.
Evaluating a midwifery leadership programme : a process evaluation study
No full textBackground: Despite global support for midwifery leadership investment, there is a notable lack of scientific evaluations of leadership programmes worldwide for midwives. The Government of India's Midwifery Initiative launched the Midwifery Leadership Programme to enhance the leadership capacity of state-level midwifery leaders. Aim: To evaluate the Midwifery Leadership Programme in India using implementation science as a framework. Methods: A qualitative research design using the UK Medical Research Council guidance for process evaluation of a 12-week midwifery leadership programme in India. Data were collected through focus group discussions (n=6) with midwives and medical doctors, who have responsibility in maternal and child health services, midwifery education, practice and regulation, and individual interviews (n=3) with programme directors and a government representative, resulting in an individual participant total of 22. Transcribed discussions were analysed guided by an evaluation framework, using content analysis. Results: The midwifery leadership programme was successfully implemented in terms of fidelity, dose, and reach, with continuous adaptations. Having the programme's design, structure, and content tailor-made for the Indian context was valued highly. Easy-to-follow assignments led to state-level action plans, while participants’ motivation and improved communication skills enhanced leadership capacity. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the utility of a process evaluation framework in evaluating midwifery education programmes, using the Midwifery Leadership Programme in India as an example. It is recommended that future research on evaluating midwifery education initiatives adopt implementation science frameworks to evaluate both the implementation process and the mechanisms driving programmes' impact for change, thereby informing the design and delivery of effective midwifery education programmes. © 2024 The Author
Analyzing and Modelling Historical Global and Regional Temperature Shifts Using Deep Learning Techniques and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis
No full textThe global rise in temperatures due to climate change has brought attention to the need for advanced forecasting models to understand historical trends and predict future climate patterns. This study investigates global and regional temperature variations using historical climate data, focusing on the impact of greenhouse gas emissions across major sectors. AnLSTM auto encoder model was employed alongside traditional machine learning models such as Linear Regression, Gradient Boosting, and Random Forest to forecast temperature changes. The LSTM autoencoder demonstrated superior performance in global data analysis, achievingan accuracy of 98.48% and an F1 score of 92.31%. However, regional performance varied, with traditional models outperforming in some cases, particularly in Africa and the Americas. Sectoral analysis revealed agriculture and power industries as the largest contributors to emissions globally, with regional variations in sectoral impacts which lead temperature rise.The findings highlight the importance of incorporating tailored modelling approaches and integrating socio-economic variables for better climate forecasting
The Official Localisation and Fan-translation Approach of Offensive Terms in The Great Ace Attorney
No full textThis thesis has carried out a comparative analysis between the fan-translation by Scarlet Study, and the English official translation, by Plus Alpha Translations, of the Japanese video game duology The Great Ace Attorney: Chronicles developed by CAPCOM. The player acts as a Japanese defence attorney in 19th century Victorian England where he experiences various forms of xenophobia. The objective of this research was to detect what differences between the fan-translation and the official localisation there are regarding any racist, discriminatory and deprecatory terms relating to someone’s ethnicity and if any manipulation can be found in the translations. From the source text, 25 speech lines containing any offensive terms towards someone’s ethnicity, uttered by three different characters with racist beliefs, were collected. Then the parts corresponding to these 25 lines were collected in fan-and official translations. The speech lines were compared, and the kind of translation approach was analysed. The results showed that both translations went through significant changes. However, the official translation had the most changes with many speech lines having different meanings, some even more offensive, compared to the source text. It is hard to conclude if any intentional manipulation was involved. It is, however, certain to say translation is the result of a translator’s interpretation of a text and therefore cannot escape some shifts or change whether it is intentional or not
Improving apgar scores and reducing perineal injuries through midwife-led quality improvements : an observational study in Uganda
No full textBACKGROUND: Globally, the quality of maternal and newborn care remains inadequate, as seen through indicators like perineal injuries and low Apgar scores. While midwifery practices have the potential to improve care quality and health outcomes, there is a lack of evidence on how midwife-led initiatives, particularly those aimed at improving the use of dynamic birth positions, intrapartum support, and perineal protection, affect these outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To explore how the use of dynamic birth positions, intrapartum support, and perineal protection impact the incidence of perineal injuries and the 5-min Apgar score within the context of a midwife-led quality improvement intervention. METHODS: A cohort of 630 women with uncomplicated full-term pregnancies was recruited from a hospital in Uganda. Observations and questionnaires assessed birth positions, intrapartum support, perineal protection, health outcomes and maternal characteristics. Primary outcomes included perineal injuries and the 5-min Apgar scores. The primary outcomes were analysed using descriptive data, with trends visualised through a run chart to assess changes during the midwife-led Quality Improvement intervention. Secondary outcomes included postpartum haemorrhage, admission to neonatal intensive care, newborn resuscitation, skin-to-skin care, and breastfeeding initiation. RESULT: A statistically significant association was found between women having intact perineum (i.e., no perineal injuries) and giving birth in a dynamic birth position [AOR; 0.6 (95% CI 0.4 - 0.90)], receiving intrapartum support [AOR; 0.9 (95% CI 0.9 - 1.0)], and using perineal protection measures [AOR; 0.3 (95% CI 0.2 - 0.5)]. Newborns with an Apgar score below seven at five minutes were significantly associated with intrapartum support [AOR; 0.8 (95% CI 0.7 - 1.0)] and perineal protection [AOR; 0.3 (95% CI 0.1 - 0.8)]. However, after adjustment, no significant association was found between Apgar score and birth positions [AOR; 0.5 (95% CI 0.2 - 1.5)]. Perineal injuries and low Apgar scores significantly decreased (p < 0.001) during the Midwife-led Quality Improvement intervention period. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that low 5-min Apgar scores and perineal injuries decreased during a midwife-led Quality Improvement intervention focusing on dynamic birth positions, intrapartum support, and perineal protection strategies. CLINICAL TRIAL: This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as of 14th February 2022, under registration number NCT05237375
Variation in chemistry teaching
No full textDenna studie undersöker hur kemilärare på högstadiet arbetar för att öka sina elevers motivation, engagemang och intresse inför kemiämnet. Studien strävar, utifrån ett pragmatiskt perspektiv, efter att kartlägga ett rimligt samband mellan variation av arbetsmetoder i kemiundervisning och elevernas motivation, lärande och deras intresse inför detta ämne. Den lägger även mer tonvikt på de laborativa momenten och på hur detta kan väcka intresse och nyfikenhet hos högstadieelever. Kvalitativ analys, i form av semistrukturerade intrvjuer valdes som forskningsmetod för den här undersökningen och intervjuerna genomfördes i en grundskola där fem kemilärare med olika lång erfarenhet inom olika stadier intervjuades och intervjuerna och dessa innehållanalyserades med en tematisk analys. Studiens resultat visar att samtliga kemilärare använder sig av varierade arbetsmetoder i sin kemiundervisning. Detta visar även ett tydligt mönster mellan variation av arbetsmetoderna och elevernas motivation och intresse inför ämnet kemi. Resultatet pekar även på att laboration spelar en kärnroll för att eleverna ges möjlighet att tänka självständigt och anknyta kemin till vardagen och vardagsnära situationer för att de inte upplever kemiämnet torrt och tråkigt
Midwifery care in The Gambia : A focus group study with clinical midwives, midwifery students, educators and leaders on how barriers and facilitators impact quality midwifery care
No full textOBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to explore the impact of barriers and facilitators on the quality of midwifery care in The Gambia, from the perspectives of clinical midwives, midwifery students, educators, and leaders. METHODS: A qualitative study based on focus group discussions with 29 clinical midwives, midwifery students, educators and leaders analysed with content analysis. The study was conducted in The Gambia. RESULTS: The analyses led to three main categories outlining barriers and facilitators for the quality of midwifery care: 1) the gap between theory and practice, 2) working in a harsh environment and 3) facilitating factors that can pave ways forward. The results are described in generic categories: 1a) national plans and facility-based guidelines, 1b) midwifery education, 1c) becoming a skilled midwife, 2a) scarcity of resources, 2b) encountering community barriers, 2c) midwives - a passionate but demotivated profession, 3a) positive assets for quality midwifery care, 3b) women in leadership as a tool for a motivated midwifery workforce and 3c) teamwork. CONCLUSIONS: Addressing the gaps between theory and practice, and strengthening the incentives for midwives to remain in their profession are central for improved quality of midwifery care in The Gambia. Guaranteed employment after completing education, equal opportunities for men and women to become midwives and the significance of passion are assets which need to be carefully maintained within the health care system