Jurnal Fakultas Farmasi Umi (Universitas Muslim Indonesia)
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POTENSI ANTIDIABETES EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KOPASANDA (Chromolaena odorata L.) DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-Vis
Full text linkDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by an increase in glucose levels in the blood. There are many treatment efforts to control and reduce blood glucose levels with natural ingredients. One of the treatment efforts that is expected to treat diabetes comes from plants, namely kopasanda leaves which have many benefits and contain several main compounds such as tannins, phenols, flavonoids, saponins and steroids. Secondary metabolite compounds such as phenols, flavonoid alkaloids and steroids have the potential to act as antidiabetics. The aim of this research was to determine the antidiabetic potential of ethanol extract of kopasanda leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) in vitro using the Nelson-Somogyi reagent with the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The test was carried out by making a series of concentrations of ethanol extract of kopasanda leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.), namely 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ppm using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer measured at a maximum wavelength of 749 nm. From the results of testing the antidiabetic potential of kopasanda leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) in vitro, it was found that the equation y = 1.5986x + 38.183 with a correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9775 and an EC50 value of 7.3920 µg/mL showed that the leaf sample Kopasanda has potential as an antidiabeti
Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Etanol Dan Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Karet Kebo (Ficus elastica) Dengan Menggunakan Metode Spektrofometri UV-Vis
Full text linkFicus is a species that is rich in polyphenolic compounds, such as flavonoids. These compounds are strong antioxidants that can aid in the prevention and treatment of various diseases caused by oxidative stress. They also protect cell structures, have anti-inflammatory properties, and can act as antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of rubber kebo (Ficus elastica) leaves using the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein denaturation method. The measurements were taken on a Uv-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 660 nm. The study consisted of four experimental groups: a negative control, a positive control of diclofenac sodium, and test groups of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction. The study revealed that the positive control (IC50) had an anti-inflammatory value of 9.2 μg/mL. Additionally, the ethanol extracts and ethyl acetate fractions of rubber kebo leaves (Ficus elastica) demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values of 31.24 μg/mL and 37.89 μg/mL, respectively. These findings suggest that the ethanol extracts and ethyl acetate fractions of rubber kebo leaves possess anti-inflammatory properties
The Extract Standardization Test and Physical Properties Evaluation of Uncaria gambier Roxb Extract Catechine Capsules
Full text linkSociety does not really know that the catechin extract contained in uncaria gambir roxb can be used as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. The catechins in gambier plant are very complex. They are composed of extracts of catechins (C), epicatechins (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigalocatechin (EGC), epigalocatechin gallate (EGCG), and galocatechin (GC). Thus, the use of this medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties needs to be developed as an alternative treatment. In addition, this species of plant has also important effectiveness and relatively smaller side effects. In an effort to increase efficiency and maximize the therapeutic effects of gambier as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, the authors need to develop an innovate pharmaceutical product from this plant. One of the selected pharmaceutical preparations is the capsule since it can conceal the taste and the unpleasant smell; besides, it is also easy to consume. The maceration method was carried out in the catechin extraction process. After obtaining pure catechin extracts, the authors tested catechin levels using the HPLC method and antioxidant levels using the DPPH method. Next, the authors performed extract standardization tests, and evaluated the physical properties of the capsule preparations. The test results showed catechin levels of 98.697% and IC50 antioxidant levels of 8.54 µg/dl. The results of the standardized extract and capsule evaluation tests indicated that they met the applicable requirements
Isolation Of Endophytic Fungi From Aloe Vera Against Bacteria That Cause Digestive Tract Infections By TLC-Bioautography And Agar Diffusion
Full text linkThe Aloe vera plant, also known as the Lidah buaya plant, has antibacterial properties due to its secondary metabolites, which include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. In this study, endophytic fungi from Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera) were isolated against bacteria that cause gastrointestinal tract infections using TLC-Bioautography and Agar Diffusion. In this study, 7 isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained, one of which was IFLB 1 which had potential as an antibacterial, purification of the endophytic fungi was carried out and then macroscopic examination was carried out on the fungi to see the colonies formed. After that, a screening test was carried out for isolates of endophytic fungi. Then the isolates that gave the best activity were reproduced and continued with the fermentation process for 14 days. The extraction results were then evaporated to obtain a thick extract and a Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Identification test was carried out in which the eluent used was chloroform: methanol (5:1). Then continued the TLC-Bioautographic Antibacterial Activity Test on Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypi, Shigella dysentriae and Vibrio cholerae bacteria and obtained 2 active spots with Rf1 = 0.78 and Rf2 = 0.30. While the results of testing the antibacterial activity using the Agar Diffusion method obtained the largest diameter of the inhibition zone at a concentration of 4% for Escherichia coli with an inhibition zone diameter of 15.80 mm, Salmonella thypi with an inhibition zone diameter of 14.90 mm, Shigella dysentriae with an inhibition zone diameter of 13 .85 mm and Vibrio cholerae with an inhibition zone diameter of 14.70 m
Production of Antibiotics from Endophyte Fungi Isolates of Bidara Plants (Ziziphus mauritina L.) Isolates Codes IFAZ-6, IFBZ-6, IFDZ-8 With Variations in Carbon Sources
Full text linkResearch has been carried out on antibiotic production from endophytic fungal isolates coded IFAZ-6, IFBZ-6, and IFDZ-8 from bidara plants (Ziziphus mauritina L.) with variations in carbon sources. This research aims to determine antibiotic production with variations in carbon sources. The first stage was the purification of each selected endophytic fungal isolate. The endophytic fungal isolate was inoculated into the fermentation medium using a variety of carbon sources, namely glucose, fructose, and galactose for 21 days. The antibiotic activity was carried out using the agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli bacteria. The results obtained showed that the glucose carbon source was better in producing antibiotic compounds than the galactose carbon source in endophytic fungal isolates coded IFAZ-6, the glucose carbon source was better in producing antibiotic compounds than the fructose and galactose sources in endophytic fungal isolates coded IFBZ-6, and the fructose carbon source is better at producing antibiotic compounds than the galactose source in endophytic fungal isolates coded IFDZ-8
Isolation and Identification Endophyte Fungi from Daun Nona Makan Sirih (Clerodendrum thomsoniae) as Antibacteril Against Bacteria Causing Skin Infection Using TLC-Bioautography
Full text linkNona makan sirih (Clerodendrum thomsoniae) contains secondary metabolites that have the potential as antibacterials. The TLC-Bioautography method will determine the antibacterial activity and chemical components of endophytic fungal isolates of nona makan sirih. This research involved the isolation of endophytic fungi from leaves of nona makan sirih using PDAC media, followed by purification and macroscopic and microscopic tests. In addition, a screening test its effect againts pathogenic bacteria. The chosen isolates were fermented for 21 days. Then supernatant and mycelia were seperated. The supernatant was extracted by dissolving ethyl acetate using the liquid-liquid ectraction method. Then extract obtained was processed by TLC with the mobile phase of chloroform:methanol (8:1) and TLC-Bioautography was carried out on bacterial tests and chemical components. The results of isolation and purification obtained as many as 13 isolates. Screening test results with IFDNMS codes 6, 8 and 11 showed activity against the test bacteria. TLC-Bioautography result isolate 6 obtained 5 spots with an Rf value of 0.89; 0.65; 0.45; 0.23; 0.05 was active against all test bacteria. Isolate 8 obtained 5 spots with an Rf value of 0.89; 0.65; 0.05 was active against all tested bacteria, while 0.45 was active against P.acnes, S.aureus, and S.epidermidis bacteria and 0.23 against S.aureus bacteria. Isolate 11 obtained 5 spots with an Rf value of 0.89; 0.61; 0.45; 0.23; 0.05 against all test bacteria. The findings indicate that flavonoids and phenolics are chemical components with antibacterial activity
GC-MS Analysis of Ginger Rhizome with Various Extraction Methods
Full text linkGinger (Zingiber officinale) is a rhizome plant well-known as a spice and medicinal material. Either one of the bioactive components is an essential oil, which is efficacious in preventing and treating various diseases. This research aims to determine the percentage yield of extracts and GC-MS analysis of the percentage of the chemical content of essential oils of ginger with various extraction methods. Firstly, compounds from ginger rhizomes were extracted using maceration, ultrasonic, and distillation techniques, and the extracts were analyzed using GC-MS Spectrophotometer. The highest percentage extract yield from ultrasonic extraction was 21.29%, then maceration extraction was 6.26%, and distillation extraction was 5.00%. The GC-MS results showed that the secondary metabolite compounds from maceration, ultrasonics, and distillation contained zingiberol, zingiberin, shogaol, borneol, linalool, citral, geraniol, and E-citral. The zingiberol group of compounds was obtained with the highest percentage from ultrasonic extraction at 1.07%, then maceration extraction at 1.03%, and distillation extraction at 0.27%
Pengaruh Variasi Metode Ekstraksi Jahe dan Serai terhadap Aktivitas Antiinflamasi pada Penghambatan Denaturasi Protein
Full text linkThe content of secondary metabolites or chemical content in medicinal plants affects pharmacological activity. The level of chemical content is affected by the extraction method. Previous research has been conducted on the extraction of ginger and lemongrass using two methods, which include maceration and ultrasonic. The results obtained are differences in chemical content that have the potential to have anti-inflammatory activity. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) contains chemical compounds, including gingerol, shogaol, and zingeron. linalool, alpha-pinene, and sineol. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) contains citronellal, citronellol, geraniol, flavonoids, and tannins. The aim of this study was to compare the invitro anti-inflammatory activity of ginger and lemongrass extracts using two extraction methods: maceration and ultrasonic. The research method consists of two stages, i.e. extraction of samples using maceration and ultrasonic methods. The second stage is testing the anti-inflammatory activity against BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) denaturation of extracts from maceration and ultrasonic methods with the parameter of percentage value to be more than 20%. The results obtained from ginger and lemongrass extracts showed the percentage value of inhibition at concentrations of 10 µg/mL, 12.5 µg/mL, 17.5 µg/mL, and 20 µg/mL are all more than 20%. The ultrasonic extraction of ginger showed a more linear inhibition percentage than the results of maceration. Macerated lemongrass extract showed a more linear percentage inhibition than ultrasonic results
Antibacterial Activity in Ethanol Extract of Kersen Flowers (Muntingia calabura L.) Against Bacteria Causing Gastrointestinal Tract Infections Using the Agar Diffusion Method
Full text linkThe increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the exploration of alternative treatments such as medicinal plants. This study evaluates the antibacterial potential of Kersen flowers (Muntingia calabura L.) against pathogens causing gastrointestinal infections. Aimed at determining the antibacterial effectiveness of ethanol extracts from Kersen flowers, the research tests the activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, and Shigella dysenteriae. Employing the agar diffusion method, various concentrations of the extract (0.05% to 10%) were analyzed. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were also assessed to identify the lowest effective concentrations. The ethanol extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity; notably, the largest inhibition zone measured 30.74 mm at a concentration of 10%. Effective MICs were as low as 0.1% for all tested bacteria, while MBCs ranged from 0.1% to 0.4%. These results suggest that ethanol extracts of Kersen flowers exhibit potent antibacterial properties against major gastrointestinal pathogens, supporting further exploration of these extracts as a natural antibacterial treatment and offering a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics