Jurnal Fakultas Farmasi Umi (Universitas Muslim Indonesia)
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Eugenol from Clove Leaves Originating from Ambon Island is Effective in Killing Aedes albopictus Larvae
Full text linkDemam berdarah dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue, dengan Aedes albopictus sebagai salah satu vektornya. Pengendalian vektor dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan larvasida; namun, penggunaan larvasida kimia yang tidak terkendali dapat menyebabkan resistensi. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan larvasida alami merupakan alternatif yang menjanjikan. Daun cengkeh ( Syzygium aromaticum ) mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti eugenol, yang telah menunjukkan aktivitas larvasida terhadap larva nyamuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas eugenol yang diekstrak dari daun cengkeh yang berasal dari Pulau Ambon terhadap mortalitas larva Ae. albopictus pada konsentrasi 200 µl, 300 µl, dan 400 µl. Metode bioassay digunakan untuk menilai aktivitas larvasida, dan analisis statistik dilakukan untuk menentukan perbedaan mortalitas di antara konsentrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mortalitas larva mencapai 100% pada 200 µl dalam waktu 7 jam, 100% pada 300 µl dalam waktu 6 jam, dan 100% pada 400 µl dalam waktu 4 jam. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan Kruskal Wallis menunjukkan nilai P 0,005. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi eugenol yang lebih tinggi menyebabkan mortalitas larva yang lebih cepat. Kesimpulannya, eugenol dari daun cengkeh berpotensi sebagai bahan aktif larvasida alami untuk pengendalian Ae. albopictus
PENETEPAN KADAR FLAVONOID EKSTRAK DAUN BIDARA (Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf) BERDASARKAN VARIASI UKURAN PARTIKEL MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV VIS
Full text linkThe bidara plant (Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf) has long been used as traditional medicine, with its roots, leaves, fruits, seeds, and stems utilized particularly the leaves, which are commonly boiled to treat fever, cough, and infections due to their flavonoid content that exhibits antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to compare the total flavonoid content of bidara leaf extracts at two different particle sizes, namely mesh 40/60 and mesh 80/100, and to evaluate the implications for extraction efficiency. The research was conducted using an experimental design, with extraction carried out by maceration in ethanol while controlling variables such as moisture content of the simplicia, drying method, solvent ratio, and extraction time and temperature. Particle sizes were converted into micron ranges: mesh 40/60 (250-420 µm) and mesh 80/100 (149-180 µm). Flavonoid identification was performed using the Shinoda test, with a positive reaction indicated by the formation of a red-orange color. Quantitative analysis was conducted using the AlCl₃ method with quercetin as the standard, measured at the maximum wavelength using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and a linear calibration curve (R² approaching 1). The results showed flavonoid levels of 25.69 mg QE/g for mesh 40/60 and 30.31 mg QE/g for mesh 80/100. Comparison between the two groups was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. The study concludes that smaller particle size (mesh 80/100) yields significantly higher total flavonoid content, indicating that particle size reduction can enhance the efficiency of flavonoid extraction from bidara leave
Detection of Salmonella Bacteria In Soybean Tempeh Produced In Palekko Village, Takalar Regency
Full text linkTempeh is a staple food in Indonesia, known for its nutritional benefits, including 25% protein, 5% fat, 4% carbohydrates, vitamin B12, and rich mineral content. Ensuring the safety and hygiene of tempeh is crucial, especially in preventing contamination by harmful bacteria like Salmonella, which poses serious health risks. This study aimed to detect the presence of Salmonella bacteria in tempeh produced in Palekko Village, Takalar Regency, using Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA) medium. The method employed was experimental, involving the preparation and dilution of tempeh samples followed by incubation on SSA medium. The results is a no samples detected Salmonella met the Salmonella contamination limit requirements, which were negative/25g
Antioxidant Activity of Bioproduced Endophytic Fusarium Sp. HSFP-3 from Sijangkang Plant (Hornstedtia scyphifera Var. fusiformis)
Full text linkEndophytic mold Fusarium sp. HSFP-3 is one of the endophytic molds isolated from Sijangkang plants (Hornstedtia scyphyfera var. fusiformis). The purpose of this study is to conduct bioproduction, and test the antioxidant activity of bioproduced extracts and identify active fractions that have antioxidant activity. The research method started from the cultivation of endophytic mold HSFP-3 on PDB media for 21 days, the bioproduction results were extracted using ethyl acetate and acetone solvents. Antioxidant activity of HSFP-3 extract was determined by IC50 and AAI values, using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. Isolation of antioxidant active fraction was carried out by column chromatography method using sephadex LH-20 stationary phase and silica. Isolation of antioxidant active compounds of HSFP-3 extract using bioautography guided assay approach with TLC-DPPH Bioautography method. The antioxidant test results of HSFP-3 extract has moderate activity with IC50 value 74,64 and AAI 0,844. Fraction 2.4 is an active fraction that has spot compounds with higher yellow color intensity compared to other fractions. Spot with Rf 0.35 in fraction 2.4 has a dark zone under UV 254 light. has a sea blue color under UV 366 light and a dark purple color after with Vanillin-Sulfate reagen
PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU APOTEKER TERKAIT PEREDARAN OBAT PALSU DI KABUPATEN PANGKEP
Full text linkThe high demand and need for medications among the public have opened opportunities for the distribution of counterfeit drugs. Indonesia is among the countries with a relatively high incidence of counterfeit drug discoveries. Pharmacists hold responsibility for the procurement of medicines, medical devices, and other pharmaceutical supplies needed to support the enhancement of healthcare services. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pharmacists regarding the circulation of counterfeit drugs in Pangkep Regency. The research method used is non-experimental with an analytical cross-sectional approach. The population in this study consisted of pharmacists registered with the Indonesian Pharmacists Association (IAI) in Pangkep Regency, totaling 90 individuals. A total of 73 pharmacists who met the inclusion criteria were selected as samples. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire via Google Forms, which covered demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to counterfeit drug circulation. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 42.47% of pharmacists had a “Good” level of knowledge regarding counterfeit drug circulation, 100% had a “Positive” attitude, and 89.04% had “Good” practices. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that pharmacists in Pangkep Regency possess good knowledge and practices and maintain a positive attitude regarding the circulation of counterfeit drug
EFEK ANTI INFLAMASI IN VITRO EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KARET KEBO (Ficus elastica) DENGAN METODE STABILISASI MEMBRAN Red Blood Cell (RBCs)
Full text linkThe rubber kebo plant (Ficus elastica) is traditionally known to have various benefits, including as an anti-inflammatory agent. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract of rubber kebo leaves using the red blood cell (RBCs) membrane stabilisation method in vitro. Kebo rubber leaves were extracted by a maceration method using 96% ethanol, and anti-inflammatory activity was tested by measuring the stability of RBCs membrane against hypotonic solution-induced haemolysis. The results showed that ethanol extract of rubber kebo leaves had anti-inflammatory activity with a percentage of membrane stabilisation of 31.156% at a concentration of 40 ppm and reached 51.998% at a concentration of 200 ppm. This activity is caused by the content of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and tannins that work by stabilising the red blood cell membrane. Compared to the positive control of diclofenate sodium, the extract showed competitive effectiveness, albeit lowe
The In-vivo Safety and Efficacy Test of Antiaging Serum Containing Gold Nanoparticle Synthesized Using Sida rhombifolia Extract
Full text linkAdvance glycation end products (AGEs) are the basic root cause of endogenous aging. AGEs causing fragmentations and crosslinked collagen which damaging the skin integrity and mechanical properties resulting in reduced skin elasticity. Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) has been synthetized using Sida rhombifolia (Sidaguri) extract. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of antiaging serum containing AuNP synthetized using Sidaguri extract. AuNP was produced by reducing HAuCl4 solution using Sidaguri extract. 10% of AuNP colloid was formulated into the serum. 19 woman applied patch containing serum and base placebo to perform irritation test followed by provocative test if there is any reddish reaction found. 16 women showed no signs of irritation and 3 women showed a reddish reaction, the provocative test showed no signs of irritation. Then efficacy test performed to 18 women by applying 1 drop of the serum at one side of the forearm and base placebo serum at the other side, after passing patch test. The antiaging serum had the ability to increase skin collagen (64.72 ± 27.11%) and skin elasticity (64.11 ± 11.67%) after 8 weeks of use, twice a day. There was a significant increase in skin collagen and elasticity index (P-value < 0.0001)
POTENSI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FUNGI ENDOFIT BATANG PARANG ROMANG (Boehmeria virgata (G. Forst.) Guill) TERHADAP BAKTERI PENYEBAB INFEKSI MULUT DENGAN METODE KLT-BIOAUTOGRAFI
Full text linkParang romang plant (Boehmeria virgata (G.Forst.) Guill) is known to have antibacterial activity. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungal isolates from parang romang stems against bacteria that cause oral infections using the TLC-Bioautography method. The research began with the isolation of endophytic fungi and antagonistic tests, then obtained 2 active isolates against the test bacteria, namely IFBPR-8 and IFBPR-9. Both isolates were then fermented for 14 days at room temperature using MYB (Maltose Yeast Broth) medium. The fermentation results were extracted using ethyl acetate to produce fermentate extract. The extract obtained was followed by TLC testing using cloroform:methanol (15:1) eluent. The TLC-Bioautography test of IFBPR-8 isolate obtained Rf values of 0,78 and 0,34, and IFBPR-9 isolate obtained Rf values of 0,78 and 0,29 which showed antibacterial activity against bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetencomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Streptococcus mutas. Phytochemical analysis of an endophytic fungal isolate from the stem of Parang Romang demonstrated the presence of alkaloids and saponins, compounds with potential antibacterial activity against skin-infection causing bacteri
Analgesic Effect of Ethanol Extract Myristica fragrans Houtt Using the Hot-Plate Method on Mice
Full text linkPain is a subjective and complex physiological response of the body to tissue damage. Leaves of Myristica fragrans Houtt contain active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and myristicin, which may affect analgesic properties. The aim of study aims to evaluate the analgesic effect and effective dose of leaf ethanol extract Myristica fragrans Houtt using the hot-plate method. A total of thirty mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely negative control (Na-CMC), positive control (paracetamol), and four treatment groups with extract doses of 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/kgBW. Pain responses were observed through jumping and paw licking behavior at 30-minute intervals over 120 minutes, with cut-off 5 minutes. Data were analyzed statistically using Kruskal-Wallis with a follow-up Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that all doses of ethanol extract Myristica fragrans Houtt were significantly different (p0.005). The analgesic effectiveness of ethanol extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW was the greatest at 55.36%. The research results concluded that ethanol extract of Myristica fragrans Houtt had an analgesic effect and the most effective dose is 500 mg/kg BW