National Institute of Development Administration
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Predicting COVID-19 related preventive behaviors using three psycho-social models in undergraduate student
No full textวิทยานิพนธ์ (ปร.ด. (การบริหารการพัฒนาสังคม))--สถาบันบัณฑิตพัฒนบริหารศาสตร์, 2564การวิจัยเรื่องนี้ เป็นการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณ ที่มีการศึกษาความสัมพันธ์เปรียบเทียบในสามทฤษฎีทางจิตสังคม เพื่อศึกษาว่ากลุ่มตัวทำนายจากทฤษฎีเกี่ยวกับความรู้-ทัศนคติ-พฤติกรรม (KAP) หรือกลุ่มตัวทำนายจากทฤษฎีพฤติกรรมตามแผน (Theory of Planned Behavior: TPB) หรือ ตัวทำนายจากกลุ่มจิตพลังจริยธรรม (Psycho Moral Strength: PMS) สามารถทำนายพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโควิด 19 ในครอบครัว ในมหาวิทยาลัย และในที่สาธารณะได้มากน้อยเพียงใด และมีปริมาณการทำนายที่เพิ่มขึ้นมากน้อยเพียงใด กลุ่มตัวอย่างในการวิจัย คือ นักศึกษาระดับปริญญาตรีชั้นปีที่ 3-4 จำนวน 672 คน ประกอบด้วย เพศชาย 133 คน (19.80 %) เพศหญิง 539 คน (80.20 %) อายุเฉลี่ย 21 ปี 3 เดือน ใช้วิธีการสุ่มตัวอย่างแบบหลายขั้นตอน (Multi-stage sampling) โดยทำการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลในกลุ่มรวมและในกลุ่มย่อย 19 กลุ่ม ซึ่งแบ่งตามลักษณะชีวสังคมภูมิหลังของกลุ่มตัวอย่าง
ตัวแปรในงานวิจัยนี้ประกอบด้วย 1) กลุ่มพฤติกรรม 3 ตัวแปร คือ พฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคในครอบครัวพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคในมหาวิทยาลัย และพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคในที่สาธารณะ 2) กลุ่มทฤษฎีเกี่ยวกับความรู้-ทัศนคติ-พฤติกรรม 3 ตัวแปร คือ ความรอบรู้ด้านสุขภาพ ความรู้เชิงประเมินค่า และ ความรู้สึกต่อพฤติกรรม 3) กลุ่มทฤษฎีพฤติกรรมตามแผน 3 ตัวแปร คือ ปทัสถานทางสังคม การรับรู้ความสามารถในการควบคุมตน ความตั้งใจที่จะกระทำพฤติกรรม 4) ทฤษฎีกลุ่มจิตพลังจริยธรรม คือ ความเชื่ออำนาจในตนด้านพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโควิด 19 ลักษณะมุ่งอนาคต-ควบคุมตนด้านพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโควิด 19 แรงจูงใจใฝ่สัมฤทธิ์ด้านพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโควิด 19 และจริยธรรมหลุดด้านพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโควิด 19 และ 5) กลุ่มตัวแปรชีวสังคมภูมิหลัง แบบวัดส่วนใหญ่เป็นแบบวัดชนิดมาตรประเมินรวมค่า มีค่าความเชื่อมั่นของแบบวัดอยู่ระหว่าง .71 ถึง .87
ผลการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลที่สำคัญมี 3 ประการ คือ ประการแรก กลุ่มทฤษฎีพฤติกรรมตามแผน สามารถทำนายพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรค (3 พฤติกรรม) ได้เพิ่มขึ้น จากกลุ่มทฤษฎีเกี่ยวกับความรู้-ทัศนคติ-พฤติกรรม อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ ซึ่งมีปริมาณการทำนายที่เพิ่มขึ้นระหว่าง 7.20% ถึง 15.00% โดยพบ 4 ตัวทำนายที่เรียงลำดับความสำคัญจากมากไปน้อย ได้แก่ 1) ความตั้งใจที่จะกระทำพฤติกรรม 2) ความรู้สึกต่อพฤติกรรม 3) การรับรู้ความสามารถในการควบคุมพฤติกรรม และ 4) ความรอบรู้ด้านสุขภาพ ประการที่สอง ทฤษฎีกลุ่มจิตพลังจริยธรรมสามารถทำนายพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรค (3 พฤติกรรม) ได้เพิ่มขึ้น จาก 2 กลุ่มตัวทำนาย คือ กลุ่มทฤษฎีเกี่ยวกับความรู้-ทัศนคติ-พฤติกรรม และตัวทำนายกลุ่มทฤษฎีพฤติกรรมตามแผน อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ ซึ่งมีปริมาณการทำนายที่เพิ่มขึ้นระหว่าง 7.00% ถึง 9.10% โดยพบ 6 ตัวทำนายที่เรียงลำดับความสำคัญจากมากไปน้อย ได้แก่ 1) ลักษณะมุ่งอนาคต-ควบคุมตนด้านพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคติดเชื้อไวรัส 19 2) แรงจูงใจใฝ่สัมฤทธิ์ด้านพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคติดเชื้อไวรัส 19 3) การรับรู้ความสามารถในการควบคุมตน 4) ความตั้งใจที่จะกระทำพฤติกรรม 5) ความรู้เชิงประเมินค่า และ 6) ความรอบรู้ด้านสุขภาพ และประการสุดท้าย ผลการทดสอบโมเดลความสัมพันธ์เชิงเส้นของกลุ่มพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโควิด 19 พบว่าได้รับอิทธิพลทางตรง จากตัวแปรแฝงทั้งหมด โดยเรียงลำดับตามค่าสัมประสิทธิ์อิทธิพล ดังนี้ 1) ตัวแปรแฝงจากทฤษฎีกลุ่มจิตพลังจริยธรรม (.433) 2) ตัวแปรแฝงจากทฤษฎีพฤติกรรมตามแผน (.346) และ 3) ตัวแปรแฝงจากทฤษฎีเกี่ยวกับความรู้-ทัศนคติ-พฤติกรรม (.276) โดยสามารถร่วมกันอธิบายความแปรปรวน (R2) ของตัวแปรแฝงพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโควิด 19 ได้ 57.90% โดยมีค่า α = 46.404, df = 33, p-value = 0.0608, RMSEA = 0.025, CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.995 และ SRMR = 0.028
ข้อเสนอแนะในการพัฒนา ประการแรก ในกลุ่มรวม ควรพัฒนาทางด้านจิตลักษณะดังนี้ 1) ความเชื่ออำนาจในตนด้านพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโควิด 19 2) แรงจูงใจใฝ่สัมฤทธิ์ด้านพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโควิด 19 3) ความตั้งใจที่จะกระทำพฤติกรรม และ4) การรับรู้ความสามารถในการควบคุมพฤติกรรม เพื่อเสริมสร้างพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโควิด 19 ทั้งในบริบทของครอบครัว มหาวิทยาลัย และในที่สาธารณะ ประการที่สอง ในกลุ่มเสี่ยงขั้นต้น ควรพัฒนา 1) กลุ่มนักศึกษาเพศชาย โดยพัฒนาความเชื่ออำนาจในตนด้านพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโควิด 19 และอาจพัฒนาปัจจัยเชิงเหตุในกลุ่มทฤษฎีพฤติกรรมตามแผนเพิ่มเติม 2) กลุ่มนักศึกษาที่มีค่าใช้จ่ายน้อย โดยพัฒนาความเชื่ออำนาจในตนด้านพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโควิด 19 แรงจูงใจใฝ่สัมฤทธิ์ด้านพฤติกรรมป้องกันโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโควิด 19 และความตั้งใจที่จะกระทำพฤติกรรม
ข้อเสนอแนะจากการวิจัย ควรใช้ตัวทำนายในกลุ่มจิตพลังจริยธรรม หรือกลุ่มทฤษฎีอื่นๆ ที่สนใจหรือเกี่ยวข้องกับงานวิจัย โดยควรเป็นจิตเฉพาะกิจ (State) ในการทำนายพฤติกรรม จึงจะสามารถพบผลที่ชัดเจนเพื่อประโยชน์ในการพัฒนาบุคลากรที่เป็นเป้าหมายของโครงการต่อไปThe aim of this correlational comparative study was to investigate three important psychological theories as knowledge – attitude - practice theory (KAP), theory of planned behavior (TPB), and psycho-moral strength theory (PMS), and to determine the predicting power of these three psycho-social models on the health preventive behavior concerning Covid-19 (HPB) in family, university, and public area. The samples were 672 undergraduate students from junior and senior levels, which consisted of 133 males (19.80%), 539 females (80.20%), with an average age of 21.20 years old. Multi-stage sampling was employed to select the sample. The data were analyzed in the total sample and the other 19 subgroups which were categorized by the biosocial background of the sample.
The variables were composed of 5 groups. The first group was the HPB which included three variables as the HPB in family, in university, and in the public. The second group of variables was from the KAP model, consisting of three variables as health literacy component (HL), cognitive evaluation component (CE), and affective component (AC). The third group of variables was from the TPB theory, consisting of the social norm (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and behavioral intention (BI). The fourth group of variables was from the PMS model, consisting of internal locus of control concerning Covid-19 prevention (ICC), future orientation and self-control concerning Covid-19 prevention (FOSEC), need for achievement concerning Covid-19 prevention (nAchC), and moral disengagement concerning Covid-19 prevention (MDC). The final group of variables was the biosocial background of the sample. Most of the questionnaires were in the form of a summated rating scale with a range of reliability between 0.71 to 0.87.
Results revealed that 1) the predictors from the TPB theory could significantly predict these three behaviors beyond the predictors from the KAP model with additional predictive power ranging between 7.20% to 15.00%. The common important predictors were BI, AC, PBC, HL. 2) the predictors from the PMS model could significantly predict these three behaviors beyond the predictors from the KAP model together with the TPB theory, with additional predictive power ranging between 7.00% to 9.10%. The common important predictors were FOSEC, nAchC, PBC, BI, CE, and HL. and 3) Path analysis result indicated model fit (chi-square = 46.404, df = 33, p-value = 0.0608, RMSEA = 0.025, CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.995, SRMR = 0.028). The HPB latent variable was directly affected by the PMS latent variable (path coefficient = .433), followed by the TPB latent variable (path coefficient = .346), and the KAP latent variable (path coefficient = .276) which could explain the variance (R2) of HPB at 57.90%
Finally, the research suggested that promoting the HPB in all groups at all levels should be focused on the development of the ICC, nAchC, BI, and PBC. To promote the HPB among undergraduate students such as primary high-risk groups should be focused on the male students (the main point was to enhance the ICC) and low-income students (the main point was to enhance ICC, nAchC, and BI). Furthermore, suggestions for the next study should consider using the PMS model, especially in terms of psychological state for better explaining and predicting the desirable behaviors
Adult's social engagement through digital game
No full textThesis (Ph.D. (Communication Arts and Innovation))--National Institute of Development Administration, 2021The study titled “Adult’s Social Engagement through Digital Game” utilized the mixed methods research methodology combining qualitative and quantitative methods which emphasized on the qualitative study. The research examined middle aged adults and over to answer the five research objectives: 1) to study adult’s game playing behaviors, 2) to study motivations driving adults in playing digital games, 3) to examine adult’s engagement with games, 4) to study adult’s engaging with other gamers through digital game, and 5) to study communication process in creating social engagement of adult gamers through digital games.
The study comprises of two phases. The qualitative study employed the in-depth interview method to collect data from 32 informants. In addition, a focus group interview of 4 participants was also conducted. The second phase is a quantitative study, wherein data was collected from 402 respondents.
The research findings regarding game playing behavior indicated that most of the middle-aged adults spent 1-2 hours a day playing games. Mobile or smart phone is the popular game device among. In terms of game types that adults prefer to play, it is found that adults like to play puzzle games the most. This is followed by role playing games (RPG), simulation, and strategy games accordingly. The findings regarding motivation indicate that the strongest motivation from player is entertainment motivation (x̄ equals to 3.17, SD equals to 0.673) while achievement is the most important motivation originated from game (x̄ equals to 3.17, SD equals to 0.949) The research also found that the process of social engagement creation comprises of 7 stages, which are motivation to play game, immersion of game engagement, communication via game activities, emotional sharing, creating group communication channel, doing collective activities outside game world, and construction of new social group beyond the game arena. As a result of the social engagement process it comes up with five different groups of adult game players who have their own types of social engagement: ‘Solo player’ with ‘Game engagement without social engagement’ type, ‘Pseudo solo player’ with ‘Limited social engagement’ type, ‘Local guild player’ with ‘Closed social engagement’ type, ‘Online guild player’ with ‘Virtual social engagement’ type, and ‘Social player’ with ‘Real social engagement’ type.
The research findings could be used for guidelines in the development of government policies to develop the potential for senior citizens. Game technology could be used to improve the physical, mental, and social health. In terms of the game business, the examination of game playing behavior and engagement of adults and gamers’ society would enable game and business development. This would help in the creation of games based on the true understanding of adult consumer behavior
The spatial construction, representation of the 21st century women, and Thai women's decoding via hollywood films
No full textThesis (Ph.D. (Communication Arts and Innovation))--National Institute of Development Administration, 2021This study has three main objectives: (1) To study the construction of the 21st-century women's space through Hollywood film narration, (2) analyze the representation of femininity in the 21st century appearing in Hollywood films, and (3) analyze Thai female viewers’ decoding of the meaning of femininity in the 21st century transmitted through Hollywood films. Content analysis was conducted on 12 Hollywood films screened during 2001-2017, namely Legally Blonde, Charlie’s Angels: Full Throttle, Million Dollar Baby, The Devil Wears Prada, Wanted, the Blind Side, the Twilight Saga: Eclipse, Zero Dark Thirty, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, Begin Again, Room, and Wonder Woman (2017).
The findings show that for the couple relationship, the studied films in the 21st-century construct women's personal spaces with negotiated power to be equal to men. A tendency of women who do not cook is also presented. Most women are found to have power over their bodies completely, except in "the Devil Wears Prada," in which the social value of slim women has power over women, leading them to lose their weight. Besides, most women perceive sexual relations as their happiness and pleasure and do not adhere to the value of celibacy.
Regarding the construction of women's social space, most films present women's power over men as a leader in society and their work. Moreover, the construction of new social spaces as women's alternatives is found increasingly. Importantly, women in the 21st century negotiate and seize more social spaces. Even in the patriarchal society, sub-cultures are created by women to oppose the great traditional culture of the society. Other interesting issues found commonly in many films are the gigantic mobilizing power of motherhood, the perception of marriage as a major part of women's lives, and beauty with a good personality as a kind of women's power.
Furthermore, the representation of women found mostly in Hollywood films in the 21st century is women’s beauty with a slim figure, despite an introduction of a plump heroine and Asian beauty in some films. The most presented characteristics of women are being themselves, self-confidence, leadership, bravery, extroversion, generosity, and faith in themselves, while the capable women are also presented with their clear goal, strong determination, persistence, patience, and being a fighter, including great endeavor.
From analyzing the decoding of the viewers who are Thai female receivers on the femininity in the 21st century through Hollywood films, it is found that mostly they have a dominant or preferred reading as intended by the filmmakers, and can also catch up with the latent ideologies presented in the films as well
Factors affecting work motivation and the influence of work motivation on civil servants' job performance through job satisfaction as a mediator: an evidence from department of home affairs in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
No full textThesis (M.P.A.)--National Institute of Development Administration, 2021This thesis is purposed to identify factors affecting work motivation and then to test the influence of job satisfaction as a mediator on the relationship between work motivation and employee job performance of civil servants working in the Department of Home Affairs in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Literature relating to theoretical background, main key concepts as work motivation, job satisfaction and job performance were reviewed. In the literature review, the conceptualization and definitions of six motivational factors (work conditions, job security, supervisor support, coworkers support, rewards and recognition and job characteristics), job satisfaction as the mediator in the relationship between work motivation and job performance, as well as the prediction about correlations among them are outlined.
Besides, the methodology provides ways to design the research, describe the population and sample size, design questionnaire, collect and analyze data. Collected data is analyzed by SPSS 20 and Smart PLS 3.0 software to test the hypotheses. Specifically, qualitative study with five key informants (3 experts and 2 civil servants) was performed through interview. Quantitative approach with 43 observed items was used. Finding gave the understandings of factors affecting work motivation, the relationship of work motivation and job performance through mediator, job performance in the Department of Home Affairs in Ho Chi Minh City. The pilot testing and main survey were 2 main steps in quantitative approach.There are three steps of the survey: validity and reliability testing measurement scales and final testing of the hypotheses. This research adapted prior measurement scales to ensure the validity of all scales. These scales had been used and tested in many researches among various countries and now they are tested and confirmed in Vietnam. In pilot test, the questionnaire was distributed to 30 participants, then the collected data analyzed by SPSS to confirm the reliability by using SPSS 20. The result revealed Cronbach’s alpha reliability of all construct had value over 0.7, which is very good. So key constructs are valid, and it can apply for Vietnam. The author then submitted the final questionnaire to IRB committee in NIDA-Thailand regarding to ethnicity in research, the Certificate of Exemption is issued in March, 2021.
Furthermore, findings of this research illustrate that two factors (work conditions, supervisor support) had a positive significant influence on work motivation in different level, while job satisfaction plays as a mediator affecting the relationship of work motivation and employee job performance partially. Those findings give leaders managers and supervisors of the department a new and an overall look about the antecedents as well as the consequences of work motivation. Based on the research findings, the conclusion drawn is that if the advance in motivational factors is high enough, the work motivation among civil servants will be increased, then leads to the enhance in performance with the mediator effect of job satisfaction. The research may contribute some useful information with managerial implications so that leaders and managers could apply in the department to boost the work motivation at a higher degree to improve the performance of civil servants and the sustainable development of department as well
Digital literacy of the aviation labour force in Eastern economic corridor
No full textThesis (Ph.D. (Communication Arts and Innovation))--National Institute of Development Administration, 2021The study was a mixed-method of both qualitative and quantitative research, aimed 1) to study the current condition of the aviation industry in Eastern Economic Corridor 2) to analyse the main factors that affect the digital literacy of the aviation labour forces and 3) to find the correlation of the main factors that affect the digital literacy of the aviation labour forces. The research was conducted into two parts. Part 1: Qualitative research was conducted by descriptive research methodology, which was conducted by using literature reviews and in-depth interviews of the aviation industry labour forces. Part 2: Quantitative research was conducted by a one-shot descriptive study to examine the correlation of the factors towards those of the aviation industry labour forces.
The results were found that U-Tapao Rayong-Pattaya International Airport is a strategic location. It is appropriated for the aviation industry of the region not only for the security but for the commercial events as well. The characteristics of the population revealed that the major group was male over 45 years old, married, got a bachelor degree, government operators in engineering departments, fair English skills, 15,000-25,000 baht per month, and over 5 years experiences in the aviation industry. The majority of the respondents spent their time for the digital media 4-6 hours a day for daily news. They used their smart phones during their operating for fulfilling their jobs through the Line application. The majority of the respondents were keen in using computers and accessing the sources through the applications, and could process the sources for presenting both on line and e-mails. The majority of the respondents believed that they would gain more digital literacy benefit, more effective operations, and development of units under the condition provided the digital software and hardware effectively. In term of digital literacy, the organisation did not provide widespread support to access to digital technology. Therefore, it was still complicated in accessing the Internet resulting in slow development. The knowledge about digital technology arising from age differences among the workers at the operation levels. The digital technology learning of individual was impacted on different levels. In addition, their language skills were at a moderate level. To understand the digital technology, they did not understand the change from traditional to digital systems, because the work performance effectiveness to miss the goals was set by the organization. To use the digital technology, such skills, it was not widely available in the aviation industry. This included problems in organisational internal communications resulting in misunderstandings between individuals in different levels of the management hierarchy, which impacted the use of digital technology to its full potential. The demographic factors that affected media use behaviours were ages, marital status, occupations, job departments, English skills, income and job experiences. The demographic factors that affected the performance and innovation effort expectations were education levels, occupations, job positions, and income. The demographic factors that affected the social influences were ages, education levels and job departments. The demographic factors that affected the facilities condition were ages and education levels. The demographic factors affected the digital literacy were gender, age, education levels, occupations, job positions, job departments, English skills, income, and job experiences. The digital media usage behaviours correlated with the purpose of using digital media in performance and innovation effort expectations, social influences and the facilities condition. The digital media usage behaviours correlated with the purpose of using digital media, the online media activities and the application used during work in the digital literacy. The digital media usage behaviours, performance and innovation effort expectations, social influences, and facilities condition correlated with digital literacy
โครงการเมืองอัจฉริยะ
No full textNIDA Smart Compact City เป็น 1 ใน 7 โครงการพัฒนาเมืองอัจฉริยะที่ได้รับรางวัลจากโครงการ Smart City-Clean Energy ของกระทรวงพลังงาน ซึ่งแสดงให้เห็นถึงศักยภาพของสถาบันที่พร้อมเป็นศูนย์กลางของการพัฒนากรุงเทพตะวันออกไปสู่การเป็นสังคมที่สร้างคุณภาพชีวิตที่เหมาะสมต่อการพัฒนาอย่างยั่งยื
Psychological contract violation, organizational commitment and employee counterproductive behavior among Chinese and Thai enterprises: in cross-cultural context
No full textThesis (Ph.D. (Management))--National Institute of Development Administration, 2021With the increasingly fierce global competition and the continuous development of modern information technology, enterprises are confronted with tremendous challenges, along with the accompanying tense labor relations, which also makes the competition between employees more and more fierce, thus the negative behaviors of employees in the workplace are constantly emerging. Employees Counterproductive Work Behavior (ECB) has progressively attracted a topic of shared interest among academia and businesses, is pervasive among various types of organizations, is highly implicit and disruptive, makes it difficult for organizations to guard against, and poses a serious threat to the organization.
This study based on psychological contract violation (PCV), organizational commitment (OC), and employees counterproductive work behavior (ECB) related theory, build "PCV-OC-ECB" research model, through theoretical and empirical analysis to explore the relationship between PCV, OC and ECB, as well as the mediating role of OC.
In this study, 426 Chinese employees form Chinese enterprise and 247 Thai employees from Thailand enterprise were selected as samples, among which the Chinese samples were from 8 enterprises in central, western and southern China, and the Thai samples were from 4 enterprises in Thailand-China Rayong Industrial Park. Using literature research method, questionnaire survey method, SPSS 21.0 and AMOS21.0 as data analysis tools, the reliability and validity of the data were analyzed, and the path analysis and group analysis were conducted by constructing SEM to verify the research hypothesis proposed in this paper.
The innovation points of this study are as follows: 1) OC is introduced as the intermediary variable in the relationship between PCV and ECB for the first time, and a research model of "PCV-OC-ECB" is constructed to explore the intermediary role of OC. 2) Breaking the limitation of single-dimension research on PCV and ECB, the research on three dimensions of PCV and two dimensions of ECB was carried out. 3) Expanded the theoretical research on the relationship between PCV and ECB of Turnley and others. 4) The cross-group research on ECB in Thailand and China enterprises is carried out for the first time, which enriches the research methods and contents.
The conclusions of this study are: 1) PCV has a significant positive impact on ECB; 2) PCV has a significant negative impact on OC; 3) OC has a significant negative impact on ECB; 4) OC plays a mediating role in the relationship between PCV and ECB. 5) There are significant differences in the relationship among the dimensions of PCV, OC and ECB among Chinese-Thai employees.
Based on the research conclusions, this paper derives management implications as: 1) Organizations can improve the relationship between the organization and employees by strengthening their organizational management practices; 2) Increase employee commitment to the organization and reduce the probability of employee counterproductive work behavior; 3) Respect employees from different cultural backgrounds and enhance cultural integration; 4) Implement differentiated human resources management
The journeys of capital accumulation, transformation, extension and communication strategies for the image-making of Thai marathon running celebrities
No full textThesis (Ph.D. (Communication Arts and Innovation))--National Institute of Development Administration, 2021This research aims to study the processes of capital accumulation, capital transformation and capital extension of Thai marathon running celebrities and to study communication strategies for the image-making of Thai marathon running celebrities. The study separates into three parts: personal background, their duration in the entertainment field, and their duration in the marathon field. According to the study objectives, the sample population is selected by the purposive sampling method using the selection criteria. The individuals who are mentioned in this study had to meet the following criteria: 1) must be a celebrity in Thai entertainment field 2) has previously run a 42.195 km marathon and obtains an official record 3) has to present himself/herself through the media and portrayed as a Thai marathon running celebrity by the media, and 4) is sponsored by a product or an event related to exercising. The selected sample population are Nat Sakdatorn, Artiwara Kongmalai, and Yossawadee Hassadiwijit. This qualitative research uses in-depth interviews, observations, and analyzing related documents in traditional media and social media to collect data.
The research revealed that most of the celebrities who entered the entertainment field are those who have capital, especially cultural capital in terms of skill and ability in singing, acting, which is financed by economic capital or family support. Cultural capital increases their opportunity to enter the entertainment industry. Moreover, the research also revealed that the celebrity's beginning in the entertainment industry was a contest (music contest, singer, model), and while in the field of entertainment, they have expanded the opportunities to other careers in the industry as well. In addition to accumulating and transforming capital into work in the entertainment industry, the celebrity should be presented by the media. The media plays a role in celebrities' status conferrals and later accumulate as symbolic capital.
It was found that the marathon running celebrities had images being presented through the media in the sports field. This is to extend the symbolic capital and field to the sports. However, before entering the marathon field a celebrity does not need a sports capital because a marathon requires a training process that enables anyone to run a marathon. The difference between a person with and without a sports capital is physical and mental strength, which is an essential foundation. Marathon helps celebrities to become sports celebrities and work in the field of sports concurrently.
The communication strategy is what helps a marathon celebrity to have a clearer image, as well as to expand the symbolic capital of fame to increase both in entertainment and a new field for the celebrity, that is, sports. Their reputations stem from communication strategies through the media, and self-presentation through personal online media. This is what makes marathon running celebrities distinctive from other marathon runners
ปัจจัยทางจิตสังคมที่เกี่ยวข้องกับพฤติกรรมการแสวงหาและใช้ความรู้ของครูในการพัฒนาจริยธรรมในโรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษา
No full textThesis (Ph.D. (Social Development Administration))--National Institute of Development Administration, 2021This research was a correlational-comparative study. Its objectives were 1) to determine the predictors and the prediction percentage of psychological state group in total and subgroups, 2) to determine the predictors and prediction percentage of teacher’s exploring and exploiting knowledge for moral development in total and subgroups, and 3) to examine the direct influences of psychological trait latent variable and situational factor latent variable on teacher’s exploring and exploiting knowledge for moral development latent variable, and their indirect effects via psychological state latent variable. Based on Interactionism model, this research employed a multistage quota random sampling method. The sample were 720 teachers from 12 private high schools in Thailand. Multiple regression analysis and Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to test hypothesis.
There were four groups of variables in this study as follows. 1) Exploring and Exploiting Knowledge for Moral Development included three variables as knowledge exploring behavior, knowledge exploiting behavior, and supportive behavior. 2) Psychological Trait Group included three variables, included future orientation, Big-O personality, and need for achievement. 3) Situational factor group included six variables which were divided into 2 subgroups: first the pro-situational factors, consisted of perceived organizational support, role model, social norm, second, the con-situational factors consisted of peer influence, workload, and family burden. 4) Psychological State Group consisted of three variables including acceptance of duty, attitudes toward behavior, and self-efficacy. Most of the variables were measured in the form of summated rating. Each measure consisted of 7-15 items. The measures were verified for their quality with Item discrimination, Item total correlation, Reliability, and Confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability score of each measure ranged between 0.60 to 0.88. Data were analyzed in total sample and several subgroups categorized by biosocial background.
The research results were as follows. First, MRA using psychological traits and situational factors, with the total of nine predictors of the three psychological state variables indicated the supportive results for hypothesis 1. The important findings were as follows. 1) All six predictors yielded predictive percentage of 49.50% on acceptance of duty in total group. The predictors ordered in descending were social norm, need for achievement, Big-o personality, future orientation, peer influenced, and perceived organizational support. 2) All five predictors yielded predictive percentage of 40.30% on attitudes toward behavior in total group. The predictors ordered in descending were social norm, need for achievement, Big-o personality, workload, and peer influence. 3) All four predictors yielded predictive percentage of 42.2% on self-efficacy in having at least one child group. The predictors ordered in descending were workload, Big-o personality, social norm, and need for achievement.
Second, results from MRA using psychological traits, situational factors, and psychological state with the total of 12 variables as predictors of the three dependent variables indicated the supportive results for hypothesis 2. The important findings were as follows. 1) All six predictors yielded predictive percentage of 55.60% on exploiting knowledge behavior in total group. The predictors ordered in descending were acceptance of duty, self-efficacy, future orientation, Big-o personality, family burden, and peer influence. 2) All nine predictors yielded predictive percentage of 54.20% on supportive behavior in total group. The predictors ordered in descending were acceptance of duty, self-efficacy, future orientation, role model, family burden, need for achievement, Big-o personality, peer influence, and workload. 3) All three predictors yielded predictive percentage of 47.2% on exploring knowledge behavior in teachers with additional position. The predictors ordered in descending were acceptance of duty, future orientation, and role model.
Third, result from path analysis indicated the model fit for the adjusted model. The results support the interactionism model, where psychological trait and situation factor latent variables had direct influence on exploring and exploiting behavior latent variable with indirect influence via psychological state latent variable which could explain the behavior latent variable (R2) = 55.60%. In this study, the additional direct effects from psychological trait latent variable to both situational latent variables in terms of pro-situational latent variable and con-situational factor latent variable. Furthermore, the additional direct effect from con-situational factor also found on pro-situational latent variable. This finding suggested that the hinder situational variables negatively affected the pro-situational variables.
Based on the important findings in this study, the recommendations for practice are 1) There should be experimental research for the test or evaluation using the present research result as basic data and focus on developing secondary school teachers for their preparedness and enhancement in exploring and exploiting knowledge behavior for moral development in school. 2) Other types of assessment criteria may be employed for comparisons, e.g., assessment by co-administrators, section chiefs, level chiefs, head/assistant head of learning substance groups, or colleagues, to ensure increased objectivity. 3) It is the duty of teachers to constantly exploring knowledge as a life-long effort along with exploring and exploiting knowledge behavior for moral development in school. 4) The research should also be conducted in teachers who teach in other levels such as primary level, vocational level, or degree level as it can serve in fostering teachers’ acceptance of duties in student moral development as well as self-efficacy in student moral development
The analysis of fear in dystopian films in the early 21st century
No full textThesis (Ph.D. (Communication Arts and Innovation))--National Institute of Development Administration, 2021The research aims to study fear appearing in dystopian films in the early 21st century (2001-2020) through qualitative research conducted by textual analysis and website documentary research. The samples were selected from four dystopian films with four dimensions of fear: Social disparity in "In Time" (2011), dictatorship in "V for Vendetta" (2005), scientific and technological growth in "I, Robot" (2004), and a natural disaster in "Children of Men" (2006). The concepts of fear, film genres, and a dystopia were applied as a conceptual research framework.
From the analysis, it is found that all four movies are similar in their setting related to time. Namely, daytime often reflects the governor's deprivation of rights, while nighttime is the period of domination through the use of a variety of violence for expressing fear. The spatial setting is found to ignite criticism against a society of indifference and ignorance, as witnessed from people's corners of life and the cruelty of some groups of people. Moreover, the social environment is integrated between a society of modernity and deteriorated buildings and houses, including immorality caused by human beings. The movies reflect the impoverishment of people who try to search for freedom from an oppressive society in various domains, i.e., politics, inequality, the use of technology and science, and natural disasters. Especially, "Children of Men" illustrates a high dystopian society through the plot of the coming human extinction, symbolized by early morning time, dust, gunpowder, soot, corpses on the road, riots, and refugees; thus, it is so-called a "dark dystopian film."
The ideologies presented in the films project people's loss and hopelessness to remind the audience of the fearful truth in the real world. Moreover, ideologies also play a role in summarizing the dimension portrayed in each movie under the same formula of dystopian films. Besides, the old definition of a dystopia is found to be modified to respond to what happened in the early 21st century, such as the ideology of belief in humanity, an ideology of religion, and the ideology of the anti-enlightenment age. Remarkably, it is further found that the appearing fear in each movie has different sequences despite being all dystopian films.
The study also finds that dystopian movies try to reproduce and project fear so repeatedly that it becomes normalized and natural since the society faces fear all the time and may not be bettered, even moving into the 21st century