National Institute of Development Administration
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Unraveling discursive construction of Thai fandom : An analysis of Thai fans culture and identity in an online communication
No full textThesis (Ph.D. (Language and Communicaiton))--National Institute of Development Administration, 2020In this digital era, fandom has become a social and cultural phenomenon,
especially in Thailand. This study aims to explore Thai fan culture and identities from
different online platforms. The three topics of fan culture, namely fan production, fan
community, and level of fandom and hierarchy were explored in detail using mixed
methods of textual analysis and questionnaire. These three topics were also discussed
together as essential parts of fans’ identity construction. Bucholtz and Hall’s
sociocultural linguistics approach and semiotic analysis were used as analytical
frameworks, looking at how fans used language to construct their identity in Thai
context. The first research question reveals how fans use fan texts to express their affection
and feel connected to their object of fandom. The second research question suggests
themes of fan interaction within fan online communities. The third research question
presents the characteristics of the five level of fandom, namely mere consumer, casual
fan, big fan, true fan, and super fan. The fourth research question suggests that fan
identity could be constructed mainly two ways. First is fans as a collective group, in
which they shared some common fan engagements and special lexicons of fan talk with
one another. Second is a fan as one’s own identity, suggesting that fan identity could
bring about other identities and that it is transcultural.
In addition, the dissertation proposes that a media fan, in Thai context, is mainly a
person who feels emotionally connected or attached to particular media object(s). This
positive connection ranges from a strong interest in the media object to deep attachment.
It also discusses the close connection between fan discourse and online media discourse,
how online fan community resembles an imagined community, and why the cause of
active consumption is mostly due to the ‘affection’ factor and fans’ pleasure satisfaction more than a resistance to mainstream media or patriarchal society. Moreover, it discusses the transcultural aspects of fan identities and fans’ production of fan texts and
conversations
Analysis and spatial application of human security indicators in perspectives of sustainable development
No full textThesis (Ph.D. (Environmental Management))--National Institute of Development Administration, 2020This study aimed to analyze the implications of human security indicators and sustainable development, in perspectives of economic, social, and environmental aspects for investigating development opportunities in Thailand, focusing on the central west region. The Human Achievement Index (HAI) from the National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) was applied as a based case of human security indicators for a mixed-method rescarch in this study. The data collection was conducted by a purposive sampling method via the Delphi technique, which 18 participants wer nvited to deliver their opinions as the panelists. After that, the significant indicators were integrated with the spatial application to verity development opportunities further. This analysis applied various statistical measurements, including Mean, Median, Mode, and Interquartile to pursue central tendency and implication levels of variable relationships. The findings expressed a series of implications, which human security affected to sustainable development, for instance, the top three rankings of significant indicators in each perspective could be ordered, as follows: 1) economie security--family income, consuming debt, and poverty rate. 2) social security--unemplovment rate, social insurance, and high school and vocational training opportunity, and 3) environmental security--serviceable main road, greenhouse emission rate, and house and land owner, respectively. The study also derived various indicators from the panelists via the Delphi technique, for example, sufficieney economic village, drug-traflicking case, immigration rate, medical personnel rute, and air cuality index. Furthermore. the panelists contribute some recommendations for further study, including ecological and creative tourism, local business mechanism, smart city, empirical indicator, multi-dimensions of social and environmental issues. Nevertheless, the panelists also suggested that the political vote rate in the year 2016 should be dismissed from the HA
Effectiveness of emergency medical services networks
No full textThesis (D.P.A.)--National Institute of Development Administration, 2020This study is a network of emergency medical services outside of
hospitals in the three provinces of Khon Kaen, Nonthaburi, Ubon Ratchathani and Sa
Kaeo provinces that has three objectives: 1) to study the operational processes of the
network organization in Emergency Medical Services, 2) to study the effectiveness of
the network organization in Emergency Medical Services, and 3) to present the
models of the network organization in Emergency Medical Services right with
Thailand that operated by Qualitative Research Methodology, In-Depth Interview,
Focus Group Discussion, Non-Participant Observation and Document Analysis.
Khon Kaen provincial's Emergency Medical Service began with team and
organization network building by a physician team in Khon Kaen hospital to develop
an emergency referral system. They were supported by the International Cooperation
Organization and the local administrative organization to join in the establishment of
paramedics. That was the beginning of the systematic emergency medical services in
Thailand and helped push forward the law to support the emergency medical system.
After that, When the incident and disaster plan was later included in the National
Economic and Social Development Plan, provincial medical centres and general
hospitals started to establish paramedic units; and the local administrative
organization started to participate by endorsement to establish district paramedic
units. Ubon Ratchathani province began to establish an emergency response and
command call centre in the Provincial Health Office. Nonthaburi and Sa Kaeo
provinces established emergency response and command call centres at Phranangklao
Hospital and Sa Kaeo Crown Prince Hospital. In addition, Ubon Ratchathani and Sa
Kaeo province decentralized the management of emergency response and command
call centres to perform outside of hospitals to the local administrative organization. The network building of emergency medical service was successful in Khon Kaen,
Ubon Ratchathani, and Sa Kaeo province carried out by unity of purposes of
leadership initiatives: to save people in emergencies through emergency medical
services outside of hospitals. For this reason, emergency medical networks were
established by building relationships and trust with other organizations to persuade to
apply existing potential and resource in each organization to the establishment of
emergency medical services to people. However, Nonthaburi provincial administrator
has not contacted yet agreed to conjointly participate in establishing emergency
medical service networks in the area yet.
The Khon Kaen provincial network administration of Emergency Medical
Service was the most effective due to sufficiently building and expanding the number
of network members to cover the entire province area, resulting in the performances
can be accessed to emergency patients in time. Whereas the Nonthaburi provincial
network administration of Emergency Medical Service was the least effective due to
an insufficient number of network members, there were no equipment and tools
enough to communicate. Sa Kaeo and Ubon Ratchathani provinces affect
communicating with people. Local administrative organizations can disseminate the
knowledge and understanding to people to decide to call for emergency medical
services through appropriate channels.
Suggestion: the government should earnestly hasten to transfer the public
health missions to the LAO, EMC should provide an understanding of the legitimacy
for the performances of emergency medical services outside of hospitals to the LAO;
transfer their missions to the Provincial Public Health Office in each region to
represent; provide the cooperation with civil society to organize the standardized of
emergency medical services; should integrate the emergency medical management of
all organizations in the network; including the integration to combine all types of
emergency numbers into a number for the convenience of the users' recognition
Creating shared value communication for Thai companies
No full textThesis (Ph.D. (Communication Arts and Innovation))--National Institute of Development Administration, 2020In the past, business organizations focused only on the highest profitability by
neglecting social and environmental responsibility. However, with the changes in
society, economy, politics, and environment, including innovation and technology, the
organization has to communicate to all stakeholders more about social responsibility
issues as a result. Therefore, this case study qualitative research aimed to study the
process of creating shared value (CSV) and the impact of the shared value
communication process in the context of Thai society. It aimed to use as a conceptual
framework for developing the process of communicating CSV in business
organizations in Thailand. Two large business organizations in Thailand: Bangchak
Corporation Public Company Limited (BCP) and The Siam Cement Public Company
Limited (SCG), were selected as study cases. Ten key informants were purposively
selected from each organization, consisting of three middle-level executives and
fourteen general employees, with a total of twenty. The tools used for data collection
were in-depth interviews and structured group interviews with the observation form
without participation. Data were analyzed and synthesized by the content analysis
method.
The research study results were summarized into two parts, namely the
communication process of creating shared values; it was found that there was a change
according to the context of Thai society in each era. Especially in the present, business
organizations are increasingly focused on communicating information through activities that demonstrate social and environmental responsibility by communicating
that they were using their limited natural resources for maximum efficiency and
minimizing disruption to the world. The communication process is the communication
from the inside out, emphasizing stakeholder participation from personnel within the
organization to trading partners, customers, society, and communities by using
innovation and modern technology to help cover the reach of all sectors. It emphasizes
both formal and informal styles and focuses on communication at all levels: top-down,
bottom-up, and communication at the same level.
As for the impact of the shared value communication process, it was found that
BCP’s organizational value communication process was still unable to convey the
present-day “values” of the organization to employees within the organization in terms
of creating an understanding of responsiveness to clearly responds to change mutually.
This causes employees with different values of view to conflict. Therefore, it is
imperative to re-shape the communication process based on the harmonization of the
collective goals of the organization and the individual goals to enable the company to
deliver the actual value of the organization to its employees sustainably.
On the part of SCG, it was found that the company has implemented a process
of communicating future-oriented shared values and creating innovations since the
beginning, resulting in greater clarity on the delivery of shared values from generation
to generation. Therefore, the approach to developing an organization’s communication
process to create shared value requires consideration of the main factors: social,
economic, environmental, political, and technological factors. Besides, it must include
the participation of stakeholders so that the organization can gain trust from all of them,
leading to satisfaction in using the service and affecting the organization’s
sustainability
Job satisfaction of the personnel of Library and Information Center, National Institute of Development Administration
No full textการศึกษาครั้งนี้มีจุดมุ่งหมายเพื่อศึกษาความพึงพอใจในการปฏิบัติงานของบุคลากรสำนักบรรณสารการพัฒนา สถาบันบัณฑิตพัฒนบริหารศาสตร์ และเปรียบเทียบความพึงพอใจในการปฏิบัติงาน โดยจำแนกตามตัวแปรประเภทบุคลากร สถานภาพทางราชการ วุฒิการศึกษา ประเภทของงาน และประสบการณ์ในการทำงาน รวมทั้งศึกษาข้อเสนอแนะแนวทางที่จะส่งผลให้เกิดความพึงพอใจในการปฏิบัติงานของบุคลากรสำนักบรรณสารการพัฒนา ตลอดจนศึกษาอันดับความสำคัญของปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อความพึงพอใจในการปฏิบัติงานโดยใช้ทฤษฎีของเฮอร์ซเบอร์กในการกำหนดกรอบแนวคิดการวิจัย และใช้แบบสอบถามแบบมาตรประมาณค่า 5 ระดับ ตามวิธีของลิเคิร์ตเป็นเครื่องมือในการเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลจากบุคลากรสำนักบรรณสารการพัฒนา จำนวน 58 คน สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล คือ ค่าร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน t-test และ F-test โดยใช้โปรแกรมสำเร็จรูป SPSS/PC+(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences/Personal Computer Plus) ผลการวิจัยพบว่า บุคลากรสำนักบรรณสารการพัฒนา สถาบันบัณฑิตพัฒนบริหารศาสตร์ มีความพึงพอใจในการปฏิบัติงานโดยรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก เมื่อพิจารณาเป็นรายด้านพบว่าทุกด้านมีความพึงพอใจอยู่ในระดับมากเช่นกัน โดยมีความพึงพอใจสูงสุดในด้านความสำเร็จ และมีความพึงพอใจต่ำสุดในด้านนโยบายและการบริหาร เมื่อเปรียบเทียบตามตัวแปรประเภทบุคลากร สถานภาพทางราชการ วุฒิการศึกษา ประเภทของงาน และประสบการณ์ในการทำงาน พบว่าบุคลากรสำนักบรรณสารการพัฒนา สถาบันบัณฑิตพัฒนบริหารศาสตร์ มีความพึงพอใจในการปฏิบัติงานโดยรวมไม่แตกต่างกันทุกตัวแปร และมีความพึงพอใจในการปฏิบัติงานต่อปัจจัยต่าง ๆ ทั้ง 10 ปัจจัย เรียงตามอันดับความสำคัญ ดังนี้ 1) ความสำเร็จ 2) ความรับผิดชอบ 3) ลักษณะงาน 4) ความก้าวหน้า 5) การบังคับบัญชา 6) ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างบุคคล 7) การได้รับความยอมรับนับถือ 8) สภาพแวดล้อมในการปฏิบัติงาน 9) สิ่งตอบแทน และ 10) นโยบายและการบริหา
Construction of gay characters in Thai boy love series
No full textวิทยานิพนธ์ (ศศ.ม. (นิเทศศาสตร์และนวัตกรรม))--สถาบันบัณฑิตพัฒนบริหารศาสตร์, 2563การวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพเรื่อง “การประกอบสร้างตัวละครชายรักชายในซีรีส์วาย” มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาการประกอบสร้างตัวละครชายรักชายในซีรีส์วาย 2) ศึกษาคุณลักษณะของตัวละครชายรักชายในซีรีส์วาย 3) ศึกษาทัศนคติของผู้ชมที่เป็นกลุ่มชายรักชายที่มีต่อตัวละครชายรักชายในซีรีส์วาย โดยผู้วิจัยได้ทำการวิเคราะห์ตัวบทผ่านตัวละครชายรักชายจำนวน 20 ตัวละคร จากซีรีส์วาย 10 เรื่องที่ออกอากาศระหว่างปี 2558 – 2562 และทำการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกกลุ่มผู้ชมทางสังคมที่เป็นกลุ่มชายรักชายจำนวน 15 คน
ผลการศึกษา พบว่า ตัวละครชายรักชายในซีรีส์วายมีลักษณะที่แตกต่างจากกลุ่มชายรักชายในละครหลังข่าวและภาพยนตร์ในยุคก่อนที่มีความเป็นหญิงสูง ไม่สมหวังในความรัก แสดงออกเกินจริง และบ้าผู้ชาย แต่ตัวละครในซีรีส์วายถูกประกอบสร้างขึ้นมาใหม่ที่ถูกจำกัดอยู่ในช่วงวัยเรียนตั้งแต่ระดับมัธยมศึกษาตอนปลาย จนถึงวัยเริ่มทำงาน มีฐานะปานกลางจนถึงดี หน้าตาและรูปร่างดี อาศัยอยู่ในเมือง โดยมีคุณลักษณะร่วมกัน 4 ประการ คือ 1) การให้คุณค่าความเป็นชาย ด้วยการให้ตัวละครมีความเป็นชายสูงทั้งรูปร่างหน้าตา ลักษณะนิสัย 2) การนำความสัมพันธ์ชายหญิงมาครอบทับไว้ ด้วยการกำหนดบทบาททางเพศ ส่งผลให้ตัวละครถูกแบ่งออกเป็นพระเอกที่ทำหน้าที่เป็นผู้กระทำ และ นายเอก เป็นผู้ถูกกระทำ ซึ่งทำหน้าที่เป็น ”นางเอก” แต่เป็นผู้ชายที่มีความเป็นหญิงสูงกว่าพระเอก เช่น รูปร่างหน้าตาที่ตัวเล็กกว่า ผิวขาวกว่า หรือนิสัยที่มีความเป็นหญิงสูงกว่าพระเอก 3) การสร้างโลกในอุดมคติของการยอมรับกลุ่มชายรักชาย ทำให้ทุกคนสามารถยอมรับการเป็นชายรักชายได้แทบจะในทันที ซึ่งผิดธรรมชาติในโลกแห่งความจริง 4) รักเดียวใจเดียว ทำให้ตัวละครชายรักชายได้ครองคู่และใช้ชีวิตอย่างมีความสุข
ผลการวิจัยสามารถนำไปใช้เป็นแนวทางเชิงนโยบายเกี่ยวกับการนำเสนอภาพชายรักชายในสื่อแขนงต่าง ๆ รวมไปถึงการพัฒนาการผลิตซีรีส์วายให้มีความแปลกใหม่และสร้างความเข้าใจในกลุ่มชายรักชายให้มากยิ่งขึ้น ด้วยการนำเสนอตัวละครที่มีความหลากหลายมากขึ้น และให้ความสำคัญกับกระบวนการสร้างอัตลักษณ์ทางเพศ ตลอดจนไม่กำหนดบทบาททางเพศของตัวละครThe objectives of this qualitative research “Construction of Gay Characters in Thai Boy Love Series” were; to study the construction of male-homosexual characters in boys love drama, toexamine the characteristics of male-homosexual characters;, and to explore the attitude of homosexual viewers toward male-homosexual characters in boys love drama. The researcher has analyzed 20 male-homosexual characters from 10 boys love dramas, which were broadcasted during 2015-2019, and conducted in-depth interviews with 15 key informants who consider themselve to be men who have sex with men.
The results showed that male-homosexual characters in boys love drama displayed different traits from those in soap operas or movies,which were often associated with feminine nature, unrequited love,overaction, and passionate interest in men. Characters in boys love drama, in contrast, were constructed with certain of age—from high school students to early workers, certain of status—from middle to upper class, good-looking, great body, and residing in urban area. Shared characteristics were described as follows: 1) holding traditionalmasculine values – characters were portrayed with hyper-masculinity inboth physical appearance and manner 2) transposing gender roles of male and female onto two males – characters were divided into two leading positions: hero, the one who takes the initiative, and heroine, the one who passively undergoes his partner’s actions and is illustrated asmore feminine in terms of smaller body, fairer skin, and personalitytraits than the hero 3) creating an ideal world where love between homosexuals are accepted widely and almost immediately 4) devoting to a single man – after male-homosexual characters become partners, theylive happily ever after.
These research findings could be used as a guideline for the portrayal policy of male-homosexual characters in various types of media, as well as, for improving the production of boys love drama.Presenting a variety of homosexual characters, focusing mainly oncreating gender identity, and not conforming to gender roles would be key to help create a better understanding of male homosexuals in the society
A study of teaching quality evaluation system of Thai language major in undergrad level in regular higher educational institutions: Yunnan province as an example
No full textThesis (Ph.D. (Management))--National Institute of Development Administration, 2020There is a scarcity of literature on evaluation – particularly in the field of language teaching and learning and educational evaluation – that addresses the quality evaluation system of undergraduate-level Thai-language teaching programs in the context of mainland China. Therefore, this study aims to fill this research gap by proposing an evaluation design including evaluation concepts, guiding principles, and required information to underpin a more effective evaluation system for the undergraduate-level Thai language program. Based on the evaluation of teaching quality, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to construct a more efficient undergraduate Thai teaching evaluation system, and a perfect index system is formed. Thai teaching at nine institutions in Yunnan province were selected as the sample which were investigated via questionnaire surveys and interviews to reveal the problems in the Thai language teaching quality evaluation system of higher-level undergraduate colleges, analyze the causes and find ways to improve the quality of teaching which can be used as a basis to improve other Thai majors. The conclusions are: 1) the Thai language teaching quality evaluation system constructed in this study is more reasonable; 2) the evaluation of teaching quality has different scores in different evaluation subjects with the student group's evaluation of teaching quality being different to teachers' peers and teaching supervisors, and with significant differences; 3) there are differences in the evaluation results of teaching quality in different Thai language content teaching; 4) the teaching design and organizational skills of Thai language teachers are not high; and 5) the outcome of the reform of Thai language practice teaching is more obvious. According to this research, the existing teaching quality evaluation system can be improved and revised; the teaching quality evaluation guarantee mechanism can be established and improved; school-enterprise cooperation can be further promoted; and the effective connection between talent and society can be realized.
Keywords: Undergraduate teaching; Thai major; teaching quality evaluation; evaluation system construction; teaching quality refor
Ant colony system with Thailand green travelling problem
No full textThesis (Ph.D (Computer Science and Information Systems))--National Institute of Development Administration, 2020Most industries focus on how to get the benefits from processing and transmitting even in tourism industry. Technology has been used to meet the need of travelers in order to access more information such as flight, route, hotel, transportation and others by themselves. There are some techniques of computer science that solve about travelling problem such as Artificial Intelligence and Animal stimulation is used such as ant behavior etc. Thus, this research proposes how to apply Ant Colony Optimization with travelling problem. As the result, Brute force was taken into consideration to compare the capabilities of The Ant Colony System. The results obtained from Ant Colony System have some routes equal to the shortest distance of Brutes Force, but some Brute Force routes have shortest distances. When looking at the
performance of algorithm, the processing time to generate all possible paths of the Brute Force takes more time than Ant Colony System. The efficiency of the Brute Force algorithm is O(N2)(Christian and Thierry) while Any Colony System Only O(m logm)(Walter,). Using Ant Colony System by adding other conditions such as changing vehicles at each tourist attraction to complete the planning. It can be further expanded into a system of advice tourist for tourist recommended plan
The development of the structural equation model of factors affecting success for coastal erosion management at the upper gulf of Thailand
No full textThesis (Ph.D. (Environmental Management))--National Institute of Development Administration, 2020The research aims to 1) study direct and indirect effects of factors affecting the
success in coastal erosion management in the upper Gulf of Thailand, and 2) develop
and test the congruence of the measurement model and the structural equation model
of factors affecting the success in coastal erosion management in the upper Gulf of
Thailand with empirical data. The conduction of research was divided into two stages.
The first stage was qualitative research through 1) document analysis and 2) in-depth
interview. The second stage was quantitative research by survey questionnaires, a total
of 420 samples. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics, including
the analysis of the structural equation model (SEM).
The results of this study showed that 1) factors relating to policies, strategic
plans, and laws have a positive direct effect on the integrated coastal zone management
of coastal erosion and people’s participation, but has no statistically significant effect
on success in coastal erosion management. The integrated coastal zone management of
coastal erosion and people’s participation has a positive direct effect on the success of
coastal erosion management. For indirect effects, the success in coastal erosion
management factor is indirectly influenced by policies, strategic plans, and laws
through the integrated coastal zone management of coastal erosion and people’s
participation. 2) The developed model is found to be congruent with empirical data at
a statistical significance level. Therefore, to successfully manage coastal erosion, those
involved in coastal erosion management have to adopt sustainable development concepts, maintain the value of the functional structure of the coastal environment,
develop maximal economic efficiency, and concern about social equity.
This research suggests that 1) the government should encourage people to
participate in coastal erosion management while shifting its role from an operator to a
facilitator via some mechanisms, which may be applied in various forms, such as
community-based management, cooperative management with some motivational
measures, or having the private sectors to take parts in management. The enhancement
of people’s participation can help people to be well aware of the importance of the coast
and stimulate their conscience for conserving and utilizing it worthily and sustainably.
2) It is important to have a mechanism for enabling those involved in coastal erosion
management to be knowledgeable and understand the essentials of the integrated
coastal zone management of coastal erosion, including having mechanisms to negotiate
benefits by changing concepts towards all parties’ benefits to achieve acceptance and
cooperation in management, leading to truly integrated coastal zone management of
coastal erosion. 3) The government sector must empower local personnel to be able to
implement management plans, including regulating and monitoring coastal areas
effectively
Mechanisms of resilient organizations: an explanatory case study of the family business in Thailand
No full textThesis (Ph.D. (Human Resource and Organization Development))--National Institute of Development Administration, 2020The main objective of this study was to advance the knowledge explaining why
organizations are resilient by following Swanson and Chermack’s (2013) theory
development in applied disciplines. The study covered only three phases: The
conceptualization phase, the operationalization phase, and the confirmation phase.
Based on the conceptualization and operationalization phase, nine propositions were
identified before data collection based on literature review that explains the concept of
resilient organization, such as a successful outcome of crisis management, positive
organizational adjustment, and adaptability. Qualitative research design was employed
in this study. In this regard, Yin’s (2014) explanatory case study and pattern matching
method was employed in order to confirm the propositions and advance the knowledge
explaining why organizations are resilient. The context of family business in Thailand
was used as the context of study because of two reasons: a) family business has a stake
in the Thai economy (Suehiro, 1997); and b) family business was consistently found
that it is more resilient than other types of business, and it demonstrates stronger
resilience despite an economic crisis (Amann & Jaussaud, 2012; Chrisman et al., 2011;
Gupta & Levenburg, 2010; Kachaner et al., 2012; van Essen et al., 2015).The findings were based on the fifteen individual cases of organizations, that
showed a resilient pattern and were family businesses in Thailand. According to the
cross-case analysis, resilient organizations were created by factors occurred in three
time periods. They are 1) before the crisis; 2) being aware of the crisis; and 3) managing
the crisis that occurred. This applied to all types of resilient organizations (i.e. recovery
resilience; resistant resilience; transformation resilience). Many cases consistently
demonstrated that the period before the crisis was a substantial period as it buffered the
consequences of crisis and supported the organizations after their crisis.
The evidence from the cross-case analysis, in addition, suggested that the
organizations in the period before the crisis emphasized on manpower strategies (i.e.
building affective feelings and relationships among people in the organizations;
developing tonic virtuousness) and management strategies (i.e. strengthening internal
organizational operations; knowledge acquisition and past experience). In the face of a
crisis, the organizations responded to the crisis by focusing on monetary strategies (i.e.
financial saving; low cost operation; handling financial problems), manpower strategies
(i.e. staff collaboration; organizational commitment; phasic virtuousness; leadership;
attention to and assistance for staff affected by the crisis), management strategies (i.e.
property loss mitigation; communication; organizational support; systems
improvement; diversified business). Despite the organizational actions before the crisis
and in the face of the crisis, resilient organizations also showed mindfulness/being
aware of crisis. This was a crucial factor that prompted the organizations to be ready to
cope with the crisis.
With respect to the discussion of the cross-case findings, many theoretical
propositions were confirmed and further indicated a degree of transferability. The
analysis showed a degree of transferability of these factors. They are organizational
mitigation in the face of a crisis, an appropriate business model generation, sufficiency
thinking, tonic and phasic virtuousness, financial reserve, attention to a context, and
human resources. The analysis also introduced new findings of this study, which were
specifically related to the context of the family business in Thailand. They include the
three period factors contributing to resilience development, sufficiency thinking, roles
of leaders, organizational support, attention of executives given to their employees,
knowledge and past experience, staff collaboration, organizational commitment, communication, virtuousness, quality of products and services, diversified business, and financial handling