Publicatii USAMV Cluj-Napoca (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine / Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară din Cluj-Napoca)
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Traditional Uses in Food Products and Health Benefits of Hawthorn
Get PDFHawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) is a plant of the Rosaceae family and is widely grown throughout the world as one of the medicinal and edible plants, known as the “nutritious fruit” due to its richness in bioactive substances. Extracts derived from it are used in the formulation of dietary supplements, functional foods, and pharmaceutical products. Rich in amino acids, minerals, pectin, vitamin C, chlorogenic acid, epicatechol, and choline, hawthorn has a high therapeutic and health value. Many studies have shown that hawthorn has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-cardiovascular disease, and digestive enhancing properties. This study briefly reviews the chemical composition, nutritional value, food applications, and the important biological and pharmacological activities of hawthorn. This will contribute to the development of functional foods or obtain a natural additive with high conservation value from hawthorn
Melliferous Aromatic Plants
Get PDFImportant reference source show that more than eight hundred species of medicinal plants grow on the Romanian’s territory, of which only a small proportion are cultivated. Part of the spontaneous and cultivated medicinal plants, native or introduced in Romania, are aromatic plants, which are rich in essential volatile oils. Essential oils have important biological properties and are increasingly used in various industries such as pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics to name a few. Many plants secreting aromatic essential oils are also plants with a high melliferous potential. Studies carried out over several years, on aromatic plants in spontaneous flora and in integrated crops have demonstrated important melliferous potential for representatives of several botanic families such as: Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and Amaryllidaceae. The Lamiaceae family is best represented, species such as: Melissa officinalis, Salvia officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Mentha piperita, Hyssopus officinalis, Dracocephalum moldavica, Satureja hortensis and Thymus vulgaris being extremely valuable both for the quality and multiple uses of their essential oils, for the honey base they provide to beekeepers as well as the particular quality of the honey. Medicinal and aromatic plants greatly contribute to the beneficial properties of bee keeping products (honey, pollen, royal jelly and propolis) and have the potential to deliver more bioactive bee products
The Evaluation of Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Ajuga reptans and Ajuga genevensis Extracts (Lamiaceae)
Get PDFSeveral Ajuga species (Lamiaceae) are used in Romanian traditional medicine for their anti-inflammatory, wound healing and hepatoprotective properties. The aerial parts of Ajuga reptans and A. genevensis contain phenolic compounds, diterpenoids and iridoids. In the present research, the polyphenolic composition and antioxidant potential of Ajuga reptans and A. genevensis aerial parts extracts were investigated. The total polyphenolic content (TPC), flavonoids content (TFC) and iridoids content (TIC) were determined. The antioxidant capacity of Ajuga sp. extracts was measured using 2,2–diphenyl-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The results showed that the TPC ranged between 18.96-20.07 mg GAE/g, TIC from 17.93-21.17 mg AE/g, and TFC between 10.25-14.68 mg RE/g. The phenolic determinations are in accordance with the antioxidant activity, therefore a higher TPC for A. genevensis aerial parts extract is related to a higher DPPH radical scavenging activity and a higher ferric ion reducing antioxidant capacity. The results provide important preliminary information for further pharmacological research on Ajuga species aerial parts extracts
Influence of Soil Tillage Systems on Rapeseed Production Parameters and on the Numerical Density of Pest Complex
Get PDFBrassica rapa L. is one of the most common plant cultivated in Europe. The farmers from Ungheni area (Mureș, Romania) reported the attack of pest complex in rapeseed culture in the 2021 year. For that, two soil tillage systems were estabilished to reduce the pests complex and to increase the rapeseed production. The results indicated that is recommanded to apply two different tillage sistems at 5 parcels. First ot them was the conventional tillage, with plough and the other one was reduced tillage, with cultivator. For monitoring the growth stage and the pests percentage, 20 rapeseed plants were selected from each parcel. The pests idenification taked place at the Entomology Discipline and the plants grown stage and production parameters were analyzed at Agrotehnical Discipline, at University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca. In the conventional tillage the average of plants reported with pests was about 55% and the maximum number of adults/plant was 7 (field 2). In the minimum tillage, the average of plants reported with pests was about 15 % and the maximum number of adults/plant was 2. In the fields with plough, the production was about 3200 kg/ha and in those with cultivator, the production was about 4400 kg/ha
Triticale, a Grain with Many Uses, Including Medicinal
Get PDFTriticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) are the result of crossing, having as parents Triticum aestivum and Secale cereale, taking from them a high production capacity and an adaptability and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Depending on the author, they have a protein content between 10 and 22%, a starch content of around 60% and a lysine content higher than wheat. They are used in different industries in different forms. In medicine, they have a preventive role against metabolic tubulation, cancer and an anti-inflammatory role. It is used in the bakery industry, the manufacture of pastries, biscuits, in different concentrations together with wheat flour, in the beer, cellulose, bioethanol, food industry, in fish grain and even in the manufacture of ecological polymer materials
Chlorophyll Content and Leaf Morphological Features of Capsicum annum L. cv. ‘Alexander’ under Yeast and Caffeine Tested as Bio-fertilizers
Get PDFBio-fertilizers are in the present more and more of interest as alternative nutritive inputs. This research aim was to test different doses of yeast and caffeine on pepper growth and chlorophyll content. The experiment in controlled conditions consisted of 8 phytocosms treatments with 3 yeast and caffeine doses 1%, 2%, and 3%, one mixed treatment (2%), and the control treatment in five replications. The yeast addition promoted all the tested morphological parameters especially the middle dose tested. Caffeine treatments induced a slow growth of pepper vegetative period, even a delayed development compared with the control treatment. In conclusion, the mixed treatment was the most efficient pepper bio-fertilizer and provided the highest values of leaf length, width, seedling height, and also total chlorophyll content
The Effects of Heavy Metals on Soil Biology
Get PDFHeavy metal pollution is a global environmental issue threatening food security and the environment. It is caused by the rapid growth of agriculture and industry. The development of new industries and the increasing number of people have also contributed to the rise in these conditions. Heavy metals that contaminate soils are mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr), these toxic substances are retained by the soil and act as a filter for their properties. The aim of this paper was to review the impact of heavy metals on soil, as well as the methods to combat their toxicity in agricultural ones. In order to achieve this goal, data belonging to national and international databases were used (Science Direct, NCBI). The finding of different strategies to combat pollution, particularly on the soil represented the goals for the majority of the studies. As such, bioremediation is a promising choice to reduce heavy metal concentrations
Liquorice: The Sweetener with Medicinal Properties
Get PDFThe incorporation of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) in foods not only introduces its distinctive sweetness but also highlights its extensive historical use in medicine, showcasing its versatility in enhancing flavours while resonating its therapeutic heritage in foods. With a rich background in traditional healing practices, liquorice stands as a botanical treasure, boasting an impressive array of medicinal properties. Beyond its medicinal recognition, liquorice serves as a natural sweetener, gaining popularity for seamlessly blending into various food products, imparting a unique and delightful flavour profile. This review discuss the dual role of liquorice as both a medicinal plant and a crucial sweetening agent in foods, elucidating its enhancement of taste while satisfying the contemporary consumer desire for reduced sugar content in food product
The Use of Plant Extracts Against Straw Cereals Diseases
Get PDFStraw cereals plants are constantly exposed and threatened to many pathogens throughout the growing season that affect their development, yield capacity and quality. The most used method of controlling cereal pathogens is the application of fungicides. However, pathogens have been observed to develop resistance to active substances contained in plant protection products. To reduce the use of conventional crop protection products and improve food and feed safety, there is increasing interest in the use of natural, more environmentally friendly plant-based compounds (i.e. botanicals) to control fungal diseases. Those are derived from plants belonging to different families and are either used as plant extracts, essential oils or both. Plant extracts are effective bioagents against a wide range of plant pathogens, i.e. fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens. Oils obtained from plant seeds have also been used to control plant pathogens. Globally, there are approximately 2500 species from 235 plant families that are effective in controlling diseases and pests. Botanicals based on preparations from medicinal and aromatic plants have high potential for the control of various fungal pathogens. Frequent examples include garlic (Allium sativum), caraway (Carum carvi), fern tree (Jacaranda mimosifolia), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), sage (Salvia fruticosa), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), neem (Azadirachta indica), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globolus), bojho (Acorus calamus) and asuro (Justicia adhatoda) against fungal pathogens from the genera Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Bipolaris, Penicillium and Puccinia
Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor Activity - a review
Get PDFSoybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important source of protein for food and feed globally. Complete utilization of protein in human and animal digestion can be reduced by certain trypsin inhibitory (TI) substances present in fresh soybeans. Two classes of protease inhibitors (polypeptides) are found in soybeans: Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) and Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor (BBI). KTI is primarily responsible for its trypsin inhibitory activity, while BBI has been reported to have nutraceutical properties. The content of TI in soybean depends on the soybean genotype, environmental factors and/or applied technology, especially nitrogen fertilization. The content of TIA in soybeans can be between 18.6 and 74.8 mg inhibited trypsin/g soybean meal, with an average value of 45.9 mg. Genotypes with values above 12 mg/g flour can be called "high KTI" genotypes, and those with content below 6 mg/g flour can be called "low KTI". Researchers have studied the possibilities of reducing these inhibitors. Of these, the most used are thermal methods (boiling, autoclaving, microwave treatment and heating in the oven), but also germination-sprouting leads to a decrease in TI and also fermentation. In this review we present the most important results in the determination of trypsin inhibitors and ways to reduce their content