Publicatii USAMV Cluj-Napoca (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine / Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară din Cluj-Napoca)
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Study on the Adaptability of some Sorghum Hybrids in the Pedoclimatic Conditions of Jucu, Cluj County
Get PDFIn the current context of global warming, the sustainable development of agriculture can be achieved by expanding the areas cultivated with drought-tolerant plants with high production potential. Sorghum caryopsis, to be intended for human consumption and animal feed, must be free of phytopathogenic agents and meet a series of essential quality conditions. Unfortunately, in unfavourable storage conditions (too high temperature and humidity), caryopsis is attacked by a wide spectrum of pathogens (Fusarium, Alternaria).
In this context, the aim of our study is to evaluate the adaptability and productive potential of six sorghum hybrids, identification of pathogens presents on sorghum caryopsis, their quality indices, as well as mycotoxin content. From the data obtained from the notes, observations and analyzes carried out, we can conclude that the percentage of sick caryopses was high in all the hybrids analysed, the microorganisms identified on the caryopses belonged to the genus Fusarium and Alternaria and the mycotoxin content was very low in all the hybrids analysed. This research highlighted the importance of Sorghum which becomes an alternative because it needs only half of the rainfall required by corn (it succeeds even when there is less than 350 mm annual rainfall), being able to replace the corn crop when there are conditions for a poor corn crop
Barley Grains and Barley Grass – Nutritional Value and Therapeutic Potential
Get PDFHumans are continuously exposed to dangers that threaten their health due to the ready availability of unhealthy foods containing synthetic additives, as well as exposure to free radicals produced by cigarette smoking, alcohol, radiation, or environmental toxins. This fact has raised concerns among consumers, leading to an increased interest in healthy nutrition and a healthy lifestyle. Beneficial compounds such as β-glucan, tocols, and resistant starch are abundant in barley grains. Epidemiological studies consistently demonstrate that regular consumption of whole grain barley reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases. These health benefits are largely attributed to the presence of barley fibre, particularly β-glucan, in whole grain barley. Additionally, barley grass is considered the only plant on Earth that can provide complete nutritional support from birth to old age. Young barley grass has been found to have different nutritional content compared to mature barley grains, offering unique healing effects and slowing down the aging process of cells. This review aims to highlight the significant nutritional value and health benefits of both barley grains and barley grass
Maize and Its Use in Human Food
Get PDFMaize is an important source of nutrition that also plays an important role in preventing chronic diseases. Maize is used in both human and animal feed. To improve the biochemical content, remarkable results have been obtained in terms of improving the content with starch (amylose and amylopectin), proteins (lysine, tryptophan, carotenoids), sugars or oil. The inbred lines from the Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda germplasm collection, with an increased content in the previously mentioned components, are used in maize breeding programs, both for thei mprovement of the inbred lines uses as the parental genotypes, through the use of backcrossing, and for the creation of new hybrids, superior from a qualitative point of view
Determining the Toxicity of Thyme Essential Oils against Sitophilus granarius L. and Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Adults
Get PDFThe present study aimed to determine the effects of three different doses of three thyme essential oils on Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The present study was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions (25°C temperature and 65% relative humidity) in 2020. Various thyme varieties (Origanum majorona (L.), Origanum saccatum P.H. Davis, Thymbra spicata var spicata L. ( Lamiaceae)), cultivated in Diyarbakır province ecological conditions were employed in the study. After the 4th day of the experiment, the highest mortality rates (100%) were observed with the highest doses of T. spicata var spicata and O. majarona on S. granarius adults, while the mortality rate was 73.75% with O. saccatum. The LC90 values for T. spicata var. spicata, O. majarona, and O. saccatum were 0.9, 0.1, and 1.3 µl/ml respectively. After the 4th day, 100% S. oryzae adult mortality was observed with higher doses of O. majarona (0.5%; 1% v/v), while 1% (v/v) T. spicata var spicata dose led to a 72.50%, and 1% (v/v) O. saccatum oil dose led to 46.25% mortality
The Behavior of Some Alternative Crops Under the Synergic Effect of Soil Work and Climate Conditions in the Eastern Area of Romania
Get PDFWater and thermal stress accentuated in the last decade, hinder farmers from obtaining rich and balanced harvests in the quality-quantity ratio. Thus, it is studied to carry out minimal soil work and to cultivate a wide range of agricultural species that have increased adaptability to climate changes. Dry farming is one of those working systems that allow the exploration of several combinations of soil works and rarely cultivated plants that can replace conventional crops. The present experiment was carried out to observe the influence of tillage on the yield of some alternative types of grassy cereals cultivated under water and thermal stress conditions in the eastern part of Romania, in the 2020-2022 agricultural years, at A.R.D.S., Braila. Rye and triticale crops were sown in three repetitions for each tillage: L1 – Plow (control), L2 – Paraplow, L3 – Scarifier, L4 – Heavy Disc, and L5 – No Tillage. The 2020-2021 agricultural year was rich in precipitation, therefore the difference in yields, for L2, L3, and L4 tillage compared to control - L1, was between -540 kg/ha and +267 kg/ha for the rye crop and between 0 - 535 kg/ha for triticale crop. Climatic conditions influenced yields, especially for triticale crops
A Review of the Artemisia Species with Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Potential
Get PDFHerbal medicines are useful in the treatment of a wide range of illnesses. Considering their potential for strong therapeutic values and acceptability by patients with a variety of health issues, herbal medicines offer therapeutic benefits. Herbal medicine uses a plant's whole, a portion of it, or a specific isolated phytoconstituent. The modern era's quest for novel medications sparked a renewed interest in the discovery of herbal medications derived from various natural resources. The pharmaceutical business has been more interested in finding new natural medications in recent years. However, the identification of active ingredients, their characterisation, pharmacological activity, toxicity/adverse effects, medication interactions, and, most significantly, their regulatory requirements present a number of problems in the discovery of such new innovative phytomedicines. The historical use and current developments in phytochemistry of specific Artemisia species, along with their corresponding therapeutic, insecticidal, and nutritive qualities, thorough phytochemical and pharmacological research and their long-term preservation will produce trustworthy compounds with pharmacological significance for improved medical treatment
New Record of Invasive Species, the Lime Seed Bug, Oxycarenus lavaterae Fabricius 1787 (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) in Romania
Get PDFOxycarenus lavaterae Fabricius (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), the lime seed bug or the Mediterranean bug, is an invasive species in urban areas, which colonizes mainly the lime trees, Tilia spp. (Tilia cordata Miller, Tillia americana Linné, Tilia platyphyllos Scopoli, Tilia x europaea Linné, etc.) in parks, gardens and street alignments. The insects feeds on lime trees with seeds and form large aggregations on tree trunks. The bug is invasive, spreading from warm Mediterranian and Afrotropical regions to many european countries. Also is recorded on other plant species belonging to Tilliaceae and Malvaceae families, especially on shrubs and trees. The studies concerning the record and identification of lime seed bug were carried out in 2020-2023 in Cluj-Napoca (Romania). The insects have been observed on large groups as aggregation overwintering covered the trunks and branches of Tilia cordata Miller and than collected, identified, prepared and photographed with the corresponding description
The Response to Natural Infections with Erwinia amylovora Burrill of Five Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) Cultivars in Bistrița Area, Romania
Get PDFErwinia amylovora is the most damaging bacterial disease of quince, causing a lot of damage to this crop. In cases of severe infections, this disease could even cause the death of the tree. The climatic conditions in Bistrita region were favourable for fire blight outbreak in 2022, and gave us the opportunity to study the differences manifested by five quince cultivars ('Aromate', 'Aurii' 'Bereczki', 'Adonia' and 'Cedonia') when naturally infected with Erwinia amylovora Burrill. The second wave of infections, in September, was significantly less damaging than the first one which occurred in June. Overall, after assessing the frequency of the blighted shoots of the mentioned quince cultivars, in June and in September of the year 2022, we concluded that there were significant differences between responses to natural infection Erwinia amylovora of these cultivars. The data showed that the cultivars 'Aromate' and 'Aurii' have a better behaviour than the Hungarian cultivar 'Bereczki', while the Romanian cultivars 'Adonia' and 'Cedonia' appeared to be very susceptible under the climatic conditions of the year 2022 in Bistrita area
Sequence Analysis of nrDNA ITS Region in Paşa and Şah Apple (Malus × domestica) Genotypes
Get PDFIn this study, phylogenetic analysis of Şah and Paşa apple genotypes was performed using nrDNA ITS sequences. After the plant leaves were brought to the laboratory, gDNAs were obtained by genomic DNA isolation method. PCR amplification was performed using primers ITS4 and ITS5A. ITS sequences of some apple and Rosaceae species were retrieved from NCBI, bioinformatics analyzes were made with Bioedit 7.2.3, Finch TV 1.4.0 and MEGA 6.0 programs and phylogenetic trees were constructed. In the study, ITS sequence length of the Paşa apple genotype was 656 bp, and the ITS sequence length of the Şah apple genotype was 649 bp. Only in the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree constructed using sequences of apple genotypes, Paşa and Şah apple genotypes appeared in the same clade as Malus domestica cultivar="Casciana'' and Malus domestica cultivar="Rotella''. In the phylogenetic tree generated including other species belonging to the Rosaceae family; apple genotypes Pyrus, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Sorbus, Eriobotrya and Prunus were detected in a same clade. Overall results clearly suggested that the ITS sequences were both suitable for differentiation between the selected genera and were compatible with previous phylogenetic studies
Reconsideration of Barley in Human Food From the Aspect of Digestive Fiber Content
Get PDFBarley belongs to the genus Hordeum and can be considered one of the oldest cultivated plants, its cultivation being mentioned in the Bible. In human nutrition, barley is used in the form of flakes, sprouts, green juice, pasta, tortillas, puddings or various pastry products. Grains of barley grains (Hordeum vulgare L.) are a valuable source of β-glucan, and its incorporation into products on cereal base also contributes to the intake of other bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds. One of the most complex and complete combination of minerals and vitamins develops in young green barley plants. Regular consumption of hulless barley contributes on maintaining cholesterol at a normal level, beneficial in preventing certain types of cancer such as colon cancer and also in preventing diabetes by regulating glucose and insulin. Green barley is recommended in naturist medicine for the treatment of more than 40 conditions, from cancer, digestive, pulmonary, circulatory and serious nervous diseases. Green barley should not be missing from the diet of people with various health conditions and not only that