Publicatii USAMV Cluj-Napoca (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine / Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară din Cluj-Napoca)
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The Growth and Development of the Potato According to their Variety in the Central Area of Romania
Get PDFIn Europe, the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was first cultivated in botanical gardens. Currently, in our country, special emphasis is placed on potato cultivation, especially in the central area of the country. In Romania, potato consumption is high, being considered ”the second bread” by the entire population. In this study, the capacity of growth and development for some potato varieties was observed, to highlight their suitability in the central area of Romania. Four varieties of potatoes as certified seed tubers were used in this study (`Productiv`, `Alouette`, `Salad Blue` and `Paradiso`). Varieties were provided by the Potato Research - Development Station from Romania. During the vegetation period, the following criterias were monitorized: the height of the main stem, the number of principal stems, the number of leaves on the main stem, the length of the median leaf on the main stem and the chlorophyll content of the leaves. The three potato varieties (`Alouette`, `Salad Blue` and `Paradiso`), were grown under the same conditions as the control (`Productiv`), in Sibiu county, Romania. Following the measurements and their interpretation from a statistical point of view, it was demonstrated that the `Alouette` variety had the best growth and development
The Microbial Necrobiome Involved in the Soil Decomposition Process
Get PDFSoil microorganisms play a key role in carbon and nutrient cycling processes, which includes the creation and decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). At the same time, microorganisms use organic C as an energy source, for their development, and to support their functions. Based on our literature search we identified only one model proposed to date for necromass cycle which includes four key stages of the necromass continuum: production, recycling, stabilization, and destabilization. We further scrutinized factors to better understand/explain the processes related to this vital cycle. Microbial necromass is a significant and enduring part of the soil organic carbon (SOC), which is the primary C reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems. Assessing microbial necromass C stocks and understanding how they respond to global changes has become a standard approach in soil C cycle research. Nevertheless, the conventional proxies used to estimate necromass C levels do not provide insights into the dynamic processes and transformations that occur within the soil, ultimately shaping the persistence of microbial necromass
Camellia sinensis L. (Green Tea): Bioactive Compounds and Pharmacological Properties – A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFMedicinal plants have become increasingly preferred over drugs due to the sense of well-being they promote, thanks to their rich content in bioactive compounds with many health benefits, as well as their lack of adverse effects compared to pharmaceuticals. At the same time, they can relieve the symptoms of some conditions and also contribute to the prevention of various chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Camellia sinensis L., known as the plant from which green, black, and oolong teas are obtained, as well as other varieties, is one of the most famous medicinal plants, bringing a multitude of benefits to the human body, mainly through the compounds in its leaves, the largest proportion being represented by catechins, a type of polyphenol recognized for their strong antioxidant properties. EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate), the most important and abundant catechin, is known for its ability to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress.Although less studied, the flowers of this plant are also rich in bioactive compounds found in the leaves, along with unique compounds but also others with multiple therapeutic properties. Research indicates that the regular consumption of green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) significantly enhances life quality and promotes longevity by lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer, including colorectal and gastric cancers
Valorisation of Oregano Essential Oil to Improve the Quality of Whey Cheeses
Get PDFAlthough whey has long been considered a by-product of no major value, today it is recognized for its rich nutritional content and the ability to add diversity and benefits to the daily diet. Modern technologies and innovations in the field of whey processing allow turning it into a valuable product, providing nutritional benefits and a delicate taste that can be easily integrated into a variety of products. The objective of this research was to obtain an innovative product, a whey cheese with sensory properties and a high nutritional value by incorporating oregano essential oil (Origanum vulgare) in the cheese obtained, the analysis of the product and the evaluation of the preservation effect of oregano essential oil. Three types of whey cheese (’’urda’’cheese) were produced: the control ’’urda’’ cheese with no addition (UM); ’’urda’’ cheese with 0.01% addition of oregano essential oil (UO1); and ’’urda’’cheese with 0.02% addition of oregano essential oil (UO2). Analyses of the finished product concerned fats, acidity, E. coli, the number of yeasts and molds and coagulase-positive staphylococci. The sample with 0.02% oregano essential oil was found to be the most appreciated, followed by the control sample, which took second place, and finally, the sample with 0.01% oregano essential oil. The control sample recorded a greater increase of acidity relative to UO2, which is due to the antimicrobial activity of oregano essential oil. After determining the fat content and the total dry matter, lower values were determined in the sample with added essential oil (0.02%) compared to the control sample. For yeasts and molds, a much more moderate increase is observed in the sample with the addition of 0.02% essential oil
Research on Row Spacing and Sowing Period Influence on Rapeseed Production Parameters
Get PDFRapeseed (Brassica napus L.), is an important annual species from the Brassicaceae family, being related to plants such as mustard, broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage. It is a plant with uses in various fields, especially in oil production. The study was carried out at the Jucu plant station in Cluj County. Two canola cultivation parameters were considered: row spacing and sowing time. The impact of these two characteristics was studied on rapeseed growth and development. Row spacing was established using the following intervals: 25 cm, 37.5 cm and 50 cm. A McCormick Cmax100 tractor with 3-body reversible Vogel plow and Kverneland rotary harrow was used to prepare the seedbed. Sowing was done with the Winterstaiger experimental seeder in three periods: August 20, August 30 and September 10. All data were collected and presented statistically in tables. Branch number, plant height and silique mass were influenced by row spacing and sowing time
The Cypress Jewel Beetle Lamprodila Festiva Linné, 1767 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an Invasive Major Pest of Thuja Occidentalis Linné in Romania
Get PDFThe invasive species called the cypress jewel beetle, Lampodila festiva Linné (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a major pest in urban areas, infesting the white cedar, Thuja occidentalis Linné (Cupressales: Cupressaceae), in parks, gardens, nurseries and hedges. The insects develops in wood, affecting the trees by galleries made by larvae inside. The invasion of the beetle was growing faster in the last years, migrating from its native area of Mediteranean region, including parts of Northern Africa, to the Southern and Western Europe, then in the Central and Eastern countries. The studies were carried out in 2017-2024 in Cluj-Napoca (Romania), in different area of the city (11 locations) and in laboratory conditions. The insects have been observed and collected from the colonized plants of white cedar, Thuja occidentalis Linné and then photographed and studied with the corresponding description
Plant Growth and Development in Relation to Phosphorus: A review
Get PDFPhosphorus (P) deficiency is a primal limiting factor for crop yields, particularly during the early developmental phase. This nutritious element plays a key role in several physiological mechanisms such as seed and fruit formation, respiration, photosynthesis, energy storage, and transfer, cell division, cell enlargement, and many other processes in the plant. Part of P applied to soil as fertilizer is could be into insoluble forms, rendering it unavailable to plants and causing environmental pollution. Therefore, increasing p absorption ability by plants appears to be critical for increasing agricultural productivity and decreasing pollution. Improving the crops P use efficiency (PUE) could be an effective method to increase P uptake. The maximum PUE is observed where nutrient supply via chemical fertilizer is the lowest level. This review discussed the significance of plant growth, yield quality, and PUE
A Research - Civil Society Joint Approach for Soil Conservation in High Natural Value Areas
Get PDFSince the existing information on soils level of fertility in the High Natural Value (HNV) eligible area is scarce, a partnership was concluded between a mixed team of soil scientists and civil society environmentalists within the frame of a research project aiming to: (i) appraise the stakeholders perception and views on the importance of soil conservation and environmental friendly land management, (ii) assess the level of fertility in HNV eligible areas and start building-up the first national HNV soil data base and (iii) identify the most relevant soil indicators for designing an expeditious HNV soil monitoring system. The results revealed the strong agreement of the civil society on the recently issued agricultural policies supporting practices under agri-environment measures and a fair existing level of the soil conservation under HNV practices, as long as land and soil careful administration and resource-efficient management are constantly pursued.  
Research of the Influence of Agrophytotehnical Works on Rapeseed Production Parameters
Get PDFTwo tillage systems were studied between 2022 and 2023 in Grebenișu de Câmpie and near Ungheni city (Mureș County, Romania) and their impact at growth and production parameters of rapeseed crop. Also, for each tillage system, the growth plant parameters have been monitorized. One of the studied tillage systems was conventional, including stubble cultivation followed by ploughing at 25 cm depth. The second tillage system was minimum tillage, using a trailed field cultivator for soil preparation, at a depth of 20-25 cm, one day before seeding. In both tillage systems, power harrow was used before seeding. During the growth stages of rapeseed, the plants were analyzed and compared for each tillage system and for each field from Ungheni area and from Grebenișu de Câmpie. The morphological characters were analyzed in laboratory. All colected data were statistycal represented in tables by location and by tillage system. In the variant with conventional plough, average height, number of branches, stem thickness and root development were smaller than in the fileds with minimum tillage. Regarding the morphological characters of plants, a significant difference was determined in the height and the number of plant branches, the values were higher at minimum tillage system
Methods for Obtaining and Analysing Extracts of Sambucus nigra
Get PDFThe elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) is known for its high anthocyanin content and strong antioxidant activity, which is why multiple extraction methods are being analysed to choose the most favourable method considering both economic and environmental aspects for extracting the analysed plant matrix. The extract obtained must exhibit a certain stability to be included in various food products as a colorant without losing its beneficial properties on the product. This work aims to select the most suitable extraction methods for the analysed plant matrix to achieve the most beneficial results