Publicatii USAMV Cluj-Napoca (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine / Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară din Cluj-Napoca)
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STUDY OF SOME PRODUCTION AND QUALITY INDEX ON SOME WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES CREATED AT ARDS TURDA
Get PDFWheat occupies the largest area under cultivation due to its importance. In the Transylvanian Plateau conditions at ARDS Turda were have been conducted a series of experiments which aimed to highlight the way that most effectively leverages wheat the pedo-climatic conditions in terms of the application of different doses of fertilizers. Thus we studied the 10 wheat varieties 3 varieties (Arieșan, Apullum and Turda 2000) created at ARDS Turda and the other on other research stations in Romania following the way they have used certain production - quality indicators. The 10 varieties were placed in polifactorial experience over two years in 2013 respectively 2014. Was used the balanced grid method in six repetitions which allowed them to study the application of two doses of fertilizer 250 kg/ha N 50 P 50 K 0 and 200 kg/ha N 66. In the autumn after sowing were applied 250 kg/ha N 50 P 50 K 0 for the first 3 repetitions and repetitions in spring 4.5 and 6 was applied fertilizer dose of 200 kg/ha N 66. In the two years 2013 and 2014 the 10 experimental varieties responded differently to environmental conditions and fertilizers as revealed in the interpretation of data using statistical models that varieties created in the conditions of ARDS Turda have the best balance in terms that the production quality
The Influence of Humic Fertilizer on Soybean Yield and Economic Efficiency in Moldavian Plateau
Get PDFThis study aimed to quantify the influence of a humic fertilizer (Lignohumate) on the productivity elements, yield and economic efficiency on soybean. The tested humic fertilizer contains chelate micronutrients and is free of ballast, acting as incentive for growth and as anti-stress agent for plants. The experimental field was located at the Ezăreni Farm, Iasi (47° 5'-47° 10 'N, 27° 28'-27° 33' E longitude), on a 3-4% slope land, cambic chernozem clay loam soil, with medium content of N and P2O and good content of K2O. The pH is slightly acidic and the humus content is around 2.5-3.0%. A treatment on seeds with a dose of 100 g/10 l of water/t of seeds and three treatments on vegetation (2-3 leafs stage, before and after flowering) with a dose of 60 g/ha/300 l of water were applied. The results after three experimental years showed a positive influence of the Lignohumate treatments, the differences compared to the control (untreated) being statistically assured, both for the yield and the productivity elements. The economic efficiency of the fertilizer use was influenced by climatic conditions of the experimental years, in the normal years regarding the climatic conditions (2010 and 2011), there has been a profit and in 2012, considered to be extremely dry, the losses were reduced with 2.7% at the treated variant, compared to the untreated control
Detection of Antagonistic Activity of Bacteria Against Phytophthora infestans and Pythium debaryanum
Get PDFThe main objective of the present paper was to determine the inhibitory effect of several bacteria against two major phytopathogens like Phytophthora infestans ans Pythium debaryanum. The main interest was to observe the interactions between the secondary metabolites synthesized by bacteria in the presence of the oomycetes and in the absence of them. The methods used for susceptibility detection were the diffusion method and the radial method with wells. After the preliminary observations, 8 bacteria were detected to have inhibitory effect against Phytophthora infestans, but the development of Pythium debaryanum wasn`t inhibited by any bacteria. The second part of the experiment was to prepare a mixture containing the 8 bacteria which were able to inhibit the Phytophthora infestans development and to be tested in greenhouse conditions. We were able to obtain good results even in these conditions, the late blight development being inhibited in proportion of 60%
Faunistic Study of Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Banat Region, Romania
Get PDFLadybirds (Coccinellidae) are a popular, widely recognized and highly regarded insect group due to their bright color and role in controlling insect pests (Gordon, 1985). Worldwide nearly 6000 species are known (Vandenberg, 2002). From systematic point of view, ladybeetles belonging to Class Insecta, Subclass Pterygota, Order Coleoptera, Suborder Polyphaga, Superfamily Cucujoidea anf Family Coccinellidae. Coccinellids are of interest and importance in agriculture and forestry, since adults and larvae of most species are predators of herbivorous pests such aphids, psyllids, mealy bugs and scale insects (Obrycki and Kring, 1998). The aim of this research regarding coccinellid beetles was to explore, identify and also characterize the coccinellid fauna of the Banat region (Romania). The coccinellid beetles were collected from March 2013 to September 2014 from 4 localities at different altitudes in the Banat region. Samples were collected at weekly interval from a wide variety of habitats: agricultural land, gardens and parks, both on herbaceous and woody essences. In this study a total of 15 species belonging to 11 genera and 3 subfamilies were identified. In the investigated habitats from the entomofaunistic point of view, the coccinelid species identified were as follows: Coccinella 5 - punctata L., Coccinella 7 - punctata L., Coccinulla 14 - pustulata L., Tythaspis 17 - punctata L., Adalia 2 - punctata L., Adalia 10 - punctata L., Propylaea 14 - punctata L., Subcoccinella 24 - punctata L., Psylobora 22 - punctata L., Hippodamia tredecimpunctata L., Adonia variegate Goeze., Harmonia axyridis Pallas., Calvia decimguttata L., Chilocorus bipustulatus L. and Chilocorus renipustulatus Scriba. Seven species were the most abundant and could be observed in the investigated area every year
Studies on the Influence of Active Substances from Medicinal Plants on Some Pathogen of Wheat Crops
Get PDFPlant extracts used to control of the phytopathogens have been obtained mainly from Coriandrum sativum, Artemisia absinthium, Capsicum annuum, Ocimum basilicum, Althaea officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Lycopersicon esculentum, Calendula officinalis, Mentha piperita, Tagetes patula. Rosmarinus officinalis, Achillea millefolium, Urtica dioica, in different doses of extracts. Inseminations were performed with the wheat pathogens cultured in the laboratory and we studied the influence of plant extracts on the development of microorganisms. Measurements were performed on cultures of microorganisms and microscopic counts accurate
STUDY OF SEED GERMINATION AT VIOLA TRICOLOR L. (PANSY)
Get PDFViola tricolor L. species, originates from the temperate zones of Europe and Asia. In Romania it grows in the mountainous and subalpine areas, in wet meadows, hayfields, near the edges of forests and stony grounds. The raw material is the entire aerial part of the plant (Violae tricloloris herba or Jaceae herba), rootless and harvested at flowering. The product contains triterpenoid saponins, mucilages, salicylic acid esters, anthocyanin pigments, volatile oil, tannin, mineral salts. The presence of Viola tricolor saponosides and rutoside, acts as diuretic-and depurative and expectorant. It has anti-allergic and laxative actions. In the case of Viola tricolor L. seeds, originating in Germany, both the energy and germinative faculty decline with the age of seeds. Of the three types of substrates studied, the best proved to be variant V1 (peat) that showed the best sprouting of Viola tricolor L plants
Contributions to the Development of a Crop Growth Model for Assessing Grass-Legume Interactions
Get PDFCrop growth and development, as well as ecophysiological assessments, can be obtained directly from field experiments, but only a finite set of variables can be studied in this way. A model used to simulate the biological efficiency cycle considering the soil-plant-climate system is essential in assessing the associated fluctuations due to year-to-year variability of the climate, or for testing the effect of various cropping practices. Models that simulate crop growth were developed, on one hand, to predict the yields, and on the other hand to analyze the impacts of agricultural practices on environment and productivity. The aims of this study were to develop a crop simulation model, coupled with experimental work on phenotypic and physiological mechanisms and their interactions in binary associations of perennial legumes and grasses. A logical flow diagram to conceive and interact for prototyping was built. Experimental data comprising crop growth values required for simulation were implemented as variables in each specific module. The diagrammatic model helped to assess the components of the LabVIEW software application as state variables, auxiliary variables, processes and parameters. At individual level, interspecific competition capacity depends on the deployment efficiency of morphological organs specialized to gain resources. Crop models could use the added structural detail by incorporating detailed routines of light interception and resource allocation to respond to spatial variations of local conditions that result from species growth within mixed canopy
Application of Low-Cost Adsorbents for Pesticide Removal
Get PDFPesticides released from agricultural practices are an important class of pollutants due to their reported toxicity even at trace levels. Therefore, pesticides removal is an increasing concern. Among various treatment methods, adsorption is supposed as the best one due to its inexpensiveness, universal nature and ease of operation. This review highlights and provides an overview of the use of cheap and non-pollutant materials as an viable alternative for pesticide and their metabolite adsorption process and removal technology. However, there is a lack of data on field scale application for testing of adsorption units using single biosorbents and their combinations to recover pesticides from soil-water system. This work describes a global assessment of the equilibrium modeling of biosorption processes as well as the structural, chemical and morphological modification and activation of biosorbents
Physiological Reactions of Sunflower Plants to Different Spices of Selenium
Get PDFSelenium (Se) is an example of an essential element becoming more and more insufficient in food crops as a result of intensive plant production in many countries. Se is an essential biological micronutrient in diet of animals and humans, and plant foods are important sources of dietary Se. It is an essential constituent of several enzymes in which it is present in the form of the unusual amino acid selenocysteine (SeCys). Then, engineering food crops to accumulate higher levels of Se would provide adequate Se to target population. In this study, two species of soluble inorganic selenium forms, selenite (SeIV) and selenate (SeVI) at different concentrations were investigated on sunflower plants that were growing in nutrient solutions during 3 weeks and at the end of the experiment, amounts of SLA for first and second leaves of sunflower were measured. In accordance with the results that we observed, our regarded Se concentrations in SeIV form have not been had positive effect on sunflower plants. Whereas samples that had been treated with 0.3 mg.L-1 SeVI, had the high SLA amount and for second leaves, this increase was significantly. Although high level of 0.9 mg.L-1 and 3 mg.L-1 SeVI had negative affect on growth of the samples that had been treated by them
Research on degradation processes by soil erosion in the Plapcea catchment, OLT County
Get PDFThe soil in his complexity can be understood in terms of the known and the particular natural environment in which it developed and evolved. He is a real natural history, which appears as a summary plan knowledge organically bound constants and subsequently pedogenetical development environment other items.This paper presents a study of soils from Plapcea Basin area, covering 25,000 ha, located in the south of the country, in its Cotmeana Piedmont, Piedmont subdivision.The soil cover of Piedmont Cotmeana first observations belong to Murgoci and collaborators (1910), these two areas of soils mentioning: the reddish brown soil, much expanded to actual representation and the podzols. Physical and geographical conditions of the area, parental materials, sediment soil formation and composition of various size clay deposits, of which only clay (< 0.002 mm) over 55 %, lead to accelerated erosion of these soils. Based on the study of the natural and the coating of soil erosion intensity was translated into a map of soil erosion occurs as the limiting factor in terms of slope relief, which aside hundreds of acres of land