Publicatii USAMV Cluj-Napoca (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine / Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară din Cluj-Napoca)
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Results Regarding Control of Species Monathropalpus buxi Geoff by Capturing Adults with Colored Traps
Get PDFTo control Monarthorpalpus buxi Geoff. species, the main pest of Buxus plants, in addition to chemical treatments an alternative method can be used for mass capture of adults with colored panels. In the area of Cluj-Napoca, in 2012-2013 was tested the effectiveness of this method. In this experiment was tested efficacy of white, blue, yellow and green panels. Of the 39603 adults captured during the two years, 36.4% were on green panels; 33.7% were on yellow panels; 24.1% were on white panels; 5.8% were on blue panels. Compared to the version where we did not apply any method of control, mass capture of Monarthropalpus buxi Geoff. adults with colored panels, attack frequency decreased at a rate of about 88% in 2012 (frequency of infested leaves was 8.61% compared to 70.78% in control variant) and 90% in 2013 (frequency of infested leaves was 7.67% compared to 77.36% in control variant)
Research on the Influence of Density and Fertilization Concerning the Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Hibrids Quality on the Cambic Chernozem from Fundulea
Get PDFResearch was done in an experimental field of NARDI Fundulea, not irrigated variant, the main purpose being the influence of density and fertilization on the production quality of three sunflower hybrids (a1 - Performer; a2 - KWS Barolo RO; a3 - PR64A89). Concerning the plant density, they were used two variants, respectively c1 of 50,000 plants/ha, and c2 of 60,000 plants/ha. Other significant factors were the climate and soil conditions. In the area, the experimental conditions are characterized by the transition from steppe to forest steppe that allows especially the formation of cambic chernozem category soil. The quality data processing was performed following the analysis in the laboratory of sunflower seeds, yielded as samples of 750 g. After removing the impurities they have been determined 1000GrainWeight, hl mass, and the seeds oil content in the conditions of 2012 year climate
Aleurocanthus Spiniferus (Quaintance) (Orange Spiny Whitefly,Osw) (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) an Alien Pest Invading Southern Italy
Get PDFThe presence of Aleurocanthusspiniferusis reported in Apulia from April 2008. This polyphagous whitefly is now spreading northward and invading new territories.This paper refers about recently occupied areas detailing local and urban outbreaks and population density per host plant species.We use digital camera-equipped stereoscope and Cryo-SEM on the laboratory and direct observation on the field.We note the presence of A. Spiniferus in Puglia region and we depict the invasion of agricultural and urban areas.The overall behaviour and ecological preferences of the alien pest are discussed in view of its available means of control
Influence of Some Abiotic Risk Factors on Parental Forms in Some Registered Corn Hybrids (Zea mays, L)
Get PDFCorn is one of the most important crops, and yield may be affected by risks that manifest more strongly in recent years. In hybrid seed production activity, these risks are even greater importance for breeder and for hybrid seed multiplier. Considering the risks mentioned, the objectives are to test the reaction of certain genotypes in different phenophases with manifestation of abiotic factors (low temperatures and hail). Genotypes analyzed were parental forms of hybrids homologated by ARDS Turda, and inbred lines used in the creation of hybrids. The analyzed risk factors were frost in phenophases of 5-6 leaves and 7-8 leaves, and we simulated a soft hail in 8-10 leaves and after pollination, an average hail, a “defoliation” of 50% of the leaves and “defoliation” of 80-90% of the leaves. The effect of frost was almost insignificant in first phenophase, yield losses to 8% in hybrids, and 12% in inbred lines. In the second phenological phase, low temperatures losses of 51% in hybrids, and 70% in inbred lines. Hail causes insignificant losses before pollination of 1% in hybrids and 0.5% in inbred lines. Instead total defoliation of hail, produce 71% losses in hybrids, and 70% in inbred lines. If the phenomena occurring in the later phenophases, both hybrids and inbred lines respond negatively in terms of yield, thousand grain weight, and corn cob yield. For inbred lines, negative temperatures have a stronger effect compared to hail. For both hybrids and inbred lines, hail caused a greater damage compared with frost
The Effect of Salinity Stress on Seed Germination of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Varieties
Get PDFSalinity is one of the environmental factors that has a critical influence on the germination of seeds and plant establishment. Salinity affects imbibition, germination and root elongation. However, the way in which NaCl exerts its influence on these vital processes, whether it is through an osmotic effect or a specific ion toxicity, is still not resolved. The objective of this study was to compare the salinity tolerance of two varieties of red clover (Select 2 and Rotrif) and two varietis of alfalfa (Mihaela and Mădălina). In our study we used five salinity treatments 0 (control) (C1), 50 (C1), 100 (C2), 150 (C3) and 300mM NaCl (C4) on normal seeds and seeds inoculated with rhizobia. 100 seeds of each variety used in the study were grown in germinating dishes on filter papers with four replications. The results showed that by increasing of the salinity level, germinated seeds number, root, shoot and seedling length, mean daily germination (MDG) and seedling length vigor index (SLVI) decreased, while daily germination speed (DGS) increased in all studied varieties. Mean germination time increased with increasing NaCl level. As the salt concentration increased, germination percentage decreased in all varieties, moreover, seeds could not germinate in 300 mM NaCl, but the seeds who were bacterized germinated in a very small percentage, and the germs were abnormal
THE DISTRIBUTION OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES ON DANUBE RIVER BEETWEN CALARASI AND BRAILA
Get PDFThe presence of the aquatic vegetation, besides the creation of normal conditions for growth of juvenile fish and other aquatic organisms, also constitutes a source of their food, constituting together an important organic fertilizer. The aquatic vegetation is a permanent component of water shore areas but not an exclusive one. It is fixed on a base of roots or strong rhizomes which crosses, most of the times, a water column, getting in contact with the atmosphere. The purpose of this paper is to establish quantitative and qualitative structure of aquatic macrophytes (especially in the coast) on Danube River. Sampling was done in the Danube River, Călărași and Brăila areas (kmD 375 - 175), Â in July 2011. Harvesting of macrophytes was done from established stations - a total of 10 critical points, respectively 17 sampling stations, from both shores, left shore (LS) and right shore (RS). The taxonomic identification was made after Antonescu C.S., (1951) and Florea L., (2007). The plants samples were weighed to determine their biomass (wet and dry). All identified macrophytes species belonged to the same class (Monocotyledoneae), but different families - Cyperacee, Butomaceae and Potamogetonaceae respectively. Macrophytes had a poor representation in every work point, with little exceptions: From quantitative point of view, in many work points macrophytes were missing. Total macrophyte biomass varied from 25, 14 g/m2 to 171, 9 g/m2
Influence of the Grazing Conditions on the Floristic Diversity in the South Eastern part of the Gutai Mountains, the Maramures County
Get PDFPhytosociological studies have been carried out to estimate species richness and species diversity in area where shepherding is an ancient custom. Our research has been conducted on the Gutai Mountains meadows, on an area of 130 hectares, aiming to monitor the diversity of plant species and the pastoral value of the grazing lands, used to feed the animals. Data processing was done based on botanical sampling, the pastoral value has been calculated, and the diversity has been estimated with the Shannon (H'). Thus, we have observed that after annual grazing, and lack of the pasture improvement measures, the floristic diversity suffers. Values Shannon index (H') are between 1.17 and 2.63, as the meadows is being invaded by low forage value species (eg. Nardus stricta) that occupy a considerable area. The pastoral value of the pasture was also calculated, that was of 0.85 points; this low value being influenced by overgrazing, soil compaction, tendency of invasive plants with low nutritional value. The influence of uncontrolled grazing on mountain pasture results in a decrease in pasture productivity due to reduced diversity of grassy carpet, where acidophilus species have appeared, and weeds have invaded the grazing land area. It is well to remember that the long-term exerted anthropogenic pressure on grasslands affects the ecosystem diversity
Effects of Mulching and Mulching with Mineral Fertilizers on the Floristic Composition of Oligotrophic Grasslands After Six Years
Get PDFMulching of grasslands was suggested by many that could be a feasible solution for the low productive systems to maintain their natural productivity and floristical diversity, when succesion of woody species is a threatening factor. In this middle-term experiment, we aimed to study the effects of new alternatives in Apuseni Mountains, like mulching and mulching with mineral fertilization, on the floristic structure of the oligotrophic grasslands. The experiment has started in 2009 and we followed the effects of the treatments in the 6th year. The experiment design contains seven variants in five repetitions (randomized blocks) of mowing, mulching and mulching with different doses of fertilizers applied in different time. After six years, the treatments determined no changes in the main grassland type, but significant changes have taken place in the floristic compositions of the variants. The overall effects of the treatments are negative upon the phytodiversity in some of the variants. From this reason these has to be carefully recommended if there are conservational purposes
Improving Romania`s Green Cover by Planting Forest Protection Curtains, in the Context of Current Climate Changes
Get PDFIn Romania, the area covered by forest has decreased in the last period of time (28%), is currently below the average of developed countries in the European Union (40%). Meanwhile, a series of extreme weather phenomena have increased, representing the greatest threat facing humanity and the environment. In the current paper the authors analyze the distribution of Romania green cover on geographical areas, trying to find solutions to minimize the existing imbalances.Expanding forest areas should be a priority for ecological restoration because Romania has low forest coverage areas. Research shows that there is an unbalanced distribution of green coverage of Romania in the current climate change, which requires the plantation of protective forest curtains
Phenotypic Variability of Some Maize Inbreed Lines from ARDS Turda
Get PDFThe inbreed lines collection from the Agricultural Reseach and Development Station Turda include inbreed lines created on the station, but also lines with a different origin.The aim of this paper is the study of the phenotypic variability between maize inbreed lines for vegetative traits of the plant and the traits of ear and kernels: plant height, ear height, number of leaves/plant, number of branches/tassel, reaction to different types of cms, ear lenght, number of rows, number of kernels/row, kernels type, kernels color, cob color and the chemical composition of the grains. Using the phenotypic characterisation there are identified new sources for some favorable traits that can be used for the breeding of competitive hybrids. The study also refered to the number of days between sowing to silking, and sowing to physiological maturity. On this study there were analyzed over 471 dent and flint inbreed lines from ARDS Turda. The inbreed lines were studied on the field regarding vegetative traits: the plant height, the ear height, number of leaves/plant and the number of branches/tassel. On the laboratory there were studied the ear and kernels traits. Using all the data obtained there will be choosen some inbreed lines that are used for the maize hybrids breeding programs. Most inbreed lines belong to the dent variety and most lines have a short or medium long ear. It was also noticed a high proportion of lines with 14-18 kernel rows. There is a high variability between the lines regarding the plant height, ear hight and the number of kernels/row, and a very high variability for the number of branches/tassel. The inbreed lines from ARDS Turda can be used as parents for the commercial hybrids. The variability between the lines makes them more valuable, due to the fact that there are a lot of sources for maize improvement programs