Publicatii USAMV Cluj-Napoca (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine / Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară din Cluj-Napoca)
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Research on the Reaction of Soybean Cultivars to Diseases Attack in 2013, in the County of Brăila
Get PDFBacterial burning is a widespread disease in soybeans, which occurs most frequently under cold and wet climate. Soybean mosaic potyvirus is spread everywhere in the world wide as the most damaging viral phytopathogens soybeans. Fusarium species can infect plants at any stage of soybean development. The objective of this research was to estimate the degree of attack of Soybean mosaic potyvirus, bacterial burn and Fusarium species in soybeans. The goal was to have the necessary information in making decisions applying for phytosanitary treatments. Three cultivars were tested: PR92M22, PR92B63, PR91M10, and observations were made under natural contamination on the 15th of July and August 30, 2013. In order to know the health of the experimental lot phytosanitary control were carried in R1 and R4 growth stages, specifying the frequency and intensity of the detected pathogens attack. The research was conducted in the experimental fields without irrigation, in Unirea city and in the Great Island, county of Brăila. From this paper it can be concluded that one of the main limiting factors in soybean crop is found in a very large extent of the phytosanitary nature, like the attack of the Soybean mosaic potyvirus, bacteria Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea and Fusarium species. The degree of infection varied from one cultivar to another. The study was developed during the proces of doctoral studies
Dynamics of the Foliar Pigments Content in some Tomato Cultivars from East Romania under Salt Stress
Get PDFThe biological material was represented by ten local tomatoes populations collected from areas with saline soils from Moldavia region and compared with commercial type salt-tolerant tomato Determination of photosynthetic pigments of leaves was done by the spectrophotometric method. For determination of photosynthetic pigments of leaves we used a UV spectrophotometer type - 1800. The content of chlorophyll pigments was assessed by light absorption ability of the acetone extract of pigments (1%) in the visible spectrum (400-700 nm). Tomato genotypes in the study were subjected to salt stress for a period of 30 days is constantly wetted with saline solution to a concentration of 100 mM and 200 mM. The pigment content was analyzed at 15 days and 30 days after the saline treatment. After 15 days when the tomato genotypes was subjected to constant stress salt the content of chlorophyll a 662-663 chlorophyll a 431-432 , chlorophyll b 453-454 and chlorophyll b 616-617 showed higher values compared with analyzes performed after 30 days. Analyzed the results based on biphasic model of growth response under salt stress proposed by Munns (1993), and found that tomatoes reacted similarly. The transition from phase I (osmotic stress) to phase II (ions toxicity), is done by salt stress intensity, but mostly by cultivated genotype
Development of Economy of the Republic of Serbia through processing less hazardous Waste into useful products, the case of Compost
Get PDFObservation of waste, in recent decades, should be conducted multidisciplinary, i.e. it is the subject of several scientific disciplines, such as economics, ecology, agriculture, industry, which will produce a new system of processing and more. Generally, the waste is viewed as an object or substance which the owner wants to postpone or reject. Green Economy, treated useful waste, by means of environmental reasons, but also through the potential opportunities of development, especially the recycling industry. By processing only 10% of plant and animal waste into compost the state of Serbia can save about 6:54 million €, because that amount does not have to give to import compost, but itself can produce and return to the ecosystem. Â
Screening of Soil Bacteria for Phytase Activity
Get PDFThe aim of the present papaer was to realize a screening for phytase producing bacteria isolated from soil where pig manure was stored. It was used PSM, PKA media and the molybdate-blue method in order to determine the presence of phytase- phosphate solubilizing- and proteaze- producing bacteria. About half of the bacterial isolates were phytase producer
Morphometric Characteristics of the Relief as a Premise in the Pedogenetic Process and Indirect Mapping of Soil Types in the Anieș Hydrographic Basin
Get PDFDeveloped by a geological structure similar asymmetric horst, Anieș's morph-hydrographic basin presents through its relief forms, a complex geographical unit, in terms of morphometric indicators respectively altitude, slope, depth of fragmentation and slope exposition for the entire landscape. At a taxonomic level, we can distinguish a variety of soil types and subtypes, mainly due to the physical and chemical properties and mineralogical soil deposits. This article aims to interpret some morphometric indicators and correlations supported by a GIS raster and vector database integrated in spatial analysis modules, discover quantitative and qualitative features of various types of surfaces and define morphometric parameters.The morphometric study of: slope, slope exposition and energy relief correlated with altitude by indirect mapping, have identified the following types of zone soils: luvisols, eutric cambosols distric cambosols, podzols, prepodzols , criptopodzols and humosiosols and intra-zone soils: rendzins, lithosols, hystosols and fluvisols. The indirect maping reflect the variety and complexity of soil types in Anieș's basin, each with varying surfaces, lithological substrates and specific properties.The necessity of this article is important in the achievement of studies concerning the land usefulness, in order to implement essential measures such as: correcting the soil's acidity and monitoring the lands affected by soil erosion
Study of the Floristic Composition of Certain Secondary Grasslands in Different Successional Stages as a Result of Abandonment
Get PDFImportant areas of semi-natural grasslands are affected by abandonment in Apuseni Mountains, situation that leads to a series of specific negative aspects. Semi-natural grasslands pass through certain successional stages, materialized by different types of grasslands. The aim of our study was to follow the successional stages of Agrostis capillaris L. - Festuca rubra L. grassland type, as a result of abandonment. The study included 27 grasslands with similar site conditions. There were three different categories of abandoned grasslands: abandoned up to 5 years, abandoned between 6 and 10 years, abandoned more than 10 years. The categories of abandonment caused changes at the level of phytocoenoses, registering a degradation of the vegetation from both, agronomic and ecologic point of view. The semi-natural grasslands, situated on sites with different disadvantages (defectuous orography, reduced trophicity, pronounced acidity, etc.) which are on the threshold to be abandoned, or are already abandoned, need to be mowed at least once at four or five years, to preserve their specific floristic structure
Study of Chlorophyll Pigments in Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in terms Of Heavy Metal Complexation with Various Forms of Sulfur, in Order to Reduce Their Toxicity
Get PDFIn this paper we intended to find the effect of the complexation of heavy metals with various forms of sulfur on the content of chlorophyll pigments in dwarf beans (Phaseolus vulgaris var. Compressius ellipticus). The effect of two heavy metals, cadmium and respectively lead, in different concentrations, on the content of chlorophyll pigments in the leaves of beans plantlets, by extracting the pigments by the hot process. These were the variants: V1 Cd 1mg/l, V2 Cd 1mg/l + 100mg Cys, V3 Cd 1mg/l + 100mgK2SO4, V4 Cd 50mg/l, V5 Cd 50mg/l+100mg Cys, V6 Cd 50mg/l+100mgK2SO4, V7 Pb 1mg/l, V8 Pb 1mg/l+100mg Cys, V9 Pb 1mg/l+100mg K2SO4, V10 Pb 50mg/l, V11 Pb 50mg/l+100mg Cys, V12 Pb 50mg/l+100mg K2SO4, V13 - control sample. Following the experimental research, we can state that the contents of chlorophyll pigments in leaves is negatively influenced by organic sulfur (cysteine) and positively influenced by inorganic sulfur (K2SO4), towards inhibition and, respectively, stimulation. Cysteine inhibits with 7% at high concentration of Cd (50mg/l), and K2SO4 stimulates with 1.2% at the same concentration of Cd. In case of Pb (1 mg/l), cysteine inhibits it with 5%, and inorganic sulfur with 1% less as the control. Inorganic sulfur in combination with high concentration of Pb stimulates the pigments production in leaves with 3% more than the control, and concentrated Cd inhibits it with 15%
Allelopathic Effects Produced by Johnson Grass Extracts over Germination and Growth of Crop Plants
Get PDFThe paper addresses a topic justified by economic importance due to direct and indirect damages caused by Johnson grass in maize and soy culture. The study aimed to highlight the allelopathic effects produced by Johnson grass extracts on seed germination, plant height and plant dry mass of corn and soybeans. The research was conducted in the laboratories of Agrochemistry and Plant Protection Department in University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat. Experimental field has 13 variants, which are different throughout plant material used (rhizomes dry, fresh, leaves, and seeds) as well as various alcohol concentrations. Following the treatments application with extracts we observed that the highest allelopathic effect is determined by extracts based on rhizome, second being situated leaf extract. The aqueous extracts were less inhibitory compared with the alcoholic extracts. Lowest content of alkaloids that cause allelopathic effect is recorded in seeds. The experiment showed that the seed germination percentage of inhibition depended on the time used and the concentrations of the plant material used (rhizomes, leaves, seeds
Applying the New Methodology for Determining the Suitability of Land for Fruit Production
Get PDFThis paper makes reference to the specific conditions for applying the new methodology for estimating pedo-climatic resources in terms of land suitability for fruit production. The old system fit the fruit growing lands in 6 categories of suitability taking into account the following indicators: soil thickness, useful edaphic volume, degree of salting and alkalinity, depth of horizon Cca, active CaCO3, pH, mobile Al, vertic character, slope, degree of unevenness, the degree of erosion, landslides, groundwater, global drainage, non-gleyed soil volume, intensity excess moisture and flooding danger. This simplified model of the new methodology was applied in two stages: in the first stage was included the individual assessment of the suitability of species depending on soil variables (pH, texture and drainage) and on climate (average temperatures, extreme daily rainfall and the absolute minimum temperature during the growing season. In the second phase were combined suitability scores of soil and climate, thus resulting in a quantitative estimates (with numeric values between 0 and 4): the range between 0 and 0.5 is considered unfavorable, the range between 0.5 and 1.5 is considered a little favorable, between 1.5 and 2.5 moderately favorable, between 2.5 and 3.5 favorable, and more than 3.5 notes will give very favorable ratings of that location. For a project to be eligible for funding the minimum grade is 2.4. If that location is considered at low favorability, below 2.4, then, on demand, potentiation may be applied depending on the evaluation notes and pedo-climatic factors of that zone
The Natural Rehabilitation of Tailing Ponds from CăpuÈ™, Cluj
Get PDFMining industry is one of the most polluting, in particular through the mine tailings and tailing ponds. In Romania, most of these were rehabilitated natural, as is the case at CăpuÈ™.Our studies and research were conducted in 2013 and had two main objectives: to establish natural recovery capacity of the four tailings ponds from the exploitation and processing of iron from from CăpuÈ™u Mare (1962-1985), after 28 years from closure, achieving phytocenologic investigations to study the evolution of ecological succession on a lifeless biotope. Genuine identification species installed on the tailings ponds was made by using the dichotomy keys. Quantitative study of characteristics was made by the following indices: coverage using abundance-dominance scale (Braun-Blanquet), calculating the frequency and classification in class presence. For this ecological study of vegetation we used stationary research, with the planimetric method using metric frame 1 square (1 x 1 m). The coverage of vegetation varies from 87% (tailing pond I) to 69% (tailing pond IV). The wood species occupying from 56% (tailing pond I) of the surface of the tailing pond, to 14% (tailing pond IV).Floristic inventory conducted shows that the floristic diversity is at the tailing pond III where were identified, 8 species of trees, 3 species of shrubs and 30 herbaceous species. The lower diversity at the tailings pond I can be explained by the high percentage of land cover by wooden species at the expense of herbaceous. Phytocenologic results of our investigations show that the tailings ponds from Căpușu Mare are naturally rehabilitated after 28 years, which is the age of the latest pond. Unfortunately there is no description of the dynamics of these phytocenosis. Although species don't have a great economic value, spontaneous vegetation installed here has the advantage of a positive visual impact, setting ponds, preventing air pollution by drifting the tailings by wind and its transport by rain