Publicatii USAMV Cluj-Napoca (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine / Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară din Cluj-Napoca)
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Dynamics of Microbial Functional Groups in Rhizosphere of Spring Barley
Get PDFPlant rhizosphere is the portion of soil which is in direct contact with the plant roots. From the microbiological point of view, this area is characterized by strong dynamic of functional groups with high specificity towards the substrate available. Spring barley is a crop with high requirements to the composition of the microflora in the rhizosphere, disturbances produced by agronomic inputs affecting the stability of rhizospheric contact interfaces and ultimately the plant growth. Analysis of changes within the microbial community was carried out with the purpose of defining the disruptive impact of mineral inputs and potential of zeolite to reduce these disruptions. Microbial functional groups were analyzed on the basis of the CO2 export under the specific conditions of soil inoculation on specific substrates over a time period of incubation. Microresp detection plates allow evaluation of a large number of samples under identical conditions of inoculation and the establishment of dynamics of the entire microbial community. The dynamics of the entire microbial communities (basal respiration) is stimulated to increase in case of unilateral application of zeolite and zeolite as a buffer for urea fertilization. General growth trend of microbial communities follows proportional the associated application of zeolite with urea, the most powerful non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation processes being stimulated by this combination of fertilizers. Simultaneously, an increase in the dynamics of denitrifiers was observed, also the decomposition of lignin and cellulose and biological crust formation due to the proliferation of cyanobacteria. Rhizosphere of barley plants is characterized by the presence of actinomycetes as dominant in functional microbial community of all experimental variants analyzed with a high capacity for biological degradation and raised mineralization of organic matter
The Evolution of a Forage Mixture with Red Clover among Four Experimental Years
Get PDFGrassland productivity is a complex attribute defined by a series of interdependent indices with important role in the characterization of one grassland culture productivity. Among this the most important are the soil-climatic conditions, the technology applied, floristic composition, forage quality, etc. The present paper aims to follow the behaviour of a forage mixture with red clover among fourth experimental year. We followed the behaviour of a complex mixture consisting of Trifolium pratense (15%), Lolium perenne (20%), Festulolium (25%), Festuca arundinacea (25%) and Phleum pratense (15%) under the influence of mineral fertilization in the climatic conditions specific Plateau of Transylvania, Romania. Experience was installed in the spring of 2012 in experimental fields located inside the Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda. The experimental area is characterized by an average annual temperature of 10.40C C and average annual rainfall of 523.2 mm. Soil type is faeoziom vertic clay. The mixture was sown on 12.5 cm and 25 cm distances between rows and they were fertilized in early March with complex NPK and ammonium nitrate (33.3%) in four different doses: V1- control variant, unfertilized, V2-N50P60K80, V3- N75P60K80 and V4-N100P60K80. The experimental parcels were mowed 3 times /year. Analysing the complex forage mixture we observed an interesting evolution among the fourth experimental years. Fertilization with medium amounts of nitrogen seemed to have a favourable influence on forage mixture productivity. The results showed that the forage mixture studied can generate high productivity and quality if adequate technology is applied.Â
The Quality of the Water from the Aquatic Ecosystem, Carja, through the Biological Indexes
Get PDFThe objective of this paper is to evaluate organic pollution in the basin growth cyprinids (Balta Mare) of farm Carja 1 Vaslui county, it was based on the two indices, namely algal genus pollution index and saprobes` index. Algae as a component of the aquatic ecosystem is an indicator of water quality, which is determined by the component species and of their diversity. Total 18 genera and 29 species have been indentified, among these 13 species belonged to Cholorophyceae, 5 species to Cyanophyceae, 5 species to Bacillariophyceae, 5 species Euglenophyceae and 1 species to Dinophyceae. Have also been analyzed and the main physic-chemical parameters as follows temperature, pH, oxygen and the other parameters (nutrients viz. nitrogen and phosphorous). The Values of physic-chemical parameters show that water belongs to class III of quality, according to Order 161/2006. Two biological indices, viz. algal genus pollution index and saprobes` index, were adopted to classify the water quality in the Balta Mare in comparison with the measured physicochemical water quality. The total score of Algal Genus Pollution Index of station CI, CII, CIII, CIV, CV, CA/E were 15, 15, 17, 8, 7 and 9 respectively. Water quality ecosystem investigated is assigned to the β mesosaprobic subarea, prevailing the β-mesosaprobic species, class III of quality and moderately polluted water
Assessing the Absorption Potential by Establishing the Hierarchy of Zea Mays Root System
Get PDFMaize has good biological particularities to exploit a high variety of agricultural land in different climatic conditions, due to a complex root system. The exploration of soil by roots developed by maize is dependent on the mycorrhization level, that increases the absorption capacity of nutrients from soil solution. The current experiment assesses the differences of mycorrhization colonization in the maize roots, by levels of radicular architecture . The level`s division is performed based on the ramification point, by observing the hyphal network and arbuscular cirtcuit. The development of intraradicular hyphal networks is stronger in the aged areas of the root, while in the freshly formed segments the arbuscular impermanent structures are more visible. In the segments with high colonization intensity high soil nutrient absorbtion phenomenon occurs, while in the areas with lots of arbusculs predominant is the intense transfer of minerals between the two partner
Answer of a Soybean Genotype Created on ARDS Turda to Different Fertilization
Get PDFSoybean is cultivated from long time ago, being well apreciated due to its agricultural and nutritive values. On ARDS Turda there is a long tradition in cultivating and studying the soybean plant in order to highlight the most efficient genotypes. The aim of our study is to analyse the response of a soybean genotype created on ARDS Turda to the applied inputs and to highlight the most efficient management both from productive and qualitative point of view. The experimental field was installed in the year 2013 within ARDS Turda fields. In order to accomplish the objectives proposed we organized a bifactorial experience of type A (P= phosphorus doses) X B (gulle doses). The biological material consists in Felix genotype of soybean. The experimental factors studied are phosphorus in 3 doses (P1 (control variant, unfertilized), P2 (fertilized with 50 kg/ha P2O5) and P3 (fertilized with 100 kg/ha P2O5)) and gulle in 4 doses (G1 ((control variant, unfertilized), G2 (fertilizrd with 5 t/ha gulle), G3 (fertilized with 10 t/ha gulle) and G4 (fertilized with 15 t/ha gulle)). The results obtained showed a different reaction of the genotype studied under the influence of fertilization and allowed us to recommend the best technology for this genotype in order to achieve high yields and superior quality. All treatments showed differences when compared to the control variant (both on mineral and organic fertilization)
Soil Resources Study in Dumbrăvești Area - Prahova County, to Seize Their Best for Agricultural Use
Get PDFThe study area is located at the confluence of Vărbilău with Teleajen, a former mansion previously having multiple uses (garden, orchard, pasture), with an empirical adjustment, but effective, now decommissioned, into fallow or degraded pasture.There have been a sleeper in the lower part of the territory (the Vărbilău`s alluvial) to the set, in the highest part. Due to varied topography, and other factors which conditioned pedogenetical, resulting many types and subtypes of soils classified in several classes: Protisols (Fluvisols), Luvisols (Luvisols) and Anthrosols (Erodosols).This paper presents the physico-chemical and morphological properties of soils, their analytical data and evaluation opportunities for best uses, particularly orchards
Study Concerning the Occurrence of the Organisms of Phytosanitary Quarantine and Other Harmful Pathogens upon Potato and Tomato Cultures in Jucu, County of Cluj
Get PDFThe organisms of phytosanitary quarantine play an important role within national monitoring programmes of vegetable cultures. Whatever, pathogens, weeds, etc. they are nominated and taken under strict survey by national authorities. In Romania, they are nominated, monitored and managed by the National Phytosanitary Authority. Experiments were developed during March and middle of July 2014. The experimental field was located in Jucu village, belonging to the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, on potato and tomato cultures. The presence of the pathogens and mites was monitored, and their attack degree was recorded. Data were statistically processed with IBM SPSS 20 programme. The results of our experiment emphasized that only small part of the organisms under phytosanitary quarantine were present, weeds mainly, but diseases produced by other pathogens (late blight and powdery mildew) were recorded, and they produced important damages in monitored cultures. Our study demonstrates that not all phytosanitary quarantine organisms nominated by the Romanian National Phytosanitary Authority were recorded in tomato and potato cultures managed in conventional system in Cluj area, but the most important damages were produced by other pathogens, late blight and powdery mildew, respectively
Changes in phyto-diversity on Festuca rubra l. -Agrostis capillaris l. grasslands
Get PDFDiversity is a term no longer alien to any social category (the ordinary peasant political class) and became the main topic in any actual problem. Phytodiversity are in decline and all policies try to focus their attention to this problem. The importance of grassland ecosystems is increasingly exploited demonstrated and changes lately whether political, economic and / or social affects not only the ecosystem but the whole agricultural system in the world especially fertilization. This is the reason why our experience include a study on semi-natural grassland based on combined form of organic and mineral fertilization. The experiment was placed after experimental technique method and includes six different fertilized treatments in four replications. Experiment is establish in Baisoara Commune, Cluj County. The experience includes four variants in three repetitions, which are: V1 - control variant, (unfertilized); V2 - variant fertilizer with 10 t/ha manure; V3 - variant fertilizer with 10 t/ha manure + 50N25P25K; V4 - variant fertilizer 20 t/ha manure; V5-variant fertilizer with 10 t/ha manure + 100N50P50K and V6-variant fertilized with 100N50P50K. Like is known, mineral fertilization reduce more than organic fertilization the phytodiversity and in our experiment this are very good highlighted. The studied phytocenosis present a Shannon diversity even if large mineral inputs are are provided
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON STEVIA (Stevia rebaudiana) IN TERMS OF FOOD APPLICATIONS AND FUNCTIONALITY
Get PDFIn nowadays, is a strong and increasing interest among consumers and manufacturers for products that can be used to promote health and wellbeing, such as natural food supplements, herbal remedies and other products based on medicinal plants. This minireview paper, aim to present the potential of Stevia rebaudiana in terms of food applications and functionality. Furthermore an overview of already performed studies in literature about the Stevia-sweetener stevioside and rebaudioside A. is given
110 YEARS SINCE BIRTH OF PROF. VASILE VELICAN (1904-1984) - PROMOTER OF HOP AND MEDICINAL PLANT RESEARCH
Get PDF110 YEARS SINCE BIRTH OF PROF. VASILE VELICAN(1904-1984) - PROMOTER OF HOP AND MEDICINALPLANT RESEARC