Publicatii USAMV Cluj-Napoca (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine / Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară din Cluj-Napoca)
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Chlorophyll Content Evolution of Wheat Triticum aestivum L. var. Alex under Different Salinity Doses
Get PDFSalinity stress has effects on plants as harmful as those caused by drought. This research aim was to evaluate the changes in wheat total chlorophyll content estimation under salinity stress. The experiment was set up on October 15, 2022, by sowing wheat seeds var. Alex in field conditions, in mezo-phyto-cosmos, under six treatments, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 mM NaCl. The total chlorophyll content estimation of leaves, flag leaves, and spikes was measured with a chlorophyll meter. The assessments were taken periodically for leaf greenness during in (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und CHemische Industrie) BBCH 11, 14, 51 and at the end of the experiment for flag leaves and spikes greenness. The highest values for leaves total chlorophyll were registered at all treatments except 75 mM NaCl at the fourth evaluation. For flag leaves chlorophyll content, measured at the end of the experiment, the highest value was registered in the control treatment, significantly higher compared to the 15, 45, 60, and 75 mM NaCl by 38%, 86%, 88%, and 91%. The spike chlorophyll content showed no significant differences between all the treatments. Higher doses of saline treatment significantly affect the leaves chlorophyll content, decrease the flag leaf, and spike greenness
Determination of Qualitative Indicators of Work in the Application of Solid Chemical Fertilizers
Get PDFOne main means of achieving a constant, reliable and high-value yield is by correctly applying the fertilizers. The correct use of fertilizers implies the scientific basis and the knowledge of all the factors that influence the efficiency of their application. The main aim of the experiment was to study the uniformity of fertilizer application at different travel speeds. In the present study, the machinery used was a Massey Ferguson tractor with a Rauch spreader that was working at the speeds of 6, 11, 17 km/h. The fertilizer was collected and measured with a Kern precision balance. The obtained results show that at the travel speed of 6 km/h, the distributed quantity of fertilizer was between 24.04 g/m2 and 31.81 g/m2 on the membrane verified on 3 different determinations. Using an 11km/h travel speed the results obtained were between 24.14 g/m2 and 26.78 g/m2, by using this results we could determine that this speed was the most appropriate for carrying out the fertilizing process. Lastly, the speed that was used was 17 km/h and the obtained quantity of fertilizer was between 16.85g/m2 and 31.31 g/m2
Modern Insights into Breeding of Medicinal Plants for Health and Industry
Get PDFAn essential source of natural medicines, medicinal plants have a long history of usage in the treatment of a wide range of illnesses. Some of the secondary metabolites produced by plants as a defence mechanism against biotic and abiotic challenges are used to treat health affections. Considering the importance of medicinal plants primarily for their therapeutic qualities, this paper reviews the traditional and modern breeding methods of medicinal plants. Most plant cultivars today are products of traditional breeding techniques, such as selection, hybridization, mutagenesis, and polyploidy. Nevertheless nowadays, the use of molecular markers assisted selection or genetic editing techniques are promising tools in improving plant resistance to environmental stress factors and increasing concentrations of bioactive compounds. Integrating modern breeding technologies with ecological cultivation and conservation strategies is the key to the long-term sustainability of medicinal plants. Some examples of these include increasing genetic variety in crops grown for medicinal purposes, protecting natural habitats, and using sustainable forms of agriculture. To maintain the original identity and characteristics of local plants, research must focus on using local genetic resources as the initial material for use in breeding programs. Improved varieties of medicinal plants can hence be created that display increased disease resistance, higher productivity, and/or improved efficiencies in bioactive compound synthesis, which would greatly influence the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries
Current Scientific Insights on the Antioxidant Effects of Melissa officinalis Extracts
Get PDFMelissa officinalis L. commonly known as Lemon balm, is a popular medicinal plant from Lamiaceae family, valued for its therapeutic properties since antiquity. This study aims to evaluate the current scientific literature status on antioxidant effect of Melissa extracts, highlighting geographical research trends, publication patterns, and article accessibility. Using the Web of Science (WoS) database, 283 articles published between 2015 and 2024 were initially identified. After screening and filtering, 165 eligible studies were analysed, with the majority published in recent years and originating from Iran, Turkey, Romania, and Poland. The findings underline the increasing interest in Melissa officinalis, with open-access research predominating, in agriculture, biochemistry, medicine, and food science. This review underscores the need for continued exploration to expand understanding of Melissa's antioxidant potential
Theoretical Aspects for Designing a Land Consolidation Software
Get PDFLand consolidation is a process widely used in Europe for counteracting the effects of land fragmentation. Eastern Europe and Romania have encountered this problem after the fall of communism in 1989. The purpose of this paper is to lay the foundations for designing a software application for land consolidation in Romania. This research adopts the constructivist paradigm using the methodology of hermeneutics for literature review. A land consolidation software should be able to provide certain functionalities – relocate and reallocate parcels and evaluate them on a score scale that takes into account: the surface and shape of the parcels, location, accessibility, relief conditions, floods, restrictions, land improvements and economic value
Research on the Productive Performance of Some Romanian Pea Varieties in Ecological and Conventional Systems
Get PDFPea is one of the most important crop plants (second after soybean) in the Fabaceae family (Shanthakumar et al., 2022) being considered a safe and cheap source of protein, starch, fiber, vitamins and minerals, low-fat, gluten-free, and low-allergenic (Munialo et al. 2014). Leaving the field early and leaving the soil enriched in nitrogen thanks to the symbiosis between the pea roots and Rhizobium spp. bacteria creates ideal conditions for the plants that follow in the rotation. the present paper, we aimed to test the influence of the biological cultivation method on the productivity elements of native yellow pea varieties in the eco-pedological conditions of Transylvania, elaboration of recommendations regarding the applied technology on some morphological and productivity elements in autumn peas. Pea crops were placed in two different locations (SDE Cojocna and private farm in Fundatura), under the same pedoclimatic conditions. In the organic farming system, the Olguța variety showed a reduced number of pods/plants, number of grains in the pod and the highest value of the MMB. In the organic farming system, the most productive pea variety was Ghittia with a production of over 2300 kg/ha and in the conventional farming system Olguța with 5000 kg/ha yield
Evaluation of GEDI/ICESat-2 Satellite Lidar Datasets for Ground Surface Modelling
Get PDFThis study evaluates the potential of GEDI and ICESat-2 datasets, for modelling the ground surface for mostly forested terrain characterized by complex relief. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted, using a high-accuracy DTM derived from airborne laser scanning data as reference. Results indicate that ICESat-2 data has higher individual footprint accuracy (RMSE of 1.21 meters, compared to RMSE of 2.66 meters for GEDI). GEDI offers improved spatial coverage and thus higher quality DTMs (RMSEs of 13-14 meters), especially after outlier removal. The research demonstrates that GEDI is more suitable for large-scale terrain modeling due to its significantly better spatial distribution of observations, while ICESat-2 is better suited for estimating ground surface elevation at the footprint level and is ideal for monitoring repeated ground tracks. Overall, we find that both datasets provide valuable insights for ground surface modeling and are unprecedented in terms of spatial coverage and temporal repeatability
Evolution of Spontaneous Forest Vegetation Established Ooutside the Forest Fund in the Apuseni Mountains
Get PDFThe Apuseni Mountains are a mountain group found in the central-western part of Romania, that once were being densely forested, Lately, part of these lands were no longer used for agricultural purposes, becoming naturally.In the present work, naturally afforested areas outside the forest fund were identified and the main tree growth parameters were determined. The data were taken within the National Forest Inventory (NFI), the sample areas being materialized in the field during 2008-2011, when the first measurements were made. It returned with measurements in the period 2014-2017 and in 2020-2024 period. Most of the surfaces were identified and materialized near the national forest fund, some along some valleys, and few are within agricultural or grazing lands. The main species identified were: birch, aspen and over time spruce and beech settled in. The agricultural lands that, in the past, served the needs of agricultural crops and grazing, currently uncultivated, are naturally afforested, with pioneer species (silver birch, poplars, willows), and lately with valuable species such as spruce, beech, etc. These extensions of the vegetation outside the forest area have an important role in the future increase of the forest fund and preventing the occurrence of soil degradation phenomena
Identification Of Biotic Factors Present on Woody Ornamental Plants
Get PDFThe demand for arborescent and shrubby ornamental plants has increased a lot in recent years, therefore, both forestry and private nurseries have recorded increases in the production of these plants. Due to the increase in production, much of the planting material was imported, and with it, various diseases and pests were propagated. Field trips were made both to nurseries and to alignments of ornamental plants, observations were made in the field and samples were taken for laboratory analysis. In order to identify pathogenic agents, the analyzes carried out consisted of taking samples from the infested material on PGA (potato-glucose-agar) culture medium. Within nurseries, the biotic agents identified are from both the disease and pest spectrums. Thus, the pathogen Kabatina thujae and the pest Ovalisia festiva were identified in the thuja crops, and the pathogen Phoma dura was identified in the fir crop. Within the alignments studied, the pests Cydalima perspectalis were identified in buxus, and in the case of thuja alignments, the pathogens Seimatosporium berckmansii and Kabatina thujae were identified. The identified biotic agents cause significant damage, especially in plantations on green spaces, and combating them is quite difficult due to the regulations in force, especially those of civil protection
Preserving Medicinal Plant Biodiversity: Climate Change Impacts, IUCN Red List Insights and Conservation Strategies
Get PDFMedicinal plants are a great source of active compounds that are used as raw materials to make medicines. They are also utilized extensively in phytotherapy and in food to help people maintain a healthy lifestyle. Beyond these factors, medicinal plants are a natural resource that is extremely important to the phytocenoses to which they belong. They help to maintain ecological balance and plant biodiversity. Plant species are either extinct or placed on red lists, which are categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature based on their sozological category, as a result of overexploitation, habitat fragmentation, climate change, and the introduction of invasive species. In order to preserve the equilibrium of the ecosystem, our study, which is an analysis of the specialized literature, outlines the primary threats to medicinal plants, the significance of protecting plant resources with therapeutic qualities, and some future perspectives that take into account the shared interests of all people in order to preserve the biodiversity of medicinal plants