Publicatii USAMV Cluj-Napoca (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine / Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară din Cluj-Napoca)
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Influence of Phosphorus and Nitrogen on Mycorrhizas in Winter Wheat
Get PDFIntraradicular installation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas on the roots acts to amplify growth and to increase potential yield. Extraradicular network of hyphae developed by mycorrhizas acts as an extension of the root in order to access the nutrients located in unexplored areas. The percentage of roots occupied by mycorrhizal hyphae fluctuates heavily under the influence of fertilization. The highest values of the colonization parameters were recorded with a high level of phosphorus fertilization applied as phasial input. High doses of mineral fertilizers with phosphorus applied with seeding favors the development intraradicular hyphal networks in wheat roots. Â
Study of Dynamics SPAD and NDVI Values of Potato Plants According to the Differentiated Fertilization
Get PDFPotato fertilization (especially nitrogen fertilization) has repercussions on the dynamics of plant growth and the production and quality. Recent results of research on the dynamics of NDVI and SPAD values of potatoes indicates ample opportunities to use these non-invasive measures to monitor the condition of vegetation in different crop growing conditions (Puiu et al. 2012, Shukla et al. 2007). The researches were conducted to obtain information on the possibilities of non-invasive assessment of NPK fertilization effects on the state of potato plants growing in non-irrigated conditions. Between 2013-2014, at NIRDPSB Brasov (Romania) were performed measurements of vegetation index NDVI, chlorophyll content and measurements of plant varieties Christian and Roclas harvested in dynamic, on two levels of nitrogen fertilization, N100 and N200 NPK reports 1: 1: 1 and 1: 0.9: 2. On the second decade of June 2013, the NDVI mean of Christian variety plants was 88.7, compared to 86.9 at Roclas variety. The SPAD values were 46.6 and 44.7. On 2014, a year with higher humidity, NDVI average values ​​were higher on both varieties (91.6 and 90.8) and the SPAD values were lower ​​(41.8 and 41.5). NDVI values of potato plants from fertilized variants were statistically differentiated according by variety, especially in the second part of the growing season. Through SPAD values differentiation of fertilization variants has been possible throughout the entire period observed. Hydrothermal conditions of vegetations limits the separation of fertilization variants with NDVI measurements, while SPAD values reflect supply plants with nitrogen
The Impact of Fiscal Policy on Rural Economic Development in Romania
Get PDFAgriculture played a major role in the development of society since old times. The new paradigm of sustainable growth emphasizes the role of agriculture in economic growth, in ensuring food security, in poverty reduction, in the reduction of income disparities, in the development of the rural area and environmental protection. Fiscal policy is the means by which the government of a country interferes within the economy to stimulate or soothe its growth. Because the application of tax policy affects consumer demand of the society, it is considered that the fiscal policy operates on the market of goods and services units. Romanian Government's vision fiscal policy is focused on ensuring a stimulating role of taxes in order to increase the economic growth, to fiscal consolidation and to development and strengthening the middle class. The purpose of this article is to identify and highlight the impact of fiscal policy on sustainable rural economic development of Romania, in the context of Romanian rural economy realities and needs of the economic and social environment to become competitive on the European market. In order to reach our objective, we have used fundamental research methods consisting in reading of the specialized literature in this field and some articles and studies covering this topic. One of the most important decisions to make is that individual entities become legal entities with legal personality. There are necessary internal and external financing in agriculture based on investment (investment projects), involving agricultural companies and agricultural associations (not individuals bodies). Last but not least, we appreciate that the taxation of agricultural incomes is still a necessity, given the principle of universality tax, leaving it to the experts to determine the dimensions of income rules
Comparative study of proline accumulation of Some varieties of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) under water Stress Conditions.
Get PDFProline accumulation, as a marker of resistance to the abiotic constraints, was evaluated on seventeen genotypes of Durum wheat (Triticum Durum Desf) under water stress conditions. An experiment was implemented at INRAA research station located at Baraki, Algiers. The experimental design adopted is that of split plot design with water regime (irrigated and non irrigated treatments) as main plots and varieties as sub plots and three repetitions. Proline accumulation was significantly increased under water stress (p<0.01). There was differences between varieties and their interaction with water regimes (p<0.001) and 04 groups were identified. When plants are subjected to water stress they increase their rate of proline, this enables to improve the capacity of the cell to maintain it turgor pressure at low water potential. Key words: Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), Proline accumulation, resistance, water stress
Using Remote Sensing Techniques in Environmental Management
Get PDFThe Geographical Information Systems technology is used in many fields where the spatial information is very important and relevant, that means in all fields that use a system for saving, analyzing and representing the data which are processed. The aim of this paper is using modern technology for monitoring the environment. Geographical Information System together with remote sensing have a very important role in decision process regarding the environment. Integration of remote sensing images in a Geographical Information System which enables complex spatial analysis is a useful and modern solution for environmental management and decision-making process. Satellite images contain various information that can support environmental monitoring, images that can be analyzed and interpreted in various ways by using the Geographical Information System tools
Measures to Prevent and Combat Pear Scab (Venturia pirina) in the Climate Conditions of Lapusel
Get PDFIn this paper we studied the emergence and development of pear scab (Venturia pirina), as well as the combat methods, testing a couple of fungicides. The aim of the research has been to highlight the resistance, respectively the sensitivity of some pear varieties against the fungi attack, in order to make recommendations for the new plantations, as well as the testing of 7 fungicides, remarking the product with the highest biological effectiveness. The researches were conducted in the years 2013-2014 at the company SC Mecanochim Lapusel, Maramures County. The experiments were conducted on plots planted with the Olivier de Serres and Bergamotte Crassane varieties. The attack was calculated determining the attack frequency, intensity and degree. The linear-interrupted method was used, comprising 3 variants of 5 trees each. Analyzing the climate data, it has resulted that in 2013 scab had favourable development and attack conditions. The Olivier de Serres variety was noted for its resistance to fungus attack, with a frequency of 0.2-1.3% on fruits and insignificant frequency on leaves, for all 7 tested product variants. The Bergamotte Crassane variety was placed on the other end, with a higher frequency and intensity, both on fruits (2-3%) and on leaves (2.5-3.5%). The infections diminished in 2014 due to the unfavourable climatic conditions. Three products had better results, from the seven tested products, thus: Alcupral 50PU, Stroby DF and Chorus 50 WG. Â
Host Plant Species of the Cicada Metcalfa Pruinosa in Romania
Get PDFMetcalfa pruinosa (Say) is an invasive species native to North America, accidentally introduced to Europe, more specifically to Italy in 1979. In Romania it was observed for the first time in Constanta and a year later it was found in Timisoara, in the Western part of Romania too. In its place of origin the cicada consumes over 120 species of plants meanwhile in Europe, over 300, which indicates an emphasized polifagism. The aim of our studies was to identify new host plants and habitats in Romania. Observations took place in 13 counties of Romania in order to identity new host plants and habitats. Observations were performed in counties: Timis, Arad, Bihor, Hunedoara, Sibiu, Mures, Alba, Cluj, Mehedinti, Dolj, Salaj, Ilfov and Arges. The host plants were identified and the degree of attack was evaluated. The degree of attack was correlated with the number of host plants from an observation point. The number of attacked species was the highest in Timis county, where the degree of attack was also the highest, with an average value of 4.0. The most attacked plant species belonged to genera: Prunus, Buxus, Rosa, Hibiscus, Acer and Ligustrum. There is a positive correlation between the number of attacked plant species and the degree of attack. It has been found that where the diversity of plant species is high, Metcalfa pruinosa also has a larger population, and it is more likely to find the optimum plants for nutrition
Study Regarding the Use of Sheep Wool in Dendro-Horticultural
Get PDFIn each agricultural exploitation or agribusiness, it is imposed a correct use of fertilizers not just from economical reasons but also in order to protect the environment. Nitrates Directive (1991) encourages farmers to become more careful with the environment and to try new techniques. By mimimazing the use of fertilizers biodiversity is insured. In many European countries, sheep wool is considered waste. Despite its great features (physical and bio-chemical) sheep wool remains unused, although we can find it in very large quantities. Sheep wool is a 100% ntural fabric, durable, recyclable and biodegradable and it does not contain any chemical substances or other pollutants. Therefore no toxic substance could infiltrate in surface waters or groundwaters, minimazig water contamination with heavy metals or eutrophication. The main idea of this study is to develop an innovative strategy by using raw sheep wool as fertilizer. The development of a logistic concept: sheep wool from the farm used on fields. The use of sheep wool is equal with no impacts on the environment, no soil pollution, no water pollution, no soil degradation, which leads to biodiversity preservation
The Effects of Phosphate Solubilizing Rhizobacteria on Soybean (Glycine max. L.) Plants Grown under Insoluble Phosphate Fertilization
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to assess the comparative efficacy of two phosphorus solubilizing rhizobacteria namely Burkholderia cepacia B36 and Enterobacter radicincitans D5/23T combined with insoluble phosphates in soybean (Glycine max. L.). Inoculated plants were grown in sand culture under controlled greenhouse conditions. All the inoculated treatments showed better plant growth and nutrient uptake when compared to uninoculated control. The inoculation with B. cepacia performed better than with E. radicincitans. Phosphorus concentrations in shoots and roots did not change significantly at the early stage of plant growth. However, the bacterial inoculation had better stimulatory effect on phosphorus uptake by soybean fertilized with insoluble phosphates, in particular in treatment with combined application of both bacteria strains
Study on the Sea-Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Preparation Forms Destined to its Nutritio-Pharmaceutical Use
Get PDFIn conducting this research we started from the multiple uses of sea-buckthorn in our everyday life. In addition to the positive effect of sea-buckthorn plant on the environment, especially by fixing the soil, almost all parts of this miraculous shrub have therapeutically effect (fruits, leaves, shoots etc.) and can be consumed in various forms. Aim of this paper is to present the nutritional value of sea-buckthorn, recipes most frequently used and the effects that they have on people. In order to achieve all these, materials from the scientific literature were used, as well as an own research, carried out during a year, on a total number of 50 people. Results prove that the sea-buckthorn must be introduced, in greater extent, in our daily diet, as it improves human health. Â