Publicatii USAMV Cluj-Napoca (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine / Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară din Cluj-Napoca)
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Tree Species Composition and Structure near Road Borders in the Laurel Forest of Anaga (Tenerife - Islas Canarias)
Get PDFUrbanization is one of the main causes of species extinction. Closely linked to urbanization are road systems, which are a source of biotic and abiotic effects on the surrounding landscape. The continued existence of these corridors results in enormous human activity (Forman & Alexander, 1998). In particular, roads sharply define and fragment forest ecosystems leading to changes in plant species composition and vegetation structure from road border to the surrounding interior. This paper assesses border effects on tree species richness and composition in the laurel forest of Anaga, Tenerife, Spain. Effects of anthropogenic corridors on vegetation differed among the study sites. Multivariate analysis revealed that species composition is more related to the sampling site than to the effect of the corridor, while for density, significant differences were found between the road border and forest interior but not as a regular pattern. This suggests that main corridor disturbances regarding tree basal area is limited to the immediate road edge in the laurel forest, while for species composition, no significant differences were found
Research on the Sea-Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Eco-Restoration Value in Avoiding Erosion and Supporting Soil Fixation
Get PDFThis paper approaches an issue of real importance, namely the sea-buckthorn influence on the areas attacked by erosion. We consider that this effect is mainly a result of its extremely developed root system, as well as of the nodosities formation on the roots. The study was conducted over a period of 3 years (2011-2013) in two landslides areas from Prahova and Dambovita counties, from where were collected 5 plants (from each area) in 3 repetitions. Calculating the averages regarding the plant roots depth, but also the number of root suckers and nodosities, can be easily deduced the role of these plants in soil fixation, hence their eco-restoration value
Necessity, Desirability and Importance of Ecological Agriculture in the Context of Medicinal Plants Cultivation
Get PDFIn recent years, the ecological farming began to gain an increasingly higher importance, due to the increase of areas cultivated in ecological system and of the number of producers and consumers. This paper aims at presenting in a concise manner the most important considerations about organic farming in the context of medicinal plant cultivation. By choosing as a basic research method the observation and the study of literature, an overview on it will highlight the main aspects regarding the unconventional farming systems, the history and the variants of the ecological farming concept, organic agriculture trends worldwide and in Europe, the state of ecological agriculture in Romania, OA's principles and perspectives of improving life quality by complying with them, the requirements for the organization of an ecological farm, the conversion to an organic farming, labelling of organic products, the quality and marketing of organic products. Also will elaborate an analysis of the determinant conditions of the promotion of ecological medicinal and aromatic plants production, represented by the consumers` perception, attractiveness and interest. The analysis will require to carry out a sociological study that will involve the survey method. The attitude towards organic production is revealed through questions related to the opinion about medicinal plants from spontaneous or cultivated flora, and also to the consumption preferences in the form of tea, infusions, natural products, cosmetics, packaging and presentation style. The main questions that define the tastes are related to herb consumption rate, the production of medicinal plants by individuals and/or farmers, plant type (ecological culture or spontaneous flora, Romanian or from import). Â
Forest Habitats in the Nature Reserve ROSCI 0032 Rudariei Gorges
Get PDFThe Rudăriei Gorges, named after the Rudărica rivulet, is close to the Eftimie Murgu village, also known by the name of Rudăria. It is located in south-west Romania, Caras-Severin County, Almăjului Depression. It is known both in Romania and abroad less for its flora, fauna and landscape features and most for its mill reserve, where water mills are still used by the natives. The paper has as purpose, establishment of forest habitats in the area of ​​research. At the same time the work wants to clarify inconsistencies on the types of forest habitats reported to be present in accordance with the Standard Form of the site of community importance ROSCI0032 and habitats identified in the field. The methodology is specific to the identification and characterization of habitats. Field survey (during vegetation, March-October) showed that the vegetation in the area was mosaic-like, which hindered habitat mapping. Moreover, we have noticed differences between the habitats mentioned for the area (Standard Form) and those identified in the field. Thus, the Standard Form of ROSCI0032 Cheile Rudăriei mentions as existing in the area the habitat 91K0 - Illyrian Fagus sylvatica forests (Aremonio-Fagion), but in the field there were found no species representative for this type of habitat. According to our studies, the beech forests in the Rudăriei Gorges are part of the Habitat 9110 - Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests. Other new habitats described in the area and not mentioned in the Standard Form are 91E0* - Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae); 91M0 - Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak - sessile oak forests. The habitat 9180* - Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines, mentioned in the Standard Form, was confirmed in the field
Processing and Use of Satellite Images in Order to Extract Useful Information in Precision Agriculture
Get PDFImage analysis methods were developed and diversified greatly in recent years due to increasing speed and accuracy in providing information regarding land cover and vegetation in urban areas. The aim of this paper is to process satellite images for monitoring agricultural areas. Satellite images used in this study are medium and high resolution images taken from QuickBird and SPOT systems. Based on these images, a supervised classification was performed of a very large area, having as result the land use classes. Supervised classification can be defined as the ability to group the pixels that compose the satellite image, digitally, in accordance with their real significance. Gaussian algorithm of maximum similarity (Maximum likelihood) was used, referred to in the specialty literature as maximum likelihood method or probabilistic classification, and based on the use of probability theory (function Gaussian) to compare the spectral values of each pixel in hand with statistical " fingerprint "of each area of interest. Practically, conditional probabilities were calculated of belonging to one class or another. The points in the middle of the group have a higher probability of belonging to the certain class, probability intervals (concentric isolines or contours of equal probability) being delimited graphically by izocontours expressing spectral variations within each set of training
Principal Components & Classification Analysis - Tool for Festuca rupicola Biodynamic Estimation Depending on Grassland Fertilisation
Get PDFThe grassland forage must be monitored related to the quantitative and qualitative parameters. Festuca rupicola is one of the grass desired in grassland forage. It is necessary to have accessible statistical tools to monitor the Festuca rupicola biodynamic. The objective of the present research was to study that multivariate analysis technique Principal Components & Classification Analysis (PC&CA) can be used as a statistical tool for the estimation of Festuca rupicola biodynamic dependent of the fertilisation. The experimental results for Festuca rupicola cutting were collected in June and August 2009 from a hill permanent grassland ecosystem, with a substances flow anthropic influenced by the application of mineral and organic (sheep manure) fertilisers. The hill permanent grassland was situated in Banat, Romania, on a Calcic Luvisol. It was selected eight trials as PC&CA cases, the Festuca rupicola biodynamic data as supplementary variables, and as active variables the fertilisation data and ecological soil parameters. The correlation coefficients of Festuca rupicola biodynamic parameters (Fr1 and Fr2) were positively in mineral fertilisation case and negatively for sheep manure application. The Festuca rupicola biodynamic in June 2009 was high positive correlated with the Festuca rupicola biodynamic in August 2009 (0.835). The statistical data performed in the present study have shown that the multivariate analysis technique PC&CA can be used as a statistical tool for the estimation of Festuca rupicola biodymamic dependent of the mineral and/or organic fertilisation of hill grassland ecosystem
Students Involved in Animal Breeding
Get PDFIn last decade, Romanian agriculture does not follow entirely the European and programs as concerns land exploitation and animal farming (SAPARD). Restrictive development projects (POS-MEDIU, POS-DRU, POS-CCE) were active only in large private farms, which represent only 10.7% of the total registered farms in Romania. Was used a questionnaire for 36 students of our faculty, which have animal farms in 7 counties in Northwest of Transylvania. The study want to put into evidence the current problems of farmers in conditions of some private farms with small and middle number of animals. As small farms, they do not obtain important productions because of financial resource absence, limited professional education and absence of association in bigger exploitation farms. In these situations, the government must react providing a legal frame for rural agricultural development, supporting and supervising these small exploitations
Ecological and Agronomical Value of Festuca rupicola - Bothriochloa ischaemum Grasslands
Get PDFThe purpose of this research is to assess the state of the biodiversity and pastoral value for Festuca rupicola- Bothriochloa ischaemum grasslands from the hill area. Also, there has been analyzed the floristic composition and a series of ecological indexes, respectively humidity, soil reaction, temperature and nitrogen. Other aspects taken in account were the agronomical and anthropogenic specters. The analyzed grasslands are placed in the perimeter of the localities: Gilău, Aiton. Jucu and Frata, all from Cluj County
Control of Avena Fatua Species (Wild Oat) - a Weed in Expansion in Banat Area
Get PDFWheat is considered the largest agricultural crop acreage worldwide. More than 50% of human caloric needs is ensured by grain products. The presence of different species of weeds in cereals causes loses between 15 -20% and even 60-80% of the crop in the absence of control measures. The most dangerous monocotyledonous species present in this culture are Apera spica - venti (wind grass), Avena fatua (wild oat) and Bromus sp., they produce huge damage to both varieties for consumption and seed lots. Chirilă C. (2001), states that the species Avena fatua is one of the 132 species considered problem, namely: direct harm and high on production; has a high resistance to agro-chemical control measures; and the number or rapacity reduce the positive effect of some production factors. This study aims to provide new data on chemical control of Avena fatua in agroecosystems species of wheat. Research on chemical control of Avena fatua species were conducted in Teaching and Research Station, belonging to the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" in Timisoara. Experience included 12 variants, in three repetitions, placed after the randomized blocks method. Variants differ by herbicides applied. Efficacy of herbicides in control of species Avena fatua had values between 60-85%. The best herbicide used against Avena fatua proved to be Axial One EC (control rate 85%)
Characterization Phyto-Socio-Ecological of Agrostis capillaris L. Grasslands
Get PDFFloristic composition of the pastures is a mirror action and practical factors applied station and management (maintenance and how to use). The purpose of this research is to assess the state of the biodiversity and pastoral value for Agrostis capillaries L. grasslands from the mountain area. Also, there has been analyzed the floristic composition and a series of ecological indexes, respectively humidity, soil reaction, temperature, and nitrogen. We examined how estimated species diversity patterns changed with varying survey intensity from BăiÈ™oara village, Cluj County, Romania, an Agrostis capillaries L. grasslands. The experiment was performed in 2015. The vegetation observations were made on 29 plots. In this descriptive plot been identified the type of grassland Agrostis capillaries, described in boreal at altitudes between 850 and 1200, generally starting on exhibitions east until the south (90Ëš - 180 Ëš).The floristic composition of the Agrostis capillaries grasslands from the studied area is influenced by the local conditions and the intensity of the exploitation, these surfaces being under-exploited