Publicatii USAMV Cluj-Napoca (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine / Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară din Cluj-Napoca)
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The Influence of Tillage and Water Suply on the Soy Production
Get PDFThe choice of soil tillage systems adapted to the pedo-climatic conditions and crop requirements so that the yield and economic efficiency should be attractive for farmers, as well as the modernization of agricultural machinery and implements suitable for this system are expected to expand in the future and to contribute thus to the sustainable development of agriculture, to the improvement of soil fertility and environmental protection. The promotion of conservation agriculture system in versions adapted to the soil conditions with mid-heavy texture and to the requirements of the main crops in the south of Romania which should provide competitive productions, both quantitatively and qualitatively, with reduced costs and high profit. Â The research has been carried out at the Valul lui Traian Station for Agricultutral Research and Development. The experiments were placed according to the method of subdivided plots, in three repetitions, with tillage systems, towards water conservation and economical optimization of the agricultural management and consisted of the following versions: the level of water supply (three graduations); deep loosening of the soil (two graduations); basic tillage (three graduations). Soy reacts well to irrigations, the yield being very significant and ensured statistically. By analyzing the production data obtained as an effect of the interaction between the three factors and given the no irrigation/no chisel plow/vibromix version, all the versions cultivated in conditions of water supply/chisel plow and no chisel plow have statistically ensured production growth that is significant, distinctly significant and very significant. Soy uses well the water administered in norms of 50% of the AHI, obtaining higher yields even than those obtained in conditions of irrigation with 100% of the AHI
Copper Toxicity on Triticum aestivum L and Lactuca sativa L: Effects on Germination and Growth
Get PDFCopper is necessary for the growth and development of plants, but at high concentrations it is extremely toxic, resulting in growth inhibition and toxicity symptoms. In this study we investigated the effects of seed immersion on Triticum aestivum L and Lactuca sativa L for 24 hours, at different concentrations of CuSO4 x 5H20 (0.05g/L - variant V1; 0.1g/L - variant V2; 0.5 g/L - variant V3; 1 g/L - variant V4). There were investigated the seed germination, root and shoot lengths, tolerance index and phytotoxicity index. The result of metabolic disturbances induced by the treatment of vegetative organs was their growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner
Genetic Diversity of Some Sweet Cherry Cultivars Based on Molecular Markers
Get PDFSweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), originated around the Caspian and Black Sea, is an important fruit tree species of economic interest, and hence, breeding and conservation are requested (. Genetic analysis at the molecular level can be used effectively to study molecular polymorphism existing between intraspecific and interspecific tree species and phylogenetic relationships between them and their hybrids. The purpose of this study was to characterize and determine genetic relationships among the sweet cherry native genotypes belonging to Fruit Research & Development Station Bistrita, Romania, using RAPD markers. To eliminate the existence of possible synonyms from national romanian collection, we collect four Van cultivars, from four different national collection. For molecular analysis of the 16 varieties of sweet cherry were considered 13 RAPD primers selected from the literature. They were later used to determine the genetic variability at the molecular level using PAST program, and the dendrogram was generated based on Jaccard`s genetic distance. The dendrogram constructed by PAST software. The quantity and quality of the DNA obtained was suitable to achieve PCR amplification step. Only seven out of the 13 RAPD primers have generate polymorphic bands. The rest of seven were monomorphics. The most polymorphic primer was OPB10 which generated 11 bands from which 100% were polymorphic.Seven RAPD primers generated a high level of polymorphism which allowed to divide these cherry varieties into two groups according to their genetic geographical origin and the pedigree
The molecular polymorphism evaluation in Salix sp. Romanian accessions - preliminary results
Get PDFSalix is an important energetic genus, but  most of the genotypes are closely related genetically, due to frequent natural hybridisation in nature. Therefore it is of great interest to study its genetic background. In this work a collection of progenitors (Romanian accessions) collected from different locations were investigated to determine their genetic fingerprint in order to be used in future breeding programs. To evaluate the genetic diversity two types of molecular markers were used, namely ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) and  DAMD (Direct amplification of minisatellite-region). In the first step 15 ISSR and 5 DAMD markers were analysed to choose those markers that give the best amplification. It was pointed out that all of the primers had complex fingerprints, but those  which generated the most definite patterns were A13 and UBC 818 (ISSR) and 1-URP6R and 4- 14C2 (DAMD).These primers were used to analyze seven different Salix L. samples collected from different locations. It was revealed that a high polymorphism was identified both between different accesions of a species and between species. The high degree of polymorphism for both  minisatellite and microsatellite sequences, emphasized the necessity of increasing markers number to be possible to perform a statistical analysis and to determine the genetic similarities
The Effect of Fertilizer Regime on Soil Fauna
Get PDFSoil fauna activity in agricultural soil is a key factor to maintain soil fertility and to assure soil ecosystem services. It is now accepted that agricultural practices like tillage and pesticide use can harm soil organisms including earthworms and springtails. Other practices like the use of green manure or animal manure have been considered as being beneficial to these soil invertebrates. To deepen our knowledge on the effect of fertilizers (mineral and organic) on earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus terrestris) and springtails (Folsomia candida) 56 microcosm experiments were made with two soil types and two hydric regimes. The microcosms were amended with four fertilizers: ammonium nitrate, mustard as green manure, cow manure and slurry. The results emphasize that mustard use had beneficial effect on Folsomia candida abundance and Aporrectodea caliginosa biomass, while mineral fertilizer had negative effects for all species used in the experiment
Mineral Fertilization with UAN on Natural Grassland Festuca rubra L. with Agrostis capillaries L.
Get PDFAn important part of efficient livestock production is ensuring the sufficient grass for hay and pasture. However, low soil nutrient levels often limit forage production. With good fertilizer management and soil fertility, the productivity of many hay and pasture fields can be greatly improved. Through good fertilizer management, the productivity of many hay and pasture fields can be significantly improved by Ross H. McKenzie (2005). The aim of this paper was the effect of fertilization with liquid fertilizer (UAN) the harvest of dry and floristic composition changing on natural grassland. The experiment whose results we present was placed in 2014 in the place in Baisoara Mountain village, Cluj County. Experience has been placed on the Festuca rubra and Agrostis capillaries - of grassland type. The natural grassland of Festuca rubra with Agrostis capillaries responded very well to mineral fertilizers with liquid fertilizer UAN. The floristic composition of natural grassland fertilized with liquid fertilizers based on nitrogen, it can be seen an increase the Gramineae families and an evidence downward trend from Fabaceae families
Study of Winter Wheat Yield Quality Analysis at ARDS Turda
Get PDFThe purpose of this research is to study the potential for yield and quality indicators for winter wheat genotypes in terms of pedological and climate condition and applied technology, at ARDS Turda during 2014 - 2015. Depending on the climatic conditions that are associated with applied technology is a decisive factor in successful wheat crop for all genotypes that were studied at Ards Turda during the 2014 - 2016. That`s wy each genotype responded differently to the conditions of the ARDS Turda also through the two levels of fertilisations applied in the winter with fertilizers 20:20:0, 250 kg/ha assuring 50 kg/ha N and P active substance and second level of fertilisations with 150 kg/ha ammonium nitrate assuring 50 kg/ha N active substance. All genotype that were studied in terms of yield and quality indicators were influenced by the fertilization level. The influence of pedo-climatic conditions, applied technologies and fertilizers level at ARDS Turda showed that all genotypes with small yield had higher protein and gluten content respectively Zeleny index
Quality Assessment of Waste Waters Generated by some Important Hospitals from Cluj County
Get PDFHospitals produce large quantities of waste water that may contain various potentially hazardous materials. Moreover, these effluents usually do not undergo any specific treatment before being discharged into the urban sewage networks. As a consequence, a proper management of the hospitals effluents is vital. In the present study, the quality of the effluents, generated by 11 important hospitals from Cluj County was investigated. The analyzed parameters were: pH, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, residual free chlorine, and detergents. For all the effluents, the biochemical oxygen demand and the detergents content were within the permissible limits for waste water discharged in the urban sewerage system, while the other parameters exceeded the permissible limits
Analysis of the indicators achieved by the PhD students enrolled in Sectoral Operational Programme Human Resources Development (SOP HRD) projects implemented in the Universities of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Romania
Get PDFTaking into account the importance of human capital, and Romanian strategy in this area, in last decade, a Sectoral Operational Programme concerning Human Resources has been implemented. In this study, we emphasize the impact of SOP HRD on doctoral thesis defending rate, and publishing activity of doctoral students from agronomy and veterinary medicine fields. Research was carried out on four state Universities of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from: Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Iasi and Timisoara. Data were processed with STATISTICA v. 8.0 for Windows, software. Very strong multiple correlations are emphasized between results indicators with values from R = 0.999 for UASVM Bucharest, to R = 0.961 UASVM Timisoara. Principal Components Analysis, and Cluster Analysis show that published papers have a great importance (99.50%-99.40%) for the number doctoral thesis defended within SOP HRD projects developed by the UASVMs from Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, and Iasi, while the presentations given at conferences seems to have a minor role. In UASVM Timisoara, both published papers and presentations given at conferences seems to have almost the same importance (51.08%, and 48.92%, respectively) for the number of defended doctoral thesis
Iron Gates Natural Park - Administration and Management
Get PDFThis paper analyzes the management and administration of one of the largest, beautiful and complex natural parks from Romania, the Iron Gates Natural Park. The management plan is a frame of integration of the biodiversity conservation problems and protection of the natural and cultural environment that also supports socio-economic development of Iron Gates Natural Park. It is also an instrument of dialog between the institutions which coordinate this area. The management plan is a document approved by H.G 1048/2013 and it resulted after consulting the interested factors of the area (city halls, local and central authorities, civil society). The administration of Iron Gates Natural Park has a new structure, founded in 2003 and is working as a subunit of Forest-National Administration (Romsilva), which assures the necessary personal and equipment for administrating the area. The area has the status of: Natural Park, Natura 2000 and Ramsar site. The forest represents 65% of the total area, 98% being a state property. Analysing Iron Gates Natural Park documents (Iron Gates Natural Park management plan, scientific council and park administration documents, visits and observations within park), we can conclude that the park has a good administration leaded by the scientific councils, who also achieved many successful European projects