Publicatii USAMV Cluj-Napoca (University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine / Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară din Cluj-Napoca)
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The reaction of some winter wheat variety at cultivation in the conservative system in the Transylvanian Plain area
Get PDFIntroduction: In Europe between wheat cultivators countries, Romania ranks fifth with an area of 2.07 million hectares with a production of 7.45 million tonnes and production obtained is just 3601 kg /ha (www.ager.press.ro).Aims: Through the experience realised at ARDS Turda we follow the behavior of native varieties grȃu autumn, compared È‹n varieties of foreign origin, to make recommendations on their pretability to different systems of culture and levels of fertilization.Materials and Method: The experiment realized at the ARDS Turda, includes two ways to work the soil, a classic conventional system (with autumn ploughing, land preparation, sowing and fertilized) in parallel with the conservative ("no-tillage” with stubble crop directly into the preemergent plant). Experimental factors: A - soil tillage system; B - winter wheat variety; C - fertilization.Results: Of the eight winter wheat varieties, in the experiment is remarkable the variety Capo   that registered highest values of the gluten content at the level of fertilization c2, c3 and c4 at cultivation in both work systems (classic and “no tillage”). At most varieties, the highest protein content is at the c2 level of fertilization, except Capo and Exotic that react the best at c3 level of fertilization, in the system "no tillage". Conclusion: The winter wheat indigenous Andrada, Dumbrava, Arieșan and line T-29-04 and cultivar Renan (Limagrain) reacts most favorable in gluten content at level of fertilization c2 (at sowing 250 kg/ ha NPK 20: 20: 0 + resumption spring vegetation È‹n 214 kg/ ha ammonium nitrate).The productions obtained at all varieties wheat, is not existlarge quantitative differences (200-700 kg/ha differences), but variety Apache, Exotic, Ariesan and Dumbrava had reached over 7,400 kg / ha. Acknowledgments: This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNCS - UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-RU-TE-2014-4-0884.  References*** www.ager.press.roÂ
Research on the Changed Operating Parameters during Operation MMAT 110-03 and IDK 120-04 Nozzles
Get PDFThe quality of the phytosanitary treatments and weed control depends on the amount of solution administered uniformly per unit area, coverage and penetration of plant mass, fluid flow rates and droplet size. Most of these indices are fulfilled by nozzles. The most important parts of the sprayer are nozzles. They produce herbicide mixture in small sized droplets that are sent to target surface. This stream of droplets containins particles of different sizes. Measurements were made at the Department of Technical and Soil Sciences, using EP 70 sprayer manufactured by Tehnofavorit Bonțida and data acquisition was realized using the test benchmark TEST 1000 produced by the German firm Herbst
Changes of Mycorrhizal Colonization in Winter Wheat Due to Mineral Inputs
Get PDFWinter wheat is a plant commonly used in agronomic systems. Potential for adaptation of this species has lead to connecting its roots with mycorrhizal symbiotic fungi. Mineral inputs, especially phosphorous, produces oscillation in the functioning of mycorrhizal mechanism. Autumn fertilization is beneficial for the arbuscular circuit, stimulating the plant to enter into symbiosis. The degree of colonization increases due to fertilization applied in the spring, but has low values when the supplement is missing. The maximum intensity of colonization is less than 66% and is achieved only under 27-13,5-0 NPK fertilization
Enzimatic and Genetic Variability in Bacillus spp. Strains with Plant Beneficial Qualities
Get PDFPlant health is one of the issues that have to be maintained and closely monitored during cultivation and harvest. In this regard, prevention is the key factor in organic production. Biological control of plant pathogens and plant growth stimulation can be done through beneficial microorganisms. Different bacterial bio-preparates are available on the market, many of them based on selected strains of Bacillus species. In our previous studies, we isolated autochthones strains of Bacillus spp. with beneficial traits for plant protection and growth promotion. Considering the interest for biological production, and public concern for healthy products without significantly reduced yield, different biological control strains of Bacillus spp. that could be used as bio-inoculants for plant protection were analyzed. Thirteen biocontrol strains of Bacillus spp. were analyzed in comparison with three referent strains of B.subtilis and B.licheniformis. Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of these biocontrol Bacillus spp. strains was studied in order to characterize their enzymatic activity with implications either in cell wall degradation of plant pathogenic microorganisms, or in metabolism of various substrates. Genetic variability was studied by rep-PCR analysis compared with reference strains of B.subtilis and B.licheniformis. Microbiological studies performed in order to characterize the selected beneficial bacteria for their ability to produce lytic enzyme involved in plant pathogenic inhibition and plant growth stimulation revealed chitinase, cellulose, protease, lipase, amylase, decarboxylase, ACC-deaminase and phosphatease activity. The molecular techniques revealed significant genetic differences among the bacterial strains analyzed. The study allowed the detection of several enzymatic mechanisms involved in plant growth and protection, and revealed the potential of autochthon microbiota to be used for biotechnological purposes
Cariologic Study of the Plant Species on the South-Western Gutai Mountains Pasture
Get PDFThis paper presents karyology aspects of the diploid and polyploid species frequency on the mountain pastures in the southwestern Gutai Mountains as well as the calculation of the diploid index. The phytocoenosis of the five plant associations identified on pasture were studied: Violo declinatae-Nardetum, Simon 1966, Agrostietum stoloniferae, (Ujvárosi 1941) Burduja et al. 1956, Scirpetum sylvatici, Ralski 1931, Maloch 1935 em. Schwick 1944, Calthetum laetae, Krajina 1933, Campanulo abientinae-Vaccinietum myrtilli, (Buia et al. 1962) Boșcaiu 1971. Karyotypes were taken for all encountered vegetal species to achieve an accurate cytoaxonomic analysis. The frequency of polyploid species was found in the five vegetal associations that were identified and studied in karyology terms. The number of polyploids, comprised between 52.94-75%, is ahead of the diploids number comprised between 25-43,75%, in the vegetal associations phytocoenosis of the mountainous region. Diplo-polyploid plants and those with an unknown karyotype have lower participation. The calculated value of the diploid index decreases with the increasing of the altitude, with subunit values between 0.33 - 0.82. Diploid index (DI) indicates instable character of vegetal formations of above-mentioned area, reflecting completely station conditions of the grassland. The genetic structure of the phytocoenosis and vegetal associations studied seen from the perspective of karyotypes, indicates a drop in the dioloid index value with the increasing of the anthropo- zoogen factor (excessive grazing)
HIGH NATURE VALUE GRASSLANDS FROM ARRHENATHERION ALLIANCE IDENTIFIED IN MUREȘ COUNTY
Get PDFArrhenatherion alliance meadows are recognized to be among the best pastures in our country due to high productivity and good nutrition value. The research was conducted in several areas of Mures County. The studied grasslands were classified into two types of Natura 2000 habitats: 6510 Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) and 6520 Mountain hay meadows. The identified phytocoenosis belong to two plant associations: Arrhenatheretum elatioris Br.-Bl. Ex Scherrer 1925 and Poo Trisetetum flavescentis (Knapp 1951) Oberd. 1957. The analysis of data collected in the field reveals that the current state of conservation of the two types of habitat is good and very good. Habitats in a good and very good state of preservation is distinguish by a great floristic composition: approx. 100-150 cormophyte species with good and very good forage value. As habitats are more susceptible to the management applied and any changes to land use can affect habitat quality (eg abandoning  mowing and turning the land into pasture), the ecological functions of this habitat will be satisfied as long as they are mowed after Poaceae species matured
Incidence of Escherichia coli ï¢ - Glucuronidase Positive on Goat Milk
Get PDFPapers on beta- glucuronidase sensitivity and specificity for identifying Escherichia coli in sources of environment, food, water, etc. have been published since 1976. In this study we conducted a review of the incidence of E. coli β- glucuronidase -positive in goat milk, obtained by hand milking throughout the lactation: spring, summer, autumn. The presence of E. coli in milk is considered both as a health indicator and a pathogenic factor capable of causing food poisoning. The determination of the E. coli β-glucuronidase-positive was carried using TBX medium by cultivating colonies typical blue at 440C. The absence of E. coli in milk yielded during the spring, when the animal milking is done three times a day, was found in the performed analyses; the same was observed during fall, when the milk production is lower and the milking is done once a day. The load of E. coli β-glucuronidase-positive was averaging 66.67 CFU/ml of goat milk, during the middle lactation period (July-August), in conditions of higher temperature. During this period, milking is done in the mountain zone, where the transhumance of animals takes place in summer. The presence of the species E. coli was also confirmed by microscopic examination. Attention should be paid to hygiene and milk should be immediately cooled, during hot weather, as E. coli can be a source of food poisoning. Â
Changes of the Microbial Community in Corn Soil Due to the Synergism Zeolite-Mineral Fertilizers
Get PDFMicrobial communities in agricultural ecosystems are characterized by a strong dynamic and radical change due to technological inputs applied. Corn is cultivated on large areas with high requirements for nutrients and an increased potential for activation of specific microbial groups. The aim of this study was to assess the unilateral and synergic effect of zeolite and mineral fertilizers on the development and transformation of microbial functional groups in the rhizosphere of corn. Physiological profile assessment of microbial communities has been carried out on the basis of substrate induced respiration, monitored over a period of 6 hours of incubation. The amount of CO2 registered in Microresp plates represents the activity of functional groups in decomposition of each type of substrate applied. Characteristic groups of microorganisms in maize rhizosphere are capable of decomposing acids: citric, L-malic, oxalic and α-Ketoglutaric. These substrates indicate the presence of high concentrations of organic matter in soil and the existence of a biological crust on the surface (citric acid), respectively the existence of powerful processes for the decomposition of organic material by actinomycetes (α-Ketoglutaric acid). The highest microbial activities were observed in groups of bacteria involved in processes of plant growth promotion and microbial groups with an important role in the processes of denitrification (oxalic acid). For the application of urea a triple value of activity of this type of microflora is observed. Functional groups codominant in soils cultivated with corn are specialized in efficient degradation of organic matter and biological crust, zeolite providing the complex substrate necessary for the development of these microorganisms
Contribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza to Productivity of Barley on Contrasting Cropping Systems, in Central Greece
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on productivity of barley, under different levels of fertilization on organic or conventional agricultural systems. In addition, the mycorrhizal dependency of each system was studied for all fertilization levels. Experimental field was settled in central Greece, on clayey soil and experiments were conducted under real field conditions, in a split plot design. Two mycorrhizal treatments were combined with five fertilization treatments, in three replications. Growth parameters (e.g. plant height, total biomass production, seed yield, Leaf Area Index, Harvest Index) were monitored throughout cultivation period. Percentage of root AM colonization and mycorrhizal dependency were also measured for each treatment. Results indicated that AM inoculation had a positive effect on growth parameters and final productivity of barley. Plants of inoculated plots reached higher final height, higher LAI, and higher seed yield. Inorganic fertilization suppressed AM root colonization, especially when higher rates of inorganic fertilizers were applied. In contrast, organic fertilization did not suppressed AM colonization, especially in the case of AM inoculation. Mycorrhizal dependency was higher for the low-input cropping systems. In the present research work, we demonstrated that AM inoculation can positively affect growth and productivity of barley, in both organic and conventional cultivation
The Structure and Dynamics of Macrozoobenthic Communities of the Bega River Water
Get PDFThe benthic macro invertebrates are good indicators of localized conditions, as many of the benthic macro invertebrates have limited migration patterns or a sessile mode of life. Most species have a complex life cycle of one year or more. Sensitive life stages will respond quickly to stress; the overall community will respond more slowly. The structure and distribution of the different benthonic macro-invertebrates communities is considered to be one of the important indicators of the surface waters` quality . In November 2014, were collected 20 quantitative samples of benthic zones, in the Bega River in order to highlight the links between pollution degree and the saprobionte organisms community. The aim of this paper is to show the effects of human impact (Ghiroda village, potable water treatment station, sewage water treatment station of Timisoara, Sânmihaiu Roman village) on benthic community structure and dynamics of different ecosystems from Bega River water. After the laboratory work was carried out, it was identified ten groups of benthic macro invertebrates: Oligochaeta subclass Hirudin class, Lamelibranchiata class, Gastropoda class, Nematoda phylum, Diptera order (larvae of the families Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae and Tipulidae), Isopoda order, Trichoptera order, Odonata order, Coleoptera order)